Efeitos do carprofeno e da buprenorfina no limiar nociceptivo mecânico com ou sem presença de foco inflamatório em gatos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relações entre a rede de drenagem e as superfícies de aplainamento no semiárido: a bacia hidrográfica do rio Bom Sucesso (Bahia)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do cloridrato de tetraciclina na remoção da smear layer radicular, em diferentes concentrações, tempos e modos de aplicação. Análise através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Avaliação da influência da incorporação de substâncias desinfetantes na resistência à compressão e à tração diametral de dois gessos tipo IV

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A glossary for biometeorology

Here we present, for the first time, a glossary of biometeorological terms. The glossary aims to address the need for a reliable source of biometeorological definitions, thereby facilitating communication and mutual understanding in this rapidly expanding field. A total of 171 terms are defined, with reference to 234 citations. It is anticipated that the glossary will be revisited in coming years, updating terms and adding new terms, as appropriate. The glossary is intended to provide a useful resource to the biometeorology community, and to this end, readers are encouraged to contact the lead author to suggest additional terms for inclusion in later versions of the glossary as a result of new and emerging developments in the field.

Mapeamento dos compartimentos de relevo do município de Estrela do Norte-SP e adjacências

The Geomorphology is to study the relevant object, which is the substrate where there are social relations, where society draws the natural resources for their survival and structure its immediate surroundings. In this context, the geomorphological map is currently considered as an important tool in landscape research. The landscapes of the city of Estrela do Norte-SP and surroundings consist mostly of geological substratum of sedimentary rock formations of Adamantina and Santo Anastácio (IPT, 1981a). Geomorphologically dominated by large reliefs of gently rolling hills tops and pedologicamente, the Oxisols and Ultisols Red-Yellow (Oliveira et al., 1999), which historically without proper management, formed a serious degradation of erosive framework in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to produce a map of the major compartments of the municipality Estrela do Norte-SP and surrounding areas, using techniques of digital stereoscopy. In relation to the procedures used in developing the mapping of geomorphological compartments, the main references were Tricart (1965) and Ross (1992). To prepare the mapping applied to refund technique - 3D through the ALOS / PRISM images...

Efeito de métodos de desgaste com pontas diamantadas e da ressinterização sobre o limite de fadiga flexural de uma zircônia parcialmente estabilizada por ítria

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of collagen matrix saturation on the surface free energy of dentin using different agents

The surface free energy of conditioned-dentin is one of the factors that interfere with monomeric infiltration of the interfibrillar spaces. Saturation of the tooth matrix with different substances may modulate this energy and, consequently, the wettability of the dentin. To evaluate the influence of different substances used to saturate conditioned-dentin on surface free energy (SFE) of this substrate. Dentin blocks (4 × 7 × 1 mm, n = 6/ group), obtained from the roots of bovine incisors, were etched using phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, rinsed and gently dried. The surfaces were treated for 60 seconds with: ultra-purified water (H20-control); ethanol (EtOH), acetone (ACT), chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The tooth surfaces were once again dried with absorbent paper and prepared for SFE evaluation using three standards: water, formamide and bromonaphthalene. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnet's tests (a = 0.05) were applied to the data. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was the only substance that caused a change to the contact angle for the standards water and formamide, while only EtOH influenced the angles formed between formamide and the dentin surface. None of the substances exerted a significant effect for bromonaphtha-lene. In comparison to the control, only EDTA and NaOCl altered both polar components of the SFE. Total SFE was increased by saturation of the collagen matrix by EDTA and reduced when NaOCl was used. Saturation of the collagen matrix by EDTA and EtOH changed the surface free energy of the dentin. In addition, the use of NaOCl negatively interfered with the properties evaluated. The increase of surface free energy and wettability of the dentin surface would allow higher penetration of the the adhesive system, which would be of importance to the clinical success of resin-dentin union.

