Fred Herz seated on a car hood on a country road; Harzfahrt (Harz Mountains), Germany.

Digital Image

Mathias family preparing to board the ship "Deutschland" to emigrate from Germany to New York Portraits; Family

On January 6, 1938 our family left Nazi Germany and boarded a ship "Deutschland" for New York. This ended our family's life in Germany forever. Rudolph ES Mathias.

Studio portrait of Emilie?; Görlitz, Germany Portraits Women

Verso: handwritten dedication signed Emilie

Under Swastika and the French flag.

The memoirs were originally written for the Harvard University competition in 1940 and were translated by the author in 2001. Reflections on his childhood in Germany and Austria. His parents were both from Poland. They moved to Vienna in 1921, where his father opened a haberdashery store in the Second district (Leopoldstadt). Otto attended primary school in Czerningasse. Birth of his sister Cecile in 1924. After his failing business endeavors his father decided to move back to Germany, where the family opened a department store in Elbing, East Prussia. Otto attended Gymnasium, where he was one of only two Jewish students in his class. Growing Nazi movement among students. Summer vacations on the Baltic Sea. Private piano lessons. Hitler’s rise in Germany and life under National Socialism. Bar mitzvah in 1933. Anti-Jewish boycotts. His father fled to Vienna in order to escape a rounding up of Jews. The family followed soon after to Austria. Otto attended Gymnasium in the Zirkusgasse and started to work as a tutor. Member of a youth group and hiking tours in the mountains. Recollections of the Anschluss in 1938. Fervent attempts to obtain an exit visa for the United States, where they had a relative in New York. Description of discriminations and frequent attacks on Jewish friends and relatives in the weeks after the Anschluss. Otto was picked up by Nazi stormtroops. He was forced to hold up an anti-Jewish sign and was walked up and down, receiving beatings and spittings in front of a jeering crowd. Detailed account of the atmosphere within the Jewish population. The Gymnasium Zirkusgasse was transferred into a Jewish school. Frequent attacks of Hitler Youths on the students. Preparations for the “Matura” despite the turmoil. In June of 1938 his father was arrested and sent to Dachau concentration camp. After passing the final exams, Otto planned on leaving the country illegally, since he was subject to the Polish quota for the United States with

How to find your ancestors in Germany 1984

Paper presented at the Fourth National Seminar on Jewish genealogy, Evanston, IL, July 22-25, 1984.

Dwelling house in a sacred space: reused synagogues in Germany.

Contribution to the Congress " Sacred and Secular Buildings," Washington, May 1999, describing a project of the Institute of Architecture at the Technical University of Braunschweig in cooperation with the Center for Jewish Art in Jerusalem, which has been working on a documentation of synagogues, cemetery chapels, and ritual baths in Germany since 1994.

"... I want an Ocean between us!" : Letters from Samuel Kahn, devoted father of one of the thousand children brought from Germany to the United States in 1934.

The manuscript contains letters written by Samuel Kahn to his daughter in the USA between 1934 and 1937.

Ehrenberg-Rosenzweig Family Collection 1772-1930

The collection contains correspondence among members of the Ehrenberg and Rosenzweig families, including letters from Franz Rosenzweig, Adam Rosenzweig and Richard Ehrenberg, as well as with other parties, including Leopold Zunz, Adelheid Zunz, Claire von Gluemer, and Heinrich Heine (copies only). Also included are engagement contracts, marriage banns, school curricula and certificates, character references, eulogies, family histories, and other documents concerning family members. This material also reflects much of the history of the Samsonschule in Wolfenbuettel of which members of the Ehrenberg family were principals.

EU Multi-level Governance in the Making - The Community Initiative LEADER+ in Finland and Germany

In order to fully understand the process of European integration it is of paramount importance to consider developments at the sub-national and local level. EU integration scholars shifted their attention to the local level only at the beginning of the 1990s with the concept of multi-level governance (MLG). While MLG is the first concept to scrutinise the position of local levels of public administration and other actors within the EU polity, I perceive it as too optimistic in the degree of influence it ascribes to local levels. Thus, learning from and combining MLG with other concepts, such as structural constructivism, helps to reveal some of the hidden aspects of EU integration and paint a more realistic picture of multi-level interaction. This thesis also answers the call for more case studies in order to conceptualise MLG further. After a critical study of theories and concepts of European integration, above all, MLG, I will analyse sub-national and local government in Finland and Germany. I show how the sub-national level and local governments are embedded in the EU s multi-level structure of governance and how, through EU integration, those levels have been empowered but also how their scope of action has partially decreased. After theoretical and institutional contextualisation, I present the results of my empirical study of the EU s Community Initiative LEADER+. LEADER stands for Liaison Entre Actions de Développement de l'Économie Rurale , and aims at improving the economic conditions in Europe s rural areas. I was interested in how different actors construct and shape EU financed rural development, especially in how local actors organised in so-called local action groups (LAGs) cooperate with other administrative units within the LEADER+ administrative chain. I also examined intra-institutional relations within those groups, in order to find out who are the most influential and powerful actors within them. Empirical data on the Finnish and German LAGs was first gathered through a survey, which was then supplemented and completed by interviewing LAG members, LAG-managers, several civil servants from Finnish and German decision-making and managing authorities and a civil servant from the EU Commission. My main argument is that in both Germany and Finland, the Community Initiative LEADER+ offered a space for multi-level interaction and local-level involvement, a space that on the one hand consists of highly motivated people actively contributing to the improvement of the quality of life and economy in Europe s countryside but which is dependent and also restricted by national administrative practices, implementation approaches and cultures on the other. In Finland, the principle of tri-partition (kolmikantaperiaatte) in organising the executive committees of LAGs is very noticeable. In comparison to Germany, for instance, the representation of public administration in those committees is much more limited due to this principle. Furthermore, the mobilisation of local residents and the bringing together of actors from the local area with different social and institutional backgrounds to become an active part of LEADER+ was more successful in Finland than in Germany. Tri-partition as applied in Finland should serve as a model for similar policies in other EU member states. EU integration changed the formal and informal inter-institutional relations linking the different levels of government. The third sector including non-governmental institutions and interest groups gained access to policy-making processes and increasingly interact with government institutions at all levels of public administration. These developments do not necessarily result in the empowering of the local level.

