Biochemical Genetics Of Selected Commercially Important Penaeid Prawns

‘Biochemical genetics of selected commercially important penaeid prawns‘ dloted was carried out by collecting samples from different important fishing ceatres of India and the practical work was carried out in the Research Centre of CMFRI laboratories attached with those places. On the whole, in crustacea little importance has been given so far in finding out tin genetic characteristics of different species, genetic variation within and between species and ontogenetic variations in lobsters, prawns and other crustaceans. Prawn is caunercially important group where very little attention had been given so far to find out the racial divergence which may exist in cufferent species. with the increased foreign exchange earning and consequent indiscriminate over exploitation of existing resources of prawns resulting in depletion of the marine rescurces, alternative ways and augmenting production has become essential. In this connection genetic manipulation of the broodstock will surely bring about the heterogenous characters to multiply production. In order to understand racial fragmentation of sane of the coumercially important prawns such as Pengeus ggdicus and Parggenagsis sgliferg the isozyme studies were carried out. Qatogenetic variation of g. indicus showed stage specific electrophoretic variation. Inter species variation studies was carried out for the closely aligned Penaeus species

Development of 18 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for Vinca minor (Apocynaceae) via 454 Pyrosequencing

• Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in Vinca minor (Apocynaceae) to evaluate the level of clonality, population structure, and genetic diversity of the species within its native and introduced range. • Methods and Results: A total of 1371 microsatellites were found in 43,565 reads from 454 pyrosequencing of genomic V. minor DNA. Additional microsatellite loci were mined from publicly available cDNA sequences. After several rounds of screening, 18 primer pairs flanking di-, tri-, or tetranucleotide repeats were identified that revealed high levels of genetic diversity in two native Italian populations, with two to 11 alleles per locus. Clonal growth predominated in two populations from the introduced range in Germany. Five loci successfully cross-amplified in three additional Vinca species. • Conclusions: The novel polymorphic microsatellite markers are promising tools for studying clonality and population genetics of V. minor and for assessing the historical origin of Central European populations.

On the use of principal components in contemporany population genetics: a case study

In human Population Genetics, routine applications of principal component techniques are often required. Population biologists make widespread use of certain discrete classifications of human samples into haplotypes, the monophyletic units of phylogenetic trees constructed from several single nucleotide bimorphisms hierarchically ordered. Compositional frequencies of the haplotypes are recorded within the different samples. Principal component techniques are then required as a dimension-reducing strategy to bring the dimension of the problem to a manageable level, say two, to allow for graphical analysis. Population biologists at large are not aware of the special features of compositional data and normally make use of the crude covariance of compositional relative frequencies to construct principal components. In this short note we present our experience with using traditional linear principal components or compositional principal components based on logratios, with reference to a specific dataset

Cell division and genetics.

Este título pertenece a una serie que ofrece en profundidad una visión de las células en todo el mundo vivo, su estructura y los procesos en que se basa la vida en la Tierra. Explica lo que ocurre cuando las células se dividen. La división celular es la manera en que los organismos crecen. Aun cuando es un organismo totalmente desarrollado, algunas células continúan dividiendse para sustituir a aquellas que han envejecido o se han dañado. Explora la relación entre los cromosomas, los genes y el ADN. A continuación, examina la forma especial de la división celular que participa en la reproducción, sus características y cómo se transmiten de una generación a otra. Se analizan cuestiones éticas relacionadas con la investigación con células. Tiene índice, glosario, referencias bibliográficas y un cuadro con código genético.

CCEA A2 unit 2 Biology : biochemistry, genetics and evolutionary trends.

Guía de revisión para alumnos de educación secundaria de segundo ciclo que estén preparando el examen CCEA (Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assessment) en el nivel A2 del área de biología. Está dividido en tres secciones: una introducción con orientación y consejos sobre el examen; una guía de contenidos con un resumen de las materias y conceptos básicos necesarios para superar la prueba organizados en ocho temas (respiración, fotosíntesis, ADN, tecnología genética, genes y patrones de herencia, genética de poblaciones, evolución y especiación, reino plantae y reino animal); y un apartado con dos ejemplos de exámenes y dos juegos de respuestas reales de alumnos comentadas por un examinador.

Functional