Numerical simulations of Lamb waves in plates using a semi-analytical finite element method

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Maschinenbau, Diss., 2011

Motor and cognitive development of selected Egyptian and German primary school aged children : a cross-cultural study

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Humanwiss., Diss., 2013

Efeito de bicarbonato de sódio, feno e bagaço "in natura" sobre a digestibilidade e o desempenho de zebuínos em crescimento alimentados com bagaço de cana auto-hidrolisado

O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar "in natura" (BIN) associado ou não ao bicarbonato de sódio foi testado como substituto do feno de gramínea como fonte de fibra longa para rações de ruminantes balanceadas com altas proporções de bagaço auto-hidrolisado (BAH). A ração básica (I) continha 54% BAH; 10% milho grão; 25% farelo de algodão; 8% feno de gramínea; 0,9% calcáreo; 0,5% uréia; e 1,5% premix mineral, base seca. As rações II e III continham BIN e BIN mais bicarbonato de sódio (1,1%, base seca) respectivamente em substituição ao feno de gramínea da ração I. Foram usados bovinos Nelore machos não castrados e fêmeas (18 de cada sexo) em crescimento com médias iniciais de peso vivo e idade de 199 kg e 11 meses. O delineamento estatístico usado foi um fatorial com 3 rações e dois sexos, com dois animais por parcela. O período de adaptação foi de 15 dias e o experimental de 87 dias. Os dados para GPV (kg/dia); ingestão de MS (% PV); conversão alimentar (kg MS/Kg GPV); e pH fecal foram de: 0,909; 2,79; 7,41; e 6,46 para a ração I; 0,867; 2,65; 7,24; e 6,57 para a ração II; e 1,019; 2,88; 7,03 e 6,73 para a ração III. A ração III foi superior rações I e II para ganho de peso (P < 0,05), e apresentou um pH fecal maior do que o da ração I (P < 0,05). Os machos foram superiores às fêmeas em ganho de peso (1,044 vs 0,820; P < 0,01) e conversão alimentar (6,7vs7,7kg MS/Kg GPV; P < 0,01). Foi observada uma correlação negativa signi ficativa (P < 0,05) entre conversão alimentar e pH fecal (r =-0,50). Os elevados níveis de consumo (2,8% PV), o baixo pH do BAH (2,9 a 3,4), e a aparente baixa atividade de ruminação observados sugerem que o pH, a nível de rume e de trato digestivo inferior, é um fator limitante em dietas com altas proporções de BAH.

Recent advances in pharmacologic study of natural anticancer agents in China

In this paper a number of anticancer agents of natural origin will be presented. Hydroxycamtothecin (HCPT) was found to produce a strong inhibitory action on a variety of animal tumors. It is also effective for treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma, liver carcinoma, tumor of head and neck or leukemia. Pharmacologic studies showed that it could depress S phase of tumor cells significantly and cause formation of cellular chromatid breaks. By means of alkaline elution and nick translation methods it has been proved that HCPT induced DNA singlo strand breaks remarkably. Homoharringyonine (hhrt) was shown to be effective against acute leukemia. Recent experiments in tumor-bearing mice inidcated that (HHRT) could diminish tumor metastasis. Using molecular hybridization technique it was demonstrated that (HHRT) decreased the content of c-myc RNA in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei. Lycobetaine (LBT) poddrddrf dytnh inhibitory effects on a number of ascites tumors. In clinical trials it was against ovarian and gastric carcinomas. It is able to intercalate into DNA. Oxalysine (OXL) is a new antibiotic and shown to be effective against tumor metastatis. When used in combination with 5-FU, its anticancer action could be enhanced. Other natural compounds such as indirubin, ß-elemene, irisquinone, oridonine, norcantharidin and PSP have been also found to possess antitumor action.

The research on radioprotective agents in Chinese materia medica

A series of studies has been carried out in the field of traditional medicine for searching radio-protective agents. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, may prescriptions were tested with experimental animals. Some of them could raise the survival rate of dogs irradiated with lethal dose of Pi-rays by 30-40%. Some symptoms of radiation sickness could be improved. More than one thousand kinds of Chinese herbs were screened. Some of them have pronounced radioprotectice activities. A series of bioactive components wee isolated from these herbs. The mechanism of radiation protection were studied. Having the capability of hemopoietic system and immune system may be the characteristics of these Chinese herbs.

Scepticism Revisited

Liberalism claims that for a subject S to be justified in believing p, a proposition about the external world, on the basis of his senses it is not necessary to be antecedently justified in believing propositions as there is an external world. On the other hand, conservatism claims that to be justified in believing that p on the basis of one’s perception, one must have antecedent justification to believe that p. Intuitively, we are inclined to think that liberalism about the structure of perceptual justification fits better with our epistemic practices. We acknowledge that, although we cannot produce warrant for the background belief in the external world, our empirical beliefs can be perceptually justified. However, I am interested in arguing that conservatism is theoretically better supported than liberalism. The first reason to defend this is based on the fact that in embracing liberalism dogmatism is affected by pervasive problems. The second one comes from recognizing the strength of the argument based on the thesis that experience is theory-laden. But not all are advantages for conservatism. Conservatism is presupposed in contemporary formulations of scepticism through the requirement of prior justification for background assumptions, and this fact compels anti-sceptical conservatives to conceive a non-evidential form of warrant, entitlement, to contest the sceptical threat My main worry is that, although the path of entitlement has some prospects to succeed, this new notion of justification seems to be posed ad hoc for conservatives to solve the sceptical problem. These contents are organized along the three chapters. The result of chapter 1 is a pattern of sceptical argument formed by two premises: P1*, a conservative principle, and P2*. In chapter 2 and chapter 3 two anti-sceptical proposals against the argument sketched in chapter 1 are described. Chapter 2 is devoted to explain and assess a first anti-sceptical proposal that denies P1*: dogmatism. Moreover, in chapter 3, another anti-sceptical strategy is described (the route of entitlement) that contests scepticism denying the plausibility of P2*.