Opiskelijaliikkeen äärilaidalta populaarikulttuurin hahmoiksi ja 2000-luvun alussa Rote Armee Fraktion Der Spiegel -lehden sivuilla 1970-luvulla

Työ käsittelee vasemmistoradikalismia ilmiönä ja erityisesti kyseisen ilmiön eri vaiheita. Tarkempana tarkastelukohtana on Rote Armee Fraktion (RAF) -niminen vasemmistovallankumouksellinen ryhmä, joka toimi Saksan liittotasavallassa vuosina 1970-1998. Ryhmää tarkastellaan siltä kannalta, kuinka uutislehti Der Spiegel on en toimintaa eri aikoina tulkinnut. Alkuperäislähteenä on käytetty pääasiassa saksalaisessa Der Spiegel - viikkolehdessä ilmestyneitä ryhmää käsitteleviä artikkeleita. Erityistä painoa on laitettu sille, miten ryhmän toiminnassa ja toimintaympäristössä tapahtuneet muutokset ovat vaikuttaneet eri ajankohtina julkaistuissa artikkeleissa näkyvissä oleviin tapoihin käsitellä ryhmää ilmiönä. Tarkastelu on rajattu koskemaan lähinnä vuosia 1970. 1977. 2007 ja 2008. Lisäksi mukaan on valikoitu vuosilta 1968. 1972 ja 1975 muutamia yksittäisiä artikkeleita. Aihe liittyy osaltaan keskusteluun sekä opiskelijaliikkeen radikalisoitumisesta 1960-ja 1970-lukujen vaihteessa että terrorismista laajempana ilmiönä. Tutkimustavoitetta lähestytään kolmen eri teeman kautta. Ensimmäisenä teemana tarkastellaan RAF:iin liittyviä artikkeleita siltä kannalta, mitä nimitystä ryhmästä on milloinkin käytetty. Toisena sitä. missä vaiheessa Der Spiegelissä alettiin pitää ryhmän toimintaa terrorismina ja toimijoita terroristeina ia kolmantena temaattisena aiheena analysoidaan sitä. millaista kirjoitustyyliä on ryhmää koskevissa artikkeleissa eri aikoina käytetty. Vuoden 1977 vaikutus siihen, kuinka ryhmästä kirjoitetaan vielä 2000-luvun alussa, on ollut suuri. Kun vielä RAF:n terroriaallon ollessa kovimmillaan syksyllä 1977 kerrottiin Der Spiegelissä ryhmän pitäneen Länsi-Saksaa polvillaan edeltäneet kaksi vuotta, puhuttiin vuonna 2007 seitsemästä vuodesta. Samanaikaisesti kun 2000-luvulla kirjoitetuissa artikkeleissa annetaan ryhmälle koko sen toiminnan ajaksi se asema ja nimi, jotka se oikeastaan lopulta sai vasta syksyn 1977 myötä ja vain muutamaksi kuukaudeksi, on artikkeleissa tyylillisesti kuitenkin palattu lähemmäs 1970-luvun alkua. Heti ryhmän perustamisen jälkeen ei sitä otettu vakavana yhteiskunnallisena toimijana ja tämä näkyi Der Spiegelin uutisoinnissa viihteellisenä kerrontatyylinä. Terroriaallon ollessa pahimmillaan ei tällainen kerrontatyyli ollut käytössä vaan RAF liitettiin osaksi laajempaa terrorismi-ilmiötä. Sen sijaan vuonna 2007 ilmestyneessä artikkelisarjassa jälleen palattiin samanlaiseen suorastaan vallankumousromantiikalla leikittelevään kerrontatyyliin. Näin Der Spiegelin tuli piirtäneeksi lähes neljässäkymmenessä vuodessa pitkän kaaren opiskelijaliikkeen äärilaidan radikalisoitumisesta 1960- ja 1970-lukujen vaihteessa aina Saksan liittotasavallan tuomiseen polvilleen 1977 ja yli kolmekymmentä vuotta aikaisemmin selleissään kuolleiden RAF-johtohahmojen muodostumiseen osaksi populaarikulttuuria 2000-luvun alussa.

Economic measurement in public welfare economics : practical experiences on the regional level in Germany

Resumen: ¿Cuál es el precio justo para la asistencia social? Este artículo muestra que la medición económica efectuada en mercados basados en el valor de los servicios prestados podría responder esta pregunta. La medición económica puede hacer lo mismo en distintos campos del trabajo social aplicando diferentes métodos, tales como ofertas públicas o negociaciones calificadas. Después de dar un breve panorama teórico, se presentan y analizan en detalle dos proyectos alemanes. El artículo muestra cómo la introducción de mecanismos de negociación en la asistencia social expresados en términos de resultados pueden traer efectos positivos para las finanzas públicas, así como también para el bien común.