Las reparaciones simbólicas en escenarios de justicia transicional

Resumen Cuando una sociedad intenta hacer una transición de situaciones de conflicto armado a paz o de regímenes dictatoriales a democracias, debe tomar decisiones políticas que garanticen los estándares internacionales en materia de derechos de las víctimas de violaciones a derechos humanos, pero que permitan pactos entre las partes implicadas. En este contexto el derecho a la reparación es el centro de álgidos debates. Por eso, en este artículo se propone visibilizar las reparaciones simbólicas como parte de la reparación integral y como importante mecanismo para que las sociedades en transición logren superar los hechos victimizantes sin olvidarlos y para que estos no se repitan; entonces, los simbolismos reparadores buscarán nombrar y dignificar a las víctimas, recordar la verdad y solicitar perdón asumiendo responsabilidades. Abstract When a society tries to make the transition from armed conflict to peace, or dictatorships to democracies, political decisions must be taken to ensure international standards concerning the rights of victims of human rights violations, but allowing agreements between the parts involved. In this context, the right to reparation is the peak center of discussions.So, this article proposes to visualize the symbolic reparations as part of the internal reparation and as an important mechanism so that societies in transition can overcome the victimizing facts without forgetting them, and in order to stop them too. Then, the repairing symbolism would seek to appoint and dignify the victims, to remember the truth, taking responsibilities, and asking for forgiveness.

Optimized methods to digital survey and 3D modelling of cultural heritage assets

Currently making digital 3D models and replicas of the cultural heritage assets play an important role in the preservation and having a high detail source for future research and intervention. In this dissertation, it is tried to assess different methods for digital surveying and making 3D replicas of cultural heritage assets in different scales of size. The methodologies vary in devices, software, workflow, and the amount of skill that is required. The three phases of the 3D modelling process are data acquisition, modelling, and model presentation. Each of these sections is divided into sub-sections and there are several approaches, methods, devices, and software that may be employed, furthermore, the selection process should be based on the operation's goal, available facilities, the scale and properties of the object or structure to be modeled, as well as the operators' expertise and experience. The most key point to remember is that the 3D modelling operation should be properly accurate, precise, and reliable; therefore, there are so many instructions and pieces of advice on how to perform 3D modelling effectively. It is an attempt to compare and evaluate the various ways of each phase in order to explain and demonstrate their differences, benefits, and drawbacks in order to serve as a simple guide for new and/or inexperienced users.