Dislocation theory of the fracture criterion for anisotropic solids

A dislocation theory of fracture criterion for the mixed dislocation emission and cleavage process in an anisotropic solid is developed in this paper. The complicated cases involving mixed-mode loading are considered here. The explicit formula for dislocations interaction with a semi-infinite crack is obtained. The governing equation for the critical condition of crack cleavage in an anisotropic solid after a number dislocation emissions is established. The effects of elastic anisotropy, crack geometry and load phase angle on the critical energy release rate and the total number of the emitted dislocations at the onset of cleavage are analysed in detail. The analyses revealed that the critical energy release rates can increase to one or two magnitudes larger than the surface energy because of the dislocation emission. It is also found elastic anisotropy and crystal orientation have significant effects on the critical energy release rates. The anisotropic values can be several times the isotropic value in one crack orientation. The values may be as much as 40% less than the isotropic value in another crack orientation and another anisotropy parameter. Then the theory is applied to a fee single crystal. An edge dislocation can emit from the crack tip along the most highly shear stressed slip plane. Crack cleavage can occur along the most highly stressed slip plane after a number of dislocation emissions. Calculation is carried out step by step. Each step we should judge by which slip system is the most highly shear stressed slip system and which slip system has the largest energy release rate. The calculation clearly shows that the crack orientation and the load phase angle have significant effects on the crystal brittle-ductile behaviours.

Micro-Fracture Toughness in a Nanoceramic Composite

Micro-fracture toughness in one nanoceramic composite, Al_2O_3/SiC_{nano}, is measured by Nanoindentation tests. Microscopy is adopted to probe that all nanoindentations are local at Al_2O_3, matrix component of the current composite and measure length of radial micro-cracks at corriers of nanoindentation. The measured fracture toughness at the shallow indentation is higher than those at deeper ones. Relations between micro-toughness and peak loads as well as peak depths are discussed. And an analysis to the energy consumed during the indentation and fracture toughness explained that, the lower fracture toughness measured in the deeper impression probably resulted from its fracture modes yielded by higher load and larger depth.

Numerical Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration in the Slope with a Fracture

With the finite volume method, a 2D numerical model for seepage in unsaturated soil has been established to study the rainfall infiltration in the fractured slope.The result shows that more rain may infiltrate into the slope due to existing fracture and then the pore pressure rises correspondingly. Very probably, it is one of the crucial factors accounting for slope failure. Furthermore a preliminary study has been conducted to investigate the influence of various fracture and rainfall factors such as the depth, width and location of a crack, surface condition, rainfall intensity and duration. Pore pressure and water volumetric content during the transient seepage are carefully examined to reveal the intrinsic mechanism.

A new model for the energy release rate of fibre/matrix interfacial fracture

On the basis of the well-known shear-lag analysis of fibre/matrix interface stresses and the assumption of identical axial strains in the fibre and matrix, a new model for predicting the energy release rate of interfacial fracture of the fibre pull-out test model is attempted. The expressions for stresses in the fibre, matrix and interface are derived. The formula for interfacial debonding energy release rate is given. Numerical calculations are conducted and the results obtained are compared with those of the existing models.

Investigation of Dynamic Fracture Toughness under Compressive-Shear Combinede Stress Wave Loading

提出亚微秒单脉冲应力波载荷作用下II型裂纹的平板冲击实验技术。加载率为dK/dt-10~8MPa·m~{”/d}·s~{-1}。实验中由锰铜应力片和弹性波理论分别测定和计算了压应力；通过微观分析确定了动态裂纹的平均扩展长度；引进等效应力强度因子,用动态断裂理论确定了60号钢的动态断裂韧性K_{Id}和K_{IId}；建立了亚微秒冲击载荷作用下确定材料动态断裂韧性的方法。

Two critical crack propagating velocities for PMMA fracture surface

Ultrasonic fractography and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) are used to determine the direct relationship between the fracture surface morphology and the main crack velocity during the rapid rupture of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Two critical crack velocities are found for the fracture. Quasi-parabolic markings will appear when the crack speed exceeds the first critical speed. Crack propagating at speed above the second critical speed leaves a thicket of small branches penetrating the surface behind them. Both critical speeds are functions of the thickness of the specimens.

A simple approach to the evaluation of fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength and fracture toughness

On the basis of microscopical analyses of the fiber distribution and longitudinal shear deformation in unidirectional fiber composites, a simple approach is presented for characterizing the interfacial sheer strength and fracture toughness.

A New Finite Element Method for Strain Gradient Theories and Applications to Fracture Analyses

A new compatible finite element method for strain gradient theories is presented. In the new finite element method, pure displacement derivatives are taken as the fundamental variables. The new numerical method is successfully used to analyze the simple strain gradient problems – the fundamental fracture problems. Through comparing the numerical solutions with the existed exact solutions, the effectiveness of the new finite element method is tested and confirmed. Additionally, an application of the Zienkiewicz–Taylor C1 finite element method to the strain gradient problem is discussed. By using the new finite element method, plane-strain mode I and mode II crack tip fields are calculated based on a constitutive law which is a simple generalization of the conventional J2 deformation plasticity theory to include strain gradient effects. Three new constitutive parameters enter to characterize the scale over which strain gradient effects become important. During the analysis the general compressible version of Fleck–Hutchinson strain gradient plasticity is adopted. Crack tip solutions, the traction distributions along the plane ahead of the crack tip are calculated. The solutions display the considerable elevation of traction within the zone near the crack tip.

Fractals and Scaling in Fracture Induced by Microcrack Coalescence

A numerical model is proposed to simulate fracture induced by the coalescence of numerous microcracks, in which the condition for coalescence between two randomly nucleated microcracks is determined in terms of a load-sharing principle. The results of the simulation show that, as the number density of nucleated microcracks increases, stochastic coalescence first occurs followed by a small fluctuation, and finally a newly nucleated microcrack triggers a cascade coalescence of microcracks resulting in catastrophic failure. The fracture profiles exhibit self-affine fractal characteristics with a universal roughness exponent, but the critical damage threshold is sensitive to details of the model. The spatiotemporal distribution of nucleated microcracks in the vicinity of critical failure follows a power-law behaviour, which implies that the microcrack system may evolve to a critical state.

Effects of Nanostructures on the Fracture Strength of the Interfaces in Nacre

A strengthening mechanism arising from a type of inorganic nanostructure in the organic matrix layers is presented by studying the structural and mechanical properties of the interfaces in nacre. This nanostructural mechanism not only averagely increases the fracture strength of the organic matrix interfaces by about 5 times, but also effectively arrests the cracks in the organic matrix layers and causes the crack deflection in this biomaterial. The present investigation shows that the main mechanism governing the strength of the organic matrix interfaces relies on the inorganic nanostructures rather than the organic matrix. This study provides a guide to the interfacial design of synthetic materials.