Outcomes of cephalosporin treatment for serious infection due to apparently susceptible organisms producing extended-spectrum b-Lactamases: Implications for the clinical microbiology laboratory

Although extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) hydrolyze cephalosporin antibiotics, some ESBL-producing organisms are not resistant to all cephalosporins when tested in vitro. Some authors have suggested that screening klebsiellae or Escherichia coli for ESBL production is not clinically necessary, and when most recently surveyed the majority of American clinical microbiology laboratories did not make efforts to detect ESBLs, We performed a prospective, multinational study of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia and identified 10 patients who were treated for ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae bacteremia with cephalosporins and whose infecting organisms were not resistant in vitro to the utilized cephalosporin. In addition, we reviewed 26 similar cases of severe infections which had previously been reported. Of these 36 patients, 4 had to be excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 32 patients, 100% (4 of 4) patients experienced clinical failure when MICs of the cephalosporin used for treatment were in the intermediate range and 54% (15 of 28) experienced failure when MICs of the cephalosporin used for treatment were in the susceptible range, Thus, it is clinically important to detect ESBL production by klebsiellae or E, coli even when cephalosporin MICs are in the susceptible range (less than or equal to 8 mug/ml) and to report ESBL-producing organisms as resistant to aztreonam and all cephalosporins (with the exception of cephamycins).

Masculine, feminine or neutral? In-company equal opportunities policies in Irish and French MNC retailing

Several problematic aspects of women's paid employment - e.g. low pay and lack of promotional opportunities - are exacerbated by the segregation of women and men into different occupations. In this article, the potential of in-store equal opportunities policies to break down such gender segregation will be explored, through consideration of the existence and implementation of these policies in twenty-two multinational retail companies in Dublin and Paris. It will be argued that, with one notable exception, the instore equal opportunities policies are effectively neutralized, and furthermore are neutralized in nationally specific ways which can be related to differences between France and Ireland in the organization of labour-market regulation and in women's labour-force participation (LFP). The case-study findings also suggest that the 'country' variable has a stronger effect on the existence and implementation of these policies than the extent of a shop's links to an overseas headquarters. The findings of this study have implications for both the equity of women's incorporation into the paid labour force and understanding of aspects of HRM in branches of multinational companies.

Air target detection via bistatic radar based on LEOS communication signals

The paper discusses the bistatic radar parameters for the case when the transmitter is a satellite emitting communication signals. The model utilises signals from an Iridium-like low earth orbiting satellite system. The maximum detection range, when thermal noise-limited, is discussed at the theoretical level and these results are compared with experimentation. Satellite-radar signal levels and the power of ground reflections are evaluated.

A formação pela trilha da clínica da atividade na vigilância em saúde do trabalhador

Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção com o objetivo principal de colocar em análise a atividade na vigilância em saúde do trabalhador ancorada nos pressupostos da formação pelo trabalho. Tem como aporte conceitual o referencial teórico-metodológico da clínica da atividade proposta por Yves Clot e colaboradores. A pesquisa foi realizada com a equipe multiprofissional que atua na vigilância em saúde do trabalhador do Centro de Referência Estadual em Saúde do Trabalhador do Espírito Santo (Cerest/ES). As rodas de conversa, a partir da clínica da atividade, foram a estratégia metodológica privilegiada. O gênero profissional vigilante em saúde do trabalhador, ao se confrontar com o estudo das diretrizes da clínica da atividade, foi produzindo deslocamentos que o levou a (re)pensar, analisar a sua atividade e o processo de trabalho no qual estava inserido. A cada encontro no diálogo com a clínica da atividade, eram experimentados os modos de como esses profissionais atuavam na vigilância, como também todo o atravessamento desse gênero na assistência aos trabalhadores, nas atividades educativas e gestão do trabalho. No desenvolvimento das rodas, ficou evidenciado o quanto esses encontros se tornaram equipamentos para esses profissionais. As atividades desenvolvidas produziram análise coletiva do trabalho e um processo de formação pelo trabalho. Buscaram incorporar os métodos utilizados pela clínica da atividade no cotidiano do Cerest dialogando com os efeitos desse processo. Nas rodas também emergiram propostas de mudanças na maneira como vinham ocorrendo as atividades realizadas, a gestão do trabalho nessa equipe e as estratégias de atuação na vigilância, ou seja, intervenção no processo de trabalho do grupo, produzindo potência para o poder de agir do gênero. O referencial teórico-metodológico da clínica da atividade foi um dispositivo de formação importante. Permitiu a experimentação e o desenvolvimento do gênero vigilantes em saúde do trabalhador na produção de análise da atividade, na constituição de uma clínica dialógica em transformação. Também possibilitou contemplar na análise as dimensões integrantes da atividade de trabalho, fazendo a interlocução para o encontro entre os saberes da experiência instituídos no cotidiano do serviço de saúde e o saber acadêmico na produção de conhecimento.

