Performance of the CMS cathode strip chambers with cosmic rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47μm to 243μm. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Aligning the CMS muon chambers with the muon alignment system during an extended cosmic ray run

The alignment system for the muon spectrometer of the CMS detector comprises three independent subsystems of optical and analog position sensors. It aligns muon chambers with respect to each other and to the central silicon tracker. System commissioning at full magnetic field began in 2008 during an extended cosmic ray run. The system succeeded in tracking muon detector movements of up to 18 mm and rotations of several milliradians under magnetic forces. Depending on coordinate and subsystem, the system achieved chamber alignment precisions of 140-350 μm and 30-200 μrad, close to the precision requirements of the experiment. Systematic errors on absolute positions are estimated to be 340-590 μm based on comparisons with independent photogrammetry measurements. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Precise mapping of the magnetic field in the CMS barrel yoke using cosmic rays

The CMS detector is designed around a large 4 T superconducting solenoid, enclosed in a 12 000-tonne steel return yoke. A detailed map of the magnetic field is required for the accurate simulation and reconstruction of physics events in the CMS detector, not only in the inner tracking region inside the solenoid but also in the large and complex structure of the steel yoke, which is instrumented with muon chambers. Using a large sample of cosmic muon events collected by CMS in 2008, the field in the steel of the barrel yoke has been determined with a precision of 3 to 8% depending on the location. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in cosmic-ray events

The performance of muon reconstruction in CMS is evaluated using a large data sample of cosmic-ray muons recorded in 2008. Efficiencies of various high-level trigger, identification, and reconstruction algorithms have been measured for a broad range of muon momenta, and were found to be in good agreement with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. The relative momentum resolution for muons crossing the barrel part of the detector is better than 1% at 10 GeV/c and is about 8% at 500 GeV/c, the latter being only a factor of two worse than expected with ideal alignment conditions. Muon charge misassignment ranges from less than 0.01% at 10GeV/c to about 1% at 500 GeV/c. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Aspectos nutricionais de farinhas de vísceras de aves e sua utilização em rações de frangos de corte

In the process of slaughtering chickens, parts of them are discarded because are unfit for human consumption. These wastes should be directed to a destination that does not promote any risk to the environment and above all, according with the laws regulating waste disposal. So, the wastes are transformed into byproducts for utilization in the animal nutrition, poultry and swine feeding, but cannot use for ruminant feed, only non-ruminant feeding. In Brazil, the first scientific studies on the use of by-products of poultry slaughter as a protein source in diets for broiler chickens were started in the 1960's, and these results were used for a long time for food formulation, but the need to improve the herds stimulated the search for improvement in technologies for more accurate diet formulations. The objective of this article is to review some aspects of the physic-chemical composition, energy values and their use in diets for broilers.

O déficit quase-fiscal brasileiro na década de 80

Incluye Bibliografía

Análise e implementação da nova proposta pedagógica estadual para o ensino de língua inglesa no ensino fundamental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de refrigerante a partir de acerola (Malpighia glabra L.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Os mexicas em época de conquista: enunciações de sua alteridade pelos espanhóis e tezcocanos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Regime militar no discurso-memória da Igreja Católica na região metropolitana de São Paulo (1964-1985)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Cálculo e análise de efeitos de campo magnético nos estados eletrônicos de impurezas rasas em materiais semicondutores

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Banco de sementes de plantas daninhas em solo cultivado com pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria humidicola de diferentes idades

Estudou-se o banco de sementes do solo de uma pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha com 4 anos de idade e de pastagens de Brachiaria humidicola com 4, 15 e 20 anos de idade, localizadas no nordeste do Estado do Pará. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da espécie forrageira e da idade da pastagem no tamanho e na composição do banco de sementes de plantas daninhas do solo. Cada pastagem foi dividida em cinco áreas de aproximadamente 500 m², sendo retiradas, de cada área, 10 subamostras de solo na profundidade de 0-10 cm. Cada amostra composta das 10 subamostras de solo foi homogeneizada, identificada, distribuída em bandeja de plástico e levada para germinar em casa de vegetação durante um período de 15 meses. O banco de sementes do solo da pastagem de B. brizantha foi em torno de 10 vezes menor que o da pastagem de B. humidicola de mesma idade. Com relação ao efeito da idade da pastagem, entre as pastagens de B. humidicola, o banco de sementes foi menor naquela de 20 anos de idade (1.247 sementes m-2), não tendo sido detectada diferença significativa entre as pastagens de 15 (11.602 sementes m-2) e 4 (9.486 sementes m-2) anos de idade. As famílias botânicas Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae e Labiateae foram as de maior predominância entre as plantas daninhas infestantes da área, em todos os tratamentos estudados.