604 resultados para RIS
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This paper presents the formulation of a combinatorial optimization problem with the following characteristics: (i) the search space is the power set of a finite set structured as a Boolean lattice; (ii) the cost function forms a U-shaped curve when applied to any lattice chain. This formulation applies for feature selection in the context of pattern recognition. The known approaches for this problem are branch-and-bound algorithms and heuristics that explore partially the search space. Branch-and-bound algorithms are equivalent to the full search, while heuristics are not. This paper presents a branch-and-bound algorithm that differs from the others known by exploring the lattice structure and the U-shaped chain curves of the search space. The main contribution of this paper is the architecture of this algorithm that is based on the representation and exploration of the search space by new lattice properties proven here. Several experiments, with well known public data, indicate the superiority of the proposed method to the sequential floating forward selection (SFFS), which is a popular heuristic that gives good results in very short computational time. In all experiments, the proposed method got better or equal results in similar or even smaller computational time. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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o presente estudo objetiva levantar, a partir da anãlise das atitudes dos alfabetizadores, a possibilidade de inferências acerca de um certo estilo perceptivo do alfabetizador frente ao MOBRAL e ate que ponto esse estilo afeta o desempenho docente. Pretende,tambem, caracterizar o al fabetizador, apontando a relação entre algumas de suas caracteristicas e suas percepçoes. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, realizado no Municipio do Rio de Janeiro, que apresentaI como amostra, 33,46% da população de professo - res das classes de alfabetização funcional, originadas dos convênios firma dos pelo MOBRAL, no segundo semestre de 1977. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizaram-se formulãrios que foram respondidos pelos 91 sujeitos da pesquisa e seus respectivos supervisores. A avaliação do alfabetizador apresenta-se sob dois enfoques: o do superviior e o dos resultados dos alunos, obtidos nos testes de Leitura, Escrita e Cãlculo. A hipótese substantiva que orienta o estudo - a percepçao do professor das classes de alfabetização funcional afeta o seu desempenho - foi confirmada quanto à avaliação realizada pelo supervisor (correlação li near = 0,43) e infirmada quanto aos resultados dos alunos (correlação li near = 0,10). No que diz respeito às caracteristicas dos alfabetizadores, observa- se que os professores mais novos e os de nivel de escolaridade mais alto foram os que receberam melhores notas do supervisor e apresentaram m~ nor rendimento quanto aos resultados dos alunos. A pesquisa ainda apresenta informações dos professores em relaçao a diferentes aspectos do MOBRAL, destacando-se: o efetivo oferecimento de classes, o perfeito entrosamento entre alfabetizadores e alunos, a falta de discussão do conceito de alfabetização funcional e a necessidade de melhorar o desempenho dos alfabetizadores em relação ã exploração do cartaz gerador e ã utilização do trabalho de grupo. Tudo faz crer que, apesar da diferença de nível de escolaridade (grande incidência dos alfabetizadores com 2Q grau - habilitação magist~ rio) entre professores e alunos, observa-se que ambos se aproximam, apresentando tambem o professor, uma passividade, um conformismo que o faz aceitar a realidade a sua volta, entusiasmar-se e a ela dedicar-se sem, porem, problematizá-la.
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A Doença de Marek é uma enfermidade linfoproliferativa das aves, causada por um alfaherpesvírus e caracterizada pela infiltração de células em nervos periféricos, gônadas, íris, vísceras, músculos e pele. Desde 1970, vacinas atenuadas têm sido utilizadas como ferramenta principal no controle da doença. Esse trabalho descreve a implantação da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR) para a titulação de vacinas contra o vírus da doença de Marek do sorotipo 3, herpesvírus dos perus (HVT). A qPCR foi comparada com a técnica tradicional de titulação, baseada no cultivo celular de fibroblastos de embrião de galinha. Foram avaliadas três vacinas vivas (congeladas, cepa FC126) provenientes de distintos fabricantes. A técnica molecular apresentou alta correlação entre os valores de threshold cycle (CT) e respectivas diluições das vacinas (R2 = 0,99), indicando que, dentro desta faixa linear testada (102 a 104 PFU/dose), a qPCR foi capaz de quantificar as vacinas disponíveis no mercado. A reprodutibilidade da titulação em cultivo celular e qPCR foi avaliada pela realização dos testes em três dias distintos a partir de ampolas de um mesmo lote da vacina. Os títulos obtidos por ambos os métodos demonstraram alta reprodutibilidade e coerência com o fornecido pelo fabricante. Caracterizou-se também a proporção de vírus livres e associados às células, onde foi observado que, pelo menos, 90% dos vírus encontravamse na forma associada. Este trabalho indicou que a qPCR é reprodutível, rápida e menos trabalhosa do que a titulação em cultivo celular tradicionalmente utilizada.
