Transnational corporations and the manufacturing sector in Brazil: technological backwardness in the eighties and signs of an important restructuring in the nineties

Includes bibliography

Crisis en Centroamérica: orígenes, alcances y consecuencias = Crisis in Central America: its origins, scope and consequences

Incluye Bibliografía

Organización industrial, competitividad internacional y política pública en la década de los años noventa

Incluye Bibliografía

Dirección y estructura del comercio latinoamericano : exportaciones, importaciones, saldos comerciales, 1970-1982

Incluye Bibliografía

Cassava and turmeric flour blends as new raw materials to extruded snacks

Short cooking time and ability to blend varieties of food ingredients have made extrusion cooking a medium for low-cost and nutritionally improved food products. The effect of moisture, extrusion temperature and amount of turmeric flour mixed with cassava flour on physical characteristic of puffed snacks was evaluated in this work. Extrusion process was carried out using a single-screw extruder in a factorial central composite design with four factors. Results showed effect of extrusion parameters on dependents variables. High expansion, low browning, low water solubility index, intermediate water absorption index and high crispness desirable characteristics to puffed snacks are obtained in conditions of 12% moisture, 5% turmeric flour, 105º C of temperature and 250 rpm of screw speed. These paper point to the potential still unexplored of the use of flours of cassava and turmeric as raw materials in the development of extruded puffed snacks.

Diet and feeding strategy of smooth butterfly ray Gymnura micrura in northeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Crescimento de leguminosas utilizadas na adubação verde em diferentes níveis de sais na água de irrigação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematological responses in Wistar female rats Autohemotherapy in rats

Introduction: Autohemotherapy is a type of treatment that have acquired an opposite role and have presented its efficiency strived by the medical community for many reasons. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of authohaemotherapy on hematological response. Method: We used Wistar female rats (300g). The study consisted in a control group and a treatment group, blood samples were collected at the first day and at the eighth day after the application. In the both groups we collected 300 μl of blood from each rat through a syringe with a previously prepared solution of 30 μl of sodium citrate 3.2%. In the autohemotherapy group the blood sample was immediately injected in the quadriceps muscle on the back of the thigh hind limb. Rats from the control group did not receive intramuscular blood application. The cellular count was done through flow cytometry and the samples were dosed for immunoglobulin. Results: In the both groups we observed increased production of erytrocites, hemoglobin and platelet (p<0.05). However, there was reduction of basophil in the control group and reduction of lymphocyte, monocyte and neutrophil in the both groups. No effects were observed in IgA, IgG and IgM levels. Conclusion: Autohemotherapy did not influence hematological responses in Wistar female rats.

Spectrum Distribution in Cognitive Radio: Error Correcting Codes Perspective

Cognitive radio is a growing zone in wireless communication which offers an opening in complete utilization of incompetently used frequency spectrum: deprived of crafting interference for the primary (authorized) user, the secondary user is indorsed to use the frequency band. Though, scheming a model with the least interference produced by the secondary user for primary user is a perplexing job. In this study we proposed a transmission model based on error correcting codes dealing with a countable number of pairs of primary and secondary users. However, we obtain an effective utilization of spectrum by the transmission of the pairs of primary and secondary users' data through the linear codes with different given lengths. Due to the techniques of error correcting codes we developed a number of schemes regarding an appropriate bandwidth distribution in cognitive radio.

Avaliação da influência do substrato utilizado na qualidade e quantidade das parcelas de água escoada, percolada e armazenada em três estruturas experimentais de telhado verde extensino

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Variable assessment of wing colouration in aerial contests of the red-winged damselfly Mnesarete pudica (Zygoptera, Calopterygidae)

Wing pigmentation is a trait that predicts the outcome of male contests in some damselflies. Thus, it is reasonable to suppose that males would have the ability to assess wing pigmentation and adjust investment in a fight according to the costs that the rival may potentially impose. Males of the damselfly Mnesarete pudica exhibit red-coloured wings and complex courtship behaviour and engage in striking male– male fights. In this study, we investigated male assessment behaviour during aerial contests. Theory suggests that the relationship between male resource-holding potential (RHP) and contest duration describes the kind of assessment adopted by males: self-assessment, opponent-only assessment or mutual assessment. A recent theory also suggests that weak and strong males exhibit variations in the assessment strategies adopted. We estimated male RHP through male body size and wing colouration (i.e. pigmentation, wing reflectance spectra and transmission spectra) and studied the relationship between male RHP and contest duration from videodocumented behavioural observations of naturally occurring individual contests in the field. The results showed that males with more opaque wings and larger red spots were more likely to win contests. The relationships between RHP and contest durations partly supported the self-assessment and the mutual assessment models. We then experimentally augmented the pigmented area of the wings, in order to evaluate whether strong and weak males assess rivals’ RHP through wing pigmentation. Our experimental manipulation, however, clearly demonstrated that strong males assess rivals’ wing pigmentation. We finally suggest that there is a variation in the assessment strategy adopted by males

Variable assessment of wing colouration in aerial contests of the red-winged damselfly Mnesarete pudica (Zygoptera, Calopterygidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Entrapment characteristics of hydrosoluble vitamins loaded into chitosan and N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)