El pensamiento crítico de influencia cristiana en la historia de la filosofía latinoamericana desde la colonia hasta la independencia

In this reseach concerning the history of the ideas in our America, are mentioned the conspicuos men, who struggled for the liberation of the poor people and for the social justice and our political independence.

En torno de Desiderio Erasmo y de Laus Stultitiae

El presente artículo aborda el Elogio de la Estulticia, con motivo del quingentésimo aniversario de su concepción. El artículo se ocupa del humanismo erasmiano, del humanismo de la Biblia y de la filosofía de Cristo (philosophia Christi), tanto como de la indefectible animadversión erasmiana respecto de la filosofía y la teología escolásticas, paladina en el legendario opúsculo erasmiano.

RICORDACI: Research on the Conservation, Restoration and Diagnosis of Cinematographic Films

This thesis is the result of the RICORDACI project, a three-year European-funded initiative involving the collaboration between the University of Bologna and the restoration laboratory of the Cineteca di Bologna, L'immagine Ritrovata, which aimed to develop innovative solutions and technologies for the preservation of cinematographic film heritage. In particular, this thesis presents new analytical methodologies to exploit two types of portable miniaturized Near Infrared spectrometers working in Diffuse Reflectance over the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) range, to study the near infrared (NIR) spectral behavior of film base materials for an accurate, non-invasive and fast characterization of the polymer type; and for films with cellulose acetate supports, they can be employed as a diagnostic tool for monitoring the Degree of substitution (DS) affected by the loss of acetyl groups. The proposed methods offer non-invasive, fast, inexpensive and simple alternatives for the characterization and diagnosis of film bases to help the strategic planning and decision-making regarding storage, digitalization and intervention of film collections. Secondly, the thesis includes the evaluation of new green cleaning systems and solvents for the effective, fast and innocuous removal of undesired substances from degraded cinematographic films bases; these tests compared the efficiency of traditional systems and solvents against the new proposals. Firstly, the use of Deep Eutectic Solvent formulations for removing softened gelatin residues from cellulose nitrate bases; and secondly, the employment of green volatile solvents with different application methods, including the use of new electrospun nylon mats, for avoiding the dangerous use of friction for the removal of Triphenyl Phosphate blooms from the surface of cellulose acetate bases. The results obtained will help improving the efficiency of the interventions needed before the digitalization of historical cinematographic films and will pave the way for further investigation on the use of green solvents for cleaning polymeric heritage objects.