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Extreme rainfall events have triggered a significant number of flash floods in Madeira Island along its past and recent history. Madeira is a volcanic island where the spatial rainfall distribution is strongly affected by its rugged topography. In this thesis, annual maximum of daily rainfall data from 25 rain gauge stations located in Madeira Island were modelled by the generalised extreme value distribution. Also, the hypothesis of a Gumbel distribution was tested by two methods and the existence of a linear trend in both distributions parameters was analysed. Estimates for the 50– and 100–year return levels were also obtained. Still in an univariate context, the assumption that a distribution function belongs to the domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution for monthly maximum rainfall data was tested for the rainy season. The available data was then analysed in order to find the most suitable domain of attraction for the sampled distribution. In a different approach, a search for thresholds was also performed for daily rainfall values through a graphical analysis. In a multivariate context, a study was made on the dependence between extreme rainfall values from the considered stations based on Kendall’s τ measure. This study suggests the influence of factors such as altitude, slope orientation, distance between stations and their proximity of the sea on the spatial distribution of extreme rainfall. Groups of three pairwise associated stations were also obtained and an adjustment was made to a family of extreme value copulas involving the Marshall–Olkin family, whose parameters can be written as a function of Kendall’s τ association measures of the obtained pairs.
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The starting point of the present work consisted of investigating the development of biotechnology in the Northeast region of Brazil from the perspective of a Regional Innovation System (RIS). The theoretical framework adopted relied on the approaches and concepts presented by the Neo-Schumpeterian perspective. This framework was chosen because, by means of the Innovation System concept, this literature allows us to analyze the relationships and configurations of actors, as well as the role of the state and of social, science and technology, and economic policies in the studied region. The analysis considered four selected dimensions: physical infrastructure, human capital, scientific production, and funding. These variables were chosen because they allow us to verify the possibilities and limitations of developing a biotechnology RIS in the Northeast of Brazil, and these elements would help in answering the question behind this dissertation. The location of the physical infrastructure was determined by means of bibliographic and documental research and interviews with heads of institutions that do biotechnology research. Regarding human capital, the analysis focused on resource training in biotechnology, highlighting graduate courses and research groups in the area. To measure knowledge production, we delimited scientific collaboration among researchers in the field of biotechnology as the focus of this category. For the funding dimension, information was gathered from reports available at the websites of national and state funding agencies. The data was analyzed through method triangulation, involving quantitative and qualitative research stages. To back the analyses, we revisited the integration policies in the area of Science, Technology and Innovation. Our analysis has shown that these policies play a crucial role in the development of biotechnology in the region being studied. The data revealed that the physical infrastructure is concentrated in only three states (Bahia, Ceará, and Pernambuco). In this regard, the Northeast Biotechnology Network (Renorbio) stands out as a strategic actor, enabling states with poor infrastructure to develop research through partnerships with institutions located in another state. We have also verified that the practices involving human resource training and knowledge production are factors that enable the emergence of a regional system for biotechnology in the studied region. As limitations, we have verified the low immersion level of regional actors, the heterogeneity of socioeconomic indicators, the lack of financial resources, and a low innovation culture in the business sector. Overall, we have concluded that the development of a Regional Innovation System in Biotechnology, based on the current regional dynamics, depends on an effective change in the behavior of the social agents involved, both in the national and regional dimensions as well as in the public and private spheres