Contração de polimerização e expansão higroscópica de resinas compostas: análise pela técnica de video-imagem

To evaluate the volumetric changes due to polymerization and thermocycling on different resin-composites. Methods: Thirteen A2 Universal Dentin shade resin-composites (n = 10) from eight manufacturers were evaluated (4Seasons, Grandio, Venus, Amelogen Plus, P90, Z350, Esthet-X, Amaris, Vita-l-escence, Natural-Look, Charisma, Z250 and Opallis). The polymerization shrinkage percentage (PS) was calculated using an image measurement device (ACUVOL - Bisco Dental). Equal volumes of material, standardized by a semisphere polyurethane matrix (d = 3mm) were used and, after 5 minutes of relaxation, the baseline volume measurements were obtained with 18 J of energy dose from the LED light-curing unit. Measurements were obtained after 5 minutes and PS values calculated. Specimens were stored in a drydark environment for 24 hours and re-measured. Specimens were then thermocycled in distilled water between 5oC and 55oC for 20,000 cycles, subjected to another volume measurement at 5,000 cycle intervals. Specimens were gently dried prior to each measurement. Results: Repeated measurements were made using ANOVA (α = 0.05) showed that all resin-composite volumes were influenced by the number of cycles. Volumes at 5 minutes post-polymerization (12.47 ± 0.08) were significantly lower than those at baseline (12.80 ± 0.09). Volumes at 24 hours (12.43 ± 0.19) were insignificantly lower than those at 5 minutes postpolymerization. With regards to the impact of thermocycling, all specimens showed statistically significant increases in volume after 5,000 cycles (13.04 ± 0.22). Although statistically different from those after 5,000 cycles, there was no statistically significant difference between volumes measured at 10,000 (12.87±0.21), 15,000 (12.92±0.24), and 20,000 (12.84±0.23) cycles. Conclusion: According to the video-imaging analysis, thermocycling caused a significant expansion in resin-composites tested, the volume increase was not able to...

Microbialitos da formação Codó (Aptiano Superior) às margens do rio Tocantins em São Miguel do Tocantins (TO)

The southwestern region of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin has a rare outcrop of the Codó Formation (upper Aptian) with seven outstanding microbialite bioherms along the left margin of the Tocantins river, near Imperatriz (MA). Resting on sandstones of the Grajaú Formation, the Codó Formation presents: 1) a 20 cm thick basal calcilutite with gypsite pseudomorphs and some fossil tree stems; 2) metric dark shales with carbonate nodules and thin intercalated carbonate layers, enclosing some microbial laminites; 3) a 2 cm thick upper breccia composed of microbialite fragments and other carbonate clasts, with halite hoppers on the top; 4) the carbonate bioherms, which partially overlie the extensive shales and interrupt them laterally, as well as the breccia. The bioherms in the northern part of the outcrop are thicker (<2 m) and have interbedded dark shales, whereas the southern are thinner and continuous in the vertical direction. In general, they are composed of irregular gently to strongly wavy microbial laminites, sometimes with pseudocolumnar to conical lamination. All microbialites with highest synoptic relief (<20 cm) look like columnar stromatolites on weathered lateral expositions. In plan view, the horizontal sections of these microbialites are circular to slightly elliptic, sometimes forming very small channels (N60W) filled with fine breccia. The highest bed of the northern bioherm has mixed microbial laminites and columnar stromatolites, where intercolumnar spaces were filled with microbialite clasts, fish bones, plant fragments and very small probable crustacean coprolites. Several fractures and deformation in this upper bed indicate an initial brecciation process probably caused by subaerial exposure. In microscopic scale, the lamination is smooth, diffuse, defined by subtle granulation differences of very fine granular calcite crystals within micrite, but oxide levels, dissolution surfaces or thin precipitated calcite veneers...

Bratton Family Papers - Accession 202 - M89 (114)

This Bratton Family Papers consist of a Yorkville Enquirer account (1903) of the unveiling of a monument by the King’s Mountain Chapter of the D.A.R. in commemoration of the Battle of Huck’s Defeat at Brattonsville, a newspaper account concerning the influence on Thomas Dixon and his writing the Klansman(Charlotte Observer, July 14, 1963); a biographical sketch of James Rufus Bratton, and a description of Brattonsville.

Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Abundance in Alaska: Bristol Bay to Southeast Alaska, 1991-1993

Between 1991 and 1993, Alaska harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) abundance was investigated during aerial surveys throughout much of the coastal and offshore waters from Bristol Bay in the eastern Bering Sea to Dixon Entrance in Southeast Alaska. Line-transect methodology was used, and only those observations made during optimal conditions were analyzed. Survey data indicated densities of 4.48 groups/100 km2, or approximately 3,531 harbor porpoises (95% C.I. 2,206-5,651) in Bristol Bay and 0.54 groups/100 km2, or 136 harbor porpoises (95% C.I. 11-1,645) for Cook Inlet. Efforts off Kodiak Island resulted in densities of 1.85 groups/100 km2, or an abundance estimate of 740 (95% C.I. 259-2,115). Surveys off the south side of the Alaska Peninsula found densities of 2.03 groups/100 km2 and an abundance estimate of 551 (95% C.I. 423-719). Surveys of offshore waters from Prince William Sound to Dixon Entrance yielded densities of 4.02 groups/100 km’ and an abundance estimate of 3,982 (95% C.I. 2,567-6,177). Combining all years and areas yielded an uncorrected density estimate of 3.82 porpoises per 100 km2, resulting in an abundance estimate of 8,940 porpoises (CV = 13.8%) with a 95% confidence interval of 6,746-11,848. Using correction factors from other studies to adjust for animals missed by observers, the total number of Alaska harbor porpoises is probably three times this number.

Parental Ethnotheories of Child Development: Looking Beyond Independence and Individualism in American Belief Systems

Over the past several decades, the topic of child development in a cultural context has received a great deal of theoretical and empirical investigation. Investigators from the fields of indigenous and cultural psychology have argued that childhood is socially and historically constructed, rather than a universal process with a standard sequence of developmental stages or descriptions. As a result, many psychologists have become doubtful that any stage theory of cognitive or socialemotional development can be found to be valid for all times and places. In placing more theoretical emphasis on contextual processes, they define culture as a complex system of common symbolic action patterns (or scripts) built up through everyday human social interaction by means of which individuals create common meanings and in terms of which they organize experience. Researchers understand culture to be organized and coherent, but not homogenous or static, and realize that the complex dynamic system of culture constantly undergoes transformation as participants (adults and children) negotiate and re-negotiate meanings through social interaction. These negotiations and transactions give rise to unceasing heterogeneity and variability in how different individuals and groups of individuals interpret values and meanings. However, while many psychologists—both inside and outside the fields of indigenous and cultural psychology–are now willing to give up the idea of a universal path of child development and a universal story of parenting, they have not necessarily foreclosed on the possibility of discovering and describing some universal processes that underlie socialization and development-in-context. The roots of such universalities would lie in the biological aspects of child development, in the evolutionary processes of adaptation, and in the unique symbolic and problem-solving capacities of the human organism as a culture-bearing species. For instance, according to functionalist psychological anthropologists, shared (cultural) processes surround the developing child and promote in the long view the survival of families and groups if they are to demonstrate continuity in the face of ecological change and resource competition, (e.g. Edwards & Whiting, 2004; Gallimore, Goldenberg, & Weisner, 1993; LeVine, Dixon, LeVine, Richman, Leiderman, Keefer, & Brazelton, 1994; LeVine, Miller, & West, 1988; Weisner, 1996, 2002; Whiting & Edwards, 1988; Whiting & Whiting, 1980). As LeVine and colleagues (1994) state: A population tends to share an environment, symbol systems for encoding it, and organizations and codes of conduct for adapting to it (emphasis added). It is through the enactment of these population-specific codes of conduct in locally organized practices that human adaptation occurs. Human adaptation, in other words, is largely attributable to the operation of specific social organizations (e.g. families, communities, empires) following culturally prescribed scripts (normative models) in subsistence, reproduction, and other domains [communication and social regulation]. (p. 12) It follows, then, that in seeking to understand child development in a cultural context, psychologists need to support collaborative and interdisciplinary developmental science that crosses international borders. Such research can advance cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, and indigenous psychology, understood as three sub-disciplines composed of scientists who frequently communicate and debate with one another and mutually inform one another’s research programs. For example, to turn to parental belief systems, the particular topic of this chapter, it is clear that collaborative international studies are needed to support the goal of crosscultural psychologists for findings that go beyond simply describing cultural differences in parental beliefs. Comparative researchers need to shed light on whether parental beliefs are (or are not) systematically related to differences in child outcomes; and they need meta-analyses and reviews to explore between- and within-culture variations in parental beliefs, with a focus on issues of social change (Saraswathi, 2000). Likewise, collaborative research programs can foster the goals of indigenous psychology and cultural psychology and lay out valid descriptions of individual development in their particular cultural contexts and the processes, principles, and critical concepts needed for defining, analyzing, and predicting outcomes of child development-in-context. The project described in this chapter is based on an approach that integrates elements of comparative methodology to serve the aim of describing particular scenarios of child development in unique contexts. The research team of cultural insiders and outsiders allows for a look at American belief systems based on a dialogue of multiple perspectives.

Microfacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Amapa Formation, Late Paleocene to Early Eocene, Foz do Amazonas Basin, Brazil

On the basis of thin-section studies of cuttings and a core from two wells in the Amapa Formation of the Foz do Amazonas Basin, five main microfacies have been recognized within three stratigraphic sequences deposited during the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene. The facies are: 1) Ranikothalia grainstone to packstone facies; 2) ooidal grainstone to packstone facies; 3) larger foraminiferal and red algal grainstone to packstone facies; 4) Amphistegina and Helicostegina packstone facies; and 5) green algal and small benthic foraminiferal grainstone to packstone facies, divisible locally into a green algal and the miliolid foraminiferal subfacies and a green algal and small rotaliine foraminiferal subfacies. The lowermost sequence (Si) was deposited in the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene (biozone LF1, equivalent to P3-P6?) and includes rudaceous grainstones and packstones with large specimens of Ranikothalia bermudezi representative of the mid- and inner ramp. The intermediate and uppermost sequences (S2 and S3) display well-developed lowstand deposits formed at the end of the Late Paleocene (upper biozone LF1) and beginning of the Early Eocene (biozone LF2) on the inner ramp (larger foraminiferal and red algal grainstone to packstone facies), in lagoons (green algal and small benthic foraminiferal facies) and as shoals (ooidal facies) or banks (Amphistegina and Helicostegina facies). Depth and oceanic influence were the main controls on the distribution of these microfacies. Stratal stacking patterns evident within these sequences may well have been related to sea level changes postulated for the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene. During this time, the Amapa Formation was dominated by cyclic sedimentation on a gently sloping ramp. Environmental and ecological stress brought about by sea level change at the end of the biozone LF1 led to the extinction of the larger foraminifera (Ranikothalia bermudezi). (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cocaine effects on mouse incentive-learning and human addiction are linked to alpha 2 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors

Because GABA(A) receptors containing alpha 2 subunits are highly represented in areas of the brain, such as nucleus accumbens (NAcc), frontal cortex, and amygdala, regions intimately involved in signaling motivation and reward, we hypothesized that manipulations of this receptor subtype would influence processing of rewards. Voltage-clamp recordings from NAcc medium spiny neurons of mice with alpha 2 gene deletion showed reduced synaptic GABA(A) receptor-mediated responses. Behaviorally, the deletion abolished cocaine`s ability to potentiate behaviors conditioned to rewards (conditioned reinforcement), and to support behavioral sensitization. In mice with a point mutation in the benzodiazepine binding pocket of alpha 2-GABA(A) receptors (alpha 2H101R), GABAergic neurotransmission in medium spiny neurons was identical to that of WT (i.e., the mutation was silent), but importantly, receptor function was now facilitated by the atypical benzodiazepine Ro 15-4513 (ethyl 8-amido-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo [1,5-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate). In alpha 2H101R, but not WT mice, Ro 15-4513 administered directly into the NAcc-stimulated locomotor activity, and when given systemically and repeatedly, induced behavioral sensitization. These data indicate that activation of alpha 2-GABA(A) receptors (most likely in NAcc) is both necessary and sufficient for behavioral sensitization. Consistent with a role of these receptors in addiction, we found specific markers and haplotypes of the GABRA2 gene to be associated with human cocaine addiction.