Práticas de militância nômades : experimentações rebeldes e novas estéticas de luta no contemporâneo

A presente dissertação, realizada no âmbito da experiência de militância deste pesquisador em três coletivos distintos, Brigada Indígena (2005-2008), Assembléia Popular (2009) e Fórum Municipal dos Psicólogos da Secretaria de Assistência Social da Prefeitura de Vitória (2009-2011), se propõem a discutir os modos de funcionamento e as formas de organização dos movimentos sociais na invenção de estéticas de luta problematizadoras das redes de poder e resistência instituídas no contemporâneo. Por meio da narrativa dessas experiências, procura-se evidenciar, no interior dessas movimentações, a gestação de práticas de militância (pré) ocupadas não apenas com a concretização de projetos, mas principalmente, com a experimentação de novos modos de existência avessos à lógica de funcionamento do aparelho estatal. Vamos, ao longo do texto, mostrar como esses coletivos caracterizam-se pela insubmissão às condutas regradas de espaços institucionalizados, exercitando levantes provisórios, anônimos, situados e descentralizados, instituídos por e instituinte de ecossistemas afetivos-políticossociais autônomos. As análises aqui empreendidas se fizeram no entrecruzamento dos aportes teóricos advindos dos trabalhos de Foucault, Lourau, Lapassade, Deleuze e Guattari, Hakim Bey, Michel Hardt e Toni Negri. Ao final, a pesquisa sinaliza a possibilidade de pensarmos uma antropologia rebelde, no qual grupos de afinidade com padrão horizontalizado de funcionamento interpelam relações hierárquicas e centralizadoras que marcam o modo de funcionamento da máquina administrativa do Estado e dos próprios movimentos sociais, potencializando agenciamentos nômades implicados na construção de espaços auto-gestionados.

Determinação de estanho em tecidos de ratas por ICP-MS

Os organoestânicos, principalmente o tributilestanho (TBT), são contaminantes ambientais, utilizados principalmente em tintas anti-incrustantes para navios. Eles sofrem bioacumulação e podem ser encontrados em mamíferos, inclusive em seres humanos. A principal fonte de exposição é a ingestão de alimentos contaminados. Esse estudo possuiu como objetivo a determinação de estanho em tecidos de ratas expostas cronicamente a TBT utilizando espectrometria de massas com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS). Ratas Wistar adultas foram usadas na experimentação, sendo divididas dois grupos: o grupo exposto a 100 ng kg-1 dia-1 de TBT por 15 dias e o grupo de referência que recebeu somente o veículo durante o mesmo período de exposição. Ao final da exposição, os animais foram sacrificados e coletados plasma, coração, rim, pulmão, fígado e ovário para análise. As amostras foram secas em estufa por 72 horas e pulverizadas. A determinação de estanho foi realizada por ICP-MS após a digestão ácida assistida por micro-ondas de uma amostra com aproximadamente 100 mg. O limite de detecção (LD) calculado foi 4,3 ng L-1, o que permite a determinação de estanho em amostras de tecidos de animais usados para experimentação. A exatidão foi verificada pela análise do material de referência certificado de urina, Seronorm Urine (54,6 ± 2,7 μg L-1), tendo como resultado 50,1 ± 3,8 μg L-1. A concentração de estanho foi determinada em amostras de plasma, coração, rim, pulmão, fígado e ovário do grupo exposto a TBT e do grupo controle. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos para todas as amostras analisadas. As diferenças entre os grupos foram mais pronunciadas nas amostras de fígado e rim. Além disso, este estudo mostrou que a presença de estanho no organismo de ratas distribui-se pelos tecidos acarretando em alterações morfofisiológicas já descritas em ovários, coração e fígado

