Extraits de CHRONIQUES, et en particulier de textes relatifs à la NORMANDIE.

Contient : Extrait des Annales S. Dionysii ad cyclos paschales [cf. E. Berger, dans Bibl. de l'Ecole des chartes, t. XL, p. 270] ; Extrait de la chronologie des rois de France, de Bernard Gui, d'après un ms. de Petau, communiqué par Camuzat ; Fragment sur Philippe le Bel, par un moine de Saint-Denis (Frère Ives) [cf. Molinier, Sources, n° 2847] ; Extrait du Chronicon Colmariense [Mon. Germ., SS., t. XVII, p. 240] ; Lettre de Philippe IV relative à la bataille de Mons-en-Pévèle, septembre 1304 ; Fragment (1285-1343) de la chronique de l'Anonyme de Caen [Molinier, n° 1163] ; Extraits historiques relatifs aux fils de Philippe le Bel ; Chartes de Guillaume le Conquérant et d'Henri Ier pour l'abbaye de Montebourg ; Notice de la fondation de ladite abbaye ; Gesta abbatum Fontanellensium, rédaction abrégée. Incipit : « Wandregisilus qui et Wando... » [cf. Archiv, VIII, 373] ; Gesta abbatum Fontanellensium, précédés de la Commemoratio Ansberti [cf. éd. Loewenfeld, Hanovre, 1888, in-8°, et D'Achery, Spicil., éd. in-fol., t. II, p. 263] ; Chartes de l'abbaye de Saint-Wandrille (1024-1177) et extraits de pièces des XIIIe et XIVe siècles relatives à la même abbaye ; Extraits de la chronique de Robert de Thorigny, d'après un ms. du Mont-Saint-Michel ; Extraits d'Annales de Rouen, d'après un ms. de Bigot [ms. lat. 5530 ; cf. L. Delisle, dans Hist. littér., t. XXXII, p. 196] ; Chronologia urbis Rothomagensis (94-1549), composée par M. de La Mare ; Chron. Nortmannorum [cf. Duchesne, Rer. Franc. scriptores, t. II, p. 524, et L. Delisle, dans Notices et extraits, t. XXXVIII, p. 697] ; Annales de Saint-Wandrille, dites Chronicon Thosanum, [cf. Hist. littér., t. XXXII, p. 204] ; Eloge en vers de Lanfranc [Mabillon, AA. SS. Ben., t. VI, II, p. 659], d'après un ms. de Saint-Florent-lès-Saumur ; Trêve de Dieu pour la Normandie, du temps de Gullaume le Conquérant ; Extrait d'un ms. intitulé « Cursus Normanniae », communiqué par J. Sirmond ; Notice sur les abbés de Fécamp, jusqu'à Henri de Lorraine (1613-1642), d'après un ms. de M. de la Meschinière ; Catalogue des abbés du même monastère jusqu'à François de Joyeuse (1600-1613) ; Extraits d'un cartulaire de Saint-Michel du Tréport ; Extraits d'un calendrier de la même abbaye ; Extraits de la vie de saint Exupère, évêque de Bayeux ; Vers sur l'abbaye de Jumièges, attribués au moine Adrien (cf. Frère, Bibliogr. normand, t. I, p. 154) ; Extraits d'un calendrier des chanoines d'Eu ; Liste des évêques de Lisieux jusqu'à Guillaume Du Vair (1618-1621) ; Evêques de Bayeux jusqu'à Jacques d'Angennes (1606-1647) ; Evêques de Coutances jusqu'à Nicolas de Briroi (1589-1620) ; Evêques d'Evreux jusqu'à François de Péricard (1613-1646) ; Notes sur les chartes de l'abbaye de Savigny ; Chartes du Breuil-Benoît ; Catalogue des abbés de Jumièges ; Fondation de l'abbaye de Blanchelande (1154), et extraits des chartes de ce monastère ; Notes sur le fouage à lever en Normandie et sur les forteresses occupées par le roi, d'après les registres du Trésor des chartes ; Extraits des archives de Notre-Dame d'Ardenne ; Extraits des archives de Saint-Etienne de Caen ; Chartes diverses relatives à la Normandie (1217-1262) ; Annales d'Avranches, 837-1359 [cf. Hist. de Fr., t. XXIII, p. 568] ; Extraits de deux rédactions de la Vita Vanengi [Bibl. hag. lat., 8811 et 8813] ; Traité entre Abu-Issac et Vibaldus, envoyé de l'empereur Frédéric II (1231), traduction latine par M. Obelius Cicero [Mon. Germ., Const., t. II, p. 187] ; Extraits de chroniques arabes relatifs à l'histoire de Sicile, traduits par le même

Thomas de Capua, Ars dictandi.