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Our object of study in this work concerns to the movement of fight for the housing in the Great João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, and looks for to investigate the conditions and context of the occupations of building, public or private, for devoid populations that do not have where to live. Front to the absence of politics effective directed to the habitation or the cities, in a picture of unemployment and impoverishment of the population, the result of the habitation point of view, is the absolute lack of popular housings, the degradation of the cities and the growth of the number of homeless and also of its occupations. The urban occupations today represent a reply of these devoid populations that from an involvement with parties or Not Governmental Organizations, and social movements leave for the class action known by the occupation of abandoning public or private buildings. These occupations, even so initially if assume as pressure instrument or of visibility for attainment of housings, for the delay in obtaining the attention of the public agencies and a solution for the problem, becomes definitive or is drawn out per many years. E this if gives although the deficiencies, of the accumulation or families neither in an adequate, always precarious space nor in sanitary installations, that the necessary privacy does not allow. The study it consisted of an empirical research, through the participant comment and open and half-open interviews, and counted on the audiovisual register of two occupations, one in the downtown of João Pessoa City (old building of the INSS, in the Ponto dos Cem Réis) and other (Community of the Cajueiro), next to the Beach "Praia do Jacaré", in the city of Cabedelo.The choice of the Visual Anthropology as research instrument is on to a concern in better translating other ways of life, therefore the accomplishment of the video in allows them to know with more precision the reality where the citizens of the research live. We also use as methodological resource in the research the deepened interview, in intention to better understand the description of the way of life of the studied families and the movements of fight for the housing, particularly the MDM - Movement of Right for the Housing, and the MNLM- Nacional Movement of Fight for the Housing
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Refletir sobre o campo saúde do(a) trabalhador(a) é o objetivo deste estudo. Busca-se sublinhar o significado das condições de trabalho para o ser humano do ponto de vista da saúde. A premissa não é quantificar, mas inferir que as condições de trabalho podem gerar danos à saúde, mas nem sempre apresentam de imediato a sua relação com o trabalho. São discutidas, a partir da abordagem qualitativa, três situações, as quais contemplam os trabalhos rural, informal e infantil e, como resultado, verifica-se a contradição da categoria trabalho, que, se por um lado é sinônimo de sociabilidade, por outro, contraditoriamente, constitui-se em mecanismo de exclusão social na medida em que é realizado sem o reconhecimento dos direitos sociais e trabalhistas. Verifica-se a expansão de formas de trabalho sem regulamentação, tais como o domiciliar e o familiar e os realizados em locais como a rua e o lixo. Encerra-se a reflexão com destaque ao papel do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na assistência integral à saúde dos(as) trabalhadores(as) e ao desafio de atuar na perspectiva de prevenção e promoção da saúde do trabalhador de modo integrado e articulado aos demais órgãos públicos que atuam nesta área.
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Having as reference the fundamentals of regional innovation systems (RIS) and the policy guidelines defined in the regionalization program implemented by the federal government, this study focus on the analysis of the so-called "Landmark Region", northern coast of Polo Costa das Dunas-RN, in order to indicate how the historical and cultural resources can support innovation in the tourism of the region, represented here by the cities of Pedra Grande and São Miguel do Gostoso. This is a descriptive research, using qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, configuring, still, as a case study. Data were gathered from literature, documents, semi-structured interviews and mainly by participant observation methods. The results show a great diversity of cultural resources in the region, both material and immaterial, which however are disarticulated, and need to be worked in order to be included in the tourism productive chain. The main opportunity for innovation regards the return of the Landmark to the region, an invaluable monument, with the construction of a memorial. Taking in account the relevance of the monument and the growth of the region, we conclude that the return of the Landmark to its place of origin, in conjunction with other cultural resources, could attract a flow of cultural tourists. This fact could be, as the theory suggests, characterized as market or niche innovation, as the region is dominated by the sun and sea and wind sports tourism
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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O presente artigo aborda as aproximações do teatro do oprimido na modalidade do arco-íris do desejo, método de terapia e teatro criado por Augusto Boal com a Psicologia, em especial com o psicodrama. O teatro do oprimido é frequentemente comparado e até mesmo confundido com o psicodrama, daí a necessidade de apontarmos algumas semelhanças e diferenças entre os dois métodos, as teorias que inspiraram seus criadores, bem como os objetivos que procuravam alcançar. Procuraremos problematizar o uso das técnicas do arco-íris do desejo considerando a função e a preparação do curinga para aplicá-las, seu manejo, bem como o lugar de autoridade que lhe é conferido. As técnicas boalianas devem ser utilizadas com o devido cuidado, pois é necessário não perder de vista as possíveis consequências que o seu uso indevido pode provocar nos participantes, posto que são técnicas mobilizadoras de fortes conteúdos emocionais.