Dashboard services for pragmatics-based interoperability in cloud and ubiquitous manufacturing

The real Cloud and Ubiquitous Manufacturing systems require effectiveness and permanent availability of resources, their capacity and scalability. One of the most important problems for applications management over cloud based platforms, which are expected to support efficient scalability and resources coordination following SaaS implementation model, is their interoperability. Even application dashboards need to easily incorporate those new applications, their interoperability still remains a big problem to override. So, the possibility to expand these dashboards with efficiently integrated communicational cloud based services (cloudlets) represents a relevant added value as well as contributes to solving the interoperability problem. Following the architecture for integration of enriched existing cloud services, as instances of manufacturing resources, this paper: a) proposes a cloud based web platform to support dashboard integrating communicational services, and b) describe an experimentation to sustain the theory that the effective and efficient interoperability, especially in dynamic environments, could be achieved only with human intervention.

Direct communication versus virtual communication in virtual teams

Several studies suggest that computer-mediated communication can lead to decreases in group effectiveness and reduce satisfaction levels in terms of trust and comfort of its users. Supported by an experiment, where the emotional or affective aspects of communication were tested with the experimentation of two architectures, Direct Communication Architecture (DCA) and the Virtual Communication Architecture (VCA) this paper validates the thesis that, from the users’ perspective, there is no opposition to the acceptance of virtual environments and interfaces for communication, and that these environments are able to cope with the reconfiguration dynamics requirements of virtual teams or client-server relations in a virtual enterprise operation.

An optimal level of technology reliance on foreign partners in a global sourcing partnership: components procurement, technology management and market performance

Existing studies on global sourcing strategy have implicitly adopted a cJosed-systems perspective in which sourcing activities are managed within a multinational company across national boundaries. Produd and process innovations and components procurement that are jointly managed by a consortium of cooperating firms have not been examined. In this paper, we empiricallyexamine the issues concerning sourcing partnerships in an open-systems perspective. Findings suggest that even in a sourcing partnership arrangement with a foreign supplier, the principal firm's ability to procure and control the supply of major components has a positive bearing on its market performance.

Financial strategies for minimizing corporate income taxes under Brazil's new global tax system

In 1996, Brazil adopted a worldwide income tax system for corporations. This system represents a fundamental change in how the Brazílian government treats multinational transactions and the tax minimizing strategies relevant to businesses. In this article, we describe the conceptual basis for worldwide tax systems and the problem of double taxation that they create. Responses to double taxation by both the governments and the priva te sector are considered. Namely, the imperfect mechanisms developed by Brazil and other countries for mitigating double taxation are analyzed. We ultimately focus on the strategies that companies utilize in order not only to avoid double texetion, but also to take advantage of tax havens.