Ce ms. a appartenu à l'humaniste Jean Lebègue (1368-1457). Au f. 1, Jean Lebègue a tracé sa signature cryptographique V363713 et au f. 122v son anagramme. A la fin du XVe s., un certain Chefdeville, dont la signature se lit en transparence sur la garde collée du contreplat inf., possédait ce ms. (cf. G. Ouy). Il est ensuite passé dans les collections de la bibliothèque de la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris. Au contreplat sup. figure la signature de Claude Joly, chantre de Notre-Dame, suivie de la date "maio 1654" et au f. 1 l'ex-libris "A la bibliotheque de l'Eglise de Paris", précédé de la cote M14 (XVIIe s.). Notre-Dame.

Administration of Il-18bp by Gene Therapy Reduces Inflammation and Prevents Joint Destruction by Downregulation of Mmp9 In Rat Aia: Role ff Mmp9 In Bone and Joint Destruction in Arthritis

Background and objectives Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. This study was carried out to evaluate the effi cacy of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) gene therapy in the rat adjuvant- induced arthritis (AIA) model and to decipher the mechanisms by which IL-18BP delivery lessens bone destruction.Materials and methods Arthritis was induced in female Lewis rat by Mycobacterium butyricum and the mRNA expression of IL-18 and IL-18BP was determined in the joints. In a preventive study, rats were divided into an adenovirus producing IL-18BP-Fc (AdmIL-18BP-Fc) group (n=8) and an adenovirus producing green fl uorescent protein (AdGFP) group (n=7). On day 8 after AIA induction, adenoviruses were injected. Clinical parameters were assessed. At day 18, during maximal arthritis, the rats were euthanized, ankles were collected and x-rays were performed. mRNA and protein were extracted from joints for analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, multiplex, Western blot and zymography.Results The authors observed a decrease in the (IL-18BP/ IL-18) ratio from day 7 to 45. Administration of AdmIL-18BPd-Fc decreased clinical parameters and prevented bone and joint destruction compared to AdGFP administration. IL-18BP delivery reduced the (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG)) ratio by 70%, the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) level by 33% and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) level by 44% in the joint homogenates from AdmIL-18BPd-Fc compared to AdGFP treated rats.Conclusions In rat AIA, a decrease in the (IL-18BP/IL-18) ratio was observed. IL-18BP delivery prevented joint and bone destruction by downregulating MMP9, (RANKL/OPG) and TRAP, suggesting a potential benefi t of a similar therapy in RA.Abstract topics Towards novel therapeutic strategies.

Oxidative-nitrosative stress and systemic vascular function in highlanders with and without exaggerated hypoxemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute exposure to high altitude stimulates free radical formation in lowlanders, yet whether this persists during chronic exposure in healthy, well-adapted and maladapted highlanders suffering from chronic mountain sickness (CMS) remains to be established. METHODS: Oxidative-nitrosative stress (as determined by the presence of the biomarkers ascorbate radical [A •- ], via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and nitrite [NO 2 2 ], via ozone-based chemiluminescence) was assessed in venous blood of 25 male highlanders in Bolivia living at 3,600 m with CMS (n 5 13, CMS 1 ) and without CMS (n 5 12, CMS 2 ). Twelve age- and activity-matched, healthy, male lowlanders were examined at sea level and during acute hypoxia. We also measured fl ow-mediated dilatation (FMD), arterial stiffness defined by augmentation index normalized for a heart rate of 75 beats/min (AIx-75), and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). RESULTS: Compared with normoxic lowlanders, oxidative-nitrosative stress was moderately increased in the CMS 2 group ( P , .05), as indicated by elevated A •- (3,191 457 arbitrary units [AU] vs 2,640 445 AU) and lower NO 2 2 (206 55 nM vs 420 128 nM), whereas vascular function remained preserved. This was comparable to that observed during acute hypoxia in lowlanders in whom vascular dysfunction is typically observed. In contrast, this response was markedly exaggerated in CMS 1 group (A •- , 3,765 429 AU; NO 2 2 , 148 50 nM) compared with both the CMS 2 group and lowlanders ( P , .05). This was associated with systemic vascular dysfunction as indicated by lower ( P , .05 vs CMS 2 ) FMD (4.2% 0.7% vs 7.6% 1.7%) and increased AIx-75 (23% 8% vs 12% 7%) and carotid IMT (714 127 m M vs 588 94 m M). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy highlanders display a moderate, sustained elevation in oxidative-nitrosative stress that, unlike the equivalent increase evoked by acute hypoxia in healthy lowlanders, failed to affect vascular function. Its more marked elevation in patients with CMS may contribute to systemic vascular dysfunction.