La pharmacogénétique/pharmacogénomique en psychiatrie, perspectives théoriques et perspectives pour l'avenir

Les polymorphismes génétiques ayant un impact sur la biotransformation des xénobiotiques et sur leurs effets biologiques sont le sujet d'étude de la pharmacogénétique. Actuellement, on s'intéresse de plus en plus à la perspective de réaliser des prescriptions individualisées dans tous les domaines de la médecine et également en psychiatrie. Une telle promesse pourrait être réalisable grâce aux connaissances accumulées par l'implémentation des techniques génomiques en pharmacogénétique. Parallèlement à la baisse des coûts et de la durée des analyses, une meilleure compréhension de certains enjeux cliniques et économiques peut faciliter cette implémentation dans la pratique psychiatrique quotidienne dans un avenir proche.

Atypical Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania braziliensis in an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patient: T-cell Responses and Remission of Lesions Associated with Antigen Immunotherapy

An atypical case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated mucocutaneous lesions due to Leishmania braziliensis is described. Many vacuolated macrophages laden with amastigote forms of the parasite were found in the lesions. Leishmanin skin test and serology for leishmaniasis were both negative. The patient was resistant to therapy with conventional drugs (antimonial and amphotericin B). Interestingly, remission of lesions was achieved after an alternative combined therapy of antimonial associated with immunotherapy (whole promastigote antigens). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and stimulated in vitro with Leishmania antigens to test the lymphoproliferative responses (LPR). Before the combined immunochemotherapy, the LPR to leishmanial antigens was negligible (stimulation index - SI=1.4). After the first course of combined therapy it became positive (SI=4.17). The antigen responding cells were predominantly T-cells (47.5%) most of them with CD8+ phenotype (33%). Very low CD4+ cells (2.2%) percentages were detected. The increased T-cell responsiveness to leishmanial antigens after combined therapy was accompanied by interferon-g (IFN-g) production as observed in the cell culture supernatants. In this patient, healing of the leishmaniasis lesions was associated with the induction of a specific T-cell immune response, characterized by the production of IFN-g and the predominance of the CD8+ phenotype among the Leishmania-reactive T-cells.

Estudi de les càrregues ambientals del compostatge casolà. Simulació d'un sistema de compostatge domèstic i determinació d'emissions de gasos contaminants

Aquest treball s’enfoca cap l’anàlisi de les emissions de gasos amb un potencial impacte negatiu sobre l’entorn que es poden emetre a l’atmosfera durant el compostatge casolà com són el metà i l’òxid nitrós pel seu paper de gasos d’efecte hivernacle i l’amoníac, però sense oblidar el seguiment dels paràmetres del procés en si i la determinació de la qualitat del compost produït. Durant poc més de 6 mesos s’ha simulat un sistema de compostatge casolà tal i com podria donar‐se en un domicili particular i s’ha confirmat la seva eficàcia en la reducció en pes del residu tractat així com l’obtenció d’un producte final altament estable i d’una qualitat més que acceptable. Pel que fa a les emissions de gasos, les quantitats determinades no són menyspreables. L’experiment s’ha realitzat per triplicat. Les emissions són molt erràtiques i no s’han trobat patrons clars en la seva evolució durant el procés de compostatge més enllà d’una certa correlació entre les emissions d’amoníac i la diferència de temperatures entre l’ambient i l’interior dels compostadors. Cal destacat un elevat grau de biaix en la determinació d’emissions gasoses a petita escala, com és el cas del compostatge casolà. Finalment constatar que la generació de lixiviats en el compostatge domèstic pot ser important donat el contingut en aigua de la matèria orgànica tractada a nivell casolà i el limitat accés a material estructurant sec que es té per a compensar‐les.

Mosquitocidal bacterial toxins: diversity, mode of action and resistance phenomena

Bacteria active against dipteran larvae (mosquitoes and black flies) include a wide variety of Bacillus thuringiensis and B. sphaericus strains, as well as isolates of Brevibacillus laterosporus and Clostridium bifermentans. All display different spectra and levels of activity correlated with the nature of the toxins, mainly produced during the sporulation process. This paper describes the structure and mode of action of the main mosquitocidal toxins, in relationship with their potential use in mosquito and/or black fly larvae control. Investigations with laboratory and field colonies of mosquitoes that have become highly resistant to the B. sphaericus Bin toxin have shown that several mechanisms of resistance are involved, some affecting the toxin/receptor binding step, others unknown.