Indicadores avançados para o investimento directo estrangeiro: aplicação ao caso português

RESUMO:O investimento directo estrangeiro tem sido um dos factores com maior importância, no crescimento económico dos países em desenvolvimento, por contribuir para financiar o défice da balança corrente com o exterior, em particular a balança comercial. Num âmbito mais microeconómico é um forte gerador de emprego, proporciona avanços tecnológicos importantes, permitindo a partilha de conhecimentos das tecnologias, o conhecimento de novas formas de gestão e novas formas de marketing. Este trabalho tem como objectivo principal, identificar potenciais variáveis como indicadores avançados para o investimento directo estrangeiro, de modo a antecipar possíveis tendências para a sua evolução. Para alcançar este propósito recorreu-se aos Modelos Autoregressivos Vectoriais (VAR) e à causalidade de Granger com base em dados mensais para o período de Janeiro de 1996 a Setembro de 2010. Foram consideradas variáveis essenvialmente macroeconómicas, tanto do lado da economia receptora como dos países investidores, de modo a reflectirem a actividade económica ao longo do período de estudo. ABSTRACT: The foreign direct investment, has been one of the main factors in the economical development for the countries that are in a process of developing, because it allows the generation of new investments and generate money from the return of the investment, as well as it creates new opportunities for the employment. It allows important technologic advances with the share of the technology Knowledge as well new ways to learn marketing management and enterprise management. This work/research, aims to identify potential variables as advanced indicators for the foreign direct investment, in order to anticipate possible trends of their evolution. To achieve this goal, Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR) and Granger causality based on based on monthly data for the period January between 1996 and September of 2010, were used. Essentially macroeconomic variables were considered, on both the host economy and the countries investors in order to reflect the economic activity throughout the study period.

Educational characteristics of adult students in portuguese technological schools

Despite a massive expansion of education in Portugal, since the 1970’s, educational attainment of the adult population in the country remains low. The numbers of working-age people in some form of continuing education are among the lowest, according to the OECD and EU-27 statistics. Technological Schools(TS), initially created in the 1990’s, under the umbrella of the Ministry of Economy in partnership with industry and industrial associations, aimed to prepare qualified staff for industries and services in the country, particularly in the engineering sector, through the provision of post secondary non-university programmes of studies, the CET (Technological Specialization Courses). Successful CET students are awarded a DET(Diploma of Technological Specialization), which corresponds to Vocational Qualification level IV of the EU, according to the latest alteration (2005) of the Education Systems Act (introduced in 1986). In this, CET’s are also clearly defined as one of the routes for access to Higher Education (HE), in Portugal. The PRILHE (Promoting Reflective and Independent Learning in Higher Education) multinational project, funded by the European Socrates Grundtvig Programme, aimed to identify the learning processes which enable adult students in higher education to become autonomous reflective learners and search best practices to support these learning processes. During this research, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to determine how students organise their studies and develop their learning skills. The Portuguese partner in the project’ consortium used a two case studies approach, one with students of Higher Education Institutions and other with students of TS. This paper only applies to students of TS, as these have a predominant bias towards engineering. Results show that student motivation and professional teaching support contribute equally to the development of an autonomous and reflective approach to learning in adult students; this is essential for success in a knowledge economy, where lifelong learning is the key to continuous employment.

Language and trade: the (new) route of portuguese in the 21st century

Globalisation has eliminated frontiers and in the case of Europe helped the crossing of borders and changed forever the concept of social (and I would also say individual) geography: the rest of the world is out there; we can pretend not to see it, but we cannot avoid it. Moreover, Europe is undergoing a serious crisis, also economic, and new markets and business partners are welcome. In this context, cultural bonds like a common language can open new investment paths and give rise to successful stories. In this paper we intend to present an example of how low linguistic distance can lead to good business, even if a) in the internationalization process of the companies’ language is often forgotten as a management element and b) consumers of language products (like User Guides) are also not stimulating investment in language by the companies. Through the results of 2 studies carried out in 2010 and 2011 we will show how a pluricentric language like Portuguese is managed in multinational companies (MC) and Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs). The second study is based on an online survey questioning the effectiveness, efficiency and general quality of User Guides and the reaction of consumers to language. Results show that although playing a role in the internationalization process of companies in the same linguistic space, language is opportunistically used. On the other hand, Portuguese and Brazilian consumers show a very functional perception of the Portuguese language...

Plano de negócios para empresa de iluminação de emergência

Dissertação de Mestrado em Finanças Empresariais