Oxidized LDL modulates apoptosis of regulatory T cells in patients with ESRD.

Increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) contribute to the increased risk for atherosclerosis, which persists even after adjusting for traditional risk factors, among patients with ESRD. Regulatory T cells (CD4+/CD25+ Tregs), which down-regulate T cell responses to foreign and self-antigens, are protective in murine atherogenesis, but whether similar immunoregulation occurs in humans with ESRD is unknown. Because cellular defense systems against oxLDL involve proteolytic degradation, the authors investigated the role of oxLDL on proteasome activity of CD4+/CD25+ Tregs in patients with ESRD. CD4+/CD25+ Tregs isolated from uremic patients' peripheral blood, especially that of chronically hemodialyzed patients, failed to suppress cell proliferation, exhibited cell-cycle arrest, and entered apoptosis by altering proteasome activity. Treating CD4+/CD25+ Tregs with oxLDL or uremic serum ex vivo decreased the number and suppressive capacity of CD4+/CD25+ Tregs. In vitro, oxLDL promoted the accumulation of p27Kip1, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor responsible for G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In summary, proteasome inhibition by oxLDL leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, dramatically affecting the number and suppressive capacity of CD4+/CD25+ Tregs in chronically hemodialyzed patients. This response may contribute to the immune dysfunction, microinflammation, and atherogenesis observed in patients with ESRD.

Valtioneuvoston tiedonanto IKL:n lakkauttamisesta

Puhe

Representações e práticas da maternidade em contexto multicultural e migratório

As sociedades de hoje são cada vez mais, culturalmente diversificadas. Portugal não é excepção, verificando-se este fenómeno no quotidiano. Consequência deste facto assiste-se a um aumento significativo de mulheres a viver o processo da maternidade em contexto multicultural e migratório. A maternidade não é imune à pressão de diversos factores que estão subjacentes a um processo migratório. É enquadrado neste paradigma que este estudo envereda a sua pesquisa, pretendendo compreender de que modo a mulher imigrante vivencia a sua gravidez, parto e puerpério em situação de adaptação/aculturação. De modo a dar resposta ao pretendido com o estudo, dirigiu-se o mesmo para a metodologia qualitativa. É um estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal. Optou-se como instrumentos de colheita de dados, pela entrevista semi-estruturada associada à observação participante. Foram entrevistadas no seu domicílio, vinte mulheres imigrantes que tinham sido mães recentemente em Portugal. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Concluiu-se que as práticas de cuidados relativas à maternidade, encetadas na intimidade da família são grandemente influenciadas pelos saberes culturais originais, embora sofrendo algumas alterações em contexto de imigração, fruto da interferência da cultura de acolhimento. O suporte social informal na ajuda da consolidação do papel materno tem um peso mais expressivo, do que o suporte social formal, nomeadamente, dos profissionais de saúde.

Análisis de la población de anchoveta peruana durante el período 1961-1999

Se presentan aspectos generales de la pesquería del stock norte-centro de la anchoveta peruana, de 1961 a 1999. Se ha aplicado el análisis de población virtual(APV), utilizando información biológico-pesquera de los cruceros realizados por IMARPE y de operaciones de la fl'ota industrial. Se utilizaron tasas de mortalidad natural (M, entre 1,0 y 0,75) y, para los procesos de síntonización, se usaron datos de captura y esfuerzo, basados en tonelaje de registro bruto por viaje (TRB•Vje). Se determinó que en la pesquería de anchoveta del stock norte-centro del Perú existe una alta relación entre esfuerzo de pesca y las capturas.

Inducible kidney-specific Sgk1 knockout mice show a salt-losing phenotype.

The expression of the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1) is induced by mineralocorticoids and, in turn, upregulates the renal epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). Total inactivation of Sgk1 has been associated with transient urinary Na(+) wasting with a low-Na(+) diet, while the aldosterone-mediated ENaC channel activation was unchanged in the collecting duct. Since Sgk1 is ubiquitously expressed, we aimed to study the role of renal Sgk1 and generated an inducible kidney-specific knockout (KO) mouse. We took advantage of the previously described TetOn/CreLoxP system, in which rtTA is under the control of the Pax8 promotor, allowing inducible inactivation of the floxed Sgk1 allele in the renal tubules (Sgk1fl/fl/Pax8/LC1 mice). We found that under a standard Na(+) diet, renal water and Na(+)/K(+) excretion had a tendency to be higher in doxycycline-treated Sgk1 KO mice compared with control mice. The impaired ability of Sgk1 KO mice to retain Na(+) increased significantly with a low-salt diet despite higher plasma aldosterone levels. On a low-Na(+) diet, the Sgk1 KO mice were also hyperkaliuric and lost body weight. This phenotype was accompanied by a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. At the protein level, we observed a reduction in phosphorylation of the ubiquitin protein-ligase Nedd4-2 and a decrease in the expression of the Na(+)-Cl(-)-cotransporter (NCC) and to a lesser extent of ENaC.

Long-term expansion of transplantable human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), with their dual ability for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, constitute an essential component of hematopoietic transplantations. Human fetal liver (FL) represents a promising alternative HSC source, and we previously reported simple culture conditions allowing long-term expansion of FL hematopoietic progenitors. In the present study, we used the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse xenotransplantation assay to confirm that human FL is rich in NOD/SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) and to show that these culture conditions repeatedly maintained short- and long-term SRCs from various FL samples for at least 28 days. Quantitative limited dilution analysis in NOD/SCID mice demonstrated for the first time that a 10- to over a 100-fold net expansion of FL SRCs could be achieved after 28 days of culture. The efficiency of this culture system may lead to an increase in the use of FL as a source of HSCs for transplantation in adult patients, as previously demonstrated with umbilical cord blood under different culture conditions.

Chimioprévention actuelle et visions futures [Present chemoprevention and future vision].

Cancer chemoprevention is defined as the use of natural or synthetic agents to reverse, suppress or prevent carcinogenic progression to invasive cancer. The success of several clinical trials within high-risk patients suggests that chemoprevention is a rational and promising strategy. This review will resume the principal molecular mechanisms of chemoprevention and discuss results and clinical outcome of selected clinical trials. The difficulties in clinical application and future directions will be highlighted.

Statsminister Ahti Karjalainen 30.8.1971

Kirje

Growth and reproduction of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena equiselis and Coryphaena hippurus) in the Canary Islands, Central-East Atlantic (preliminary results)

The size, growth and spawning characteristics of pompano dolphin (N=150) and common dolphinfish (N=36) caught off the Canary Islands between May and September 1995 and between July and September 1996 were examined. Fork length (FL) of pompano dolphin was in the range 28.3-62.8 cm. In 1995, the mean length increased significantly from June to September. However, in 1996, the mean length was significantly larger in July than in September. The overall length-weight relationship was W=0.0287*FL2.774 (r=0.97), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.031*FL2.758 (r=0.98) and W=0.0282*FL2.776 (r=0.97), for males and females respectively. Spawning takes place at the beginning of the Summer (June-July). All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, but females showed a higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =3.10±1.73), and decreased progressively towards the end of the season (September), when the average of this index was x- = 1.86±0.87. Similarly, the condition index decreased significantly from June to September. The proportion of females was always significantly higher than males, except in July 1996 when it was 1:1. There was a high correspondence between growth rates determined by annuli scale interpretation and modal progression analysis. According to scale annuli interpretation, the individuals caught showed more than five age classes. However, there are doubts about age assignation from scales. Fork length of common dolphinfish was in the range of 76.5-103.0 cm. The length-weight relationships obtained for all the specimens caught was W=0.00095FL3.527 (r=0.96), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.00398FL3.222 (r=0.94) and W=0.01656FL2.873 (r=0.91), for males and females respectively. Spawning probably takes place at the beginning of the Summer. All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, although the GSI of females were higher than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =5.50±2.17). In the same way, the condition index decreased from May to June. The proportion of females was always slightly higher than males (1:1.4), but the ratio was not significantly different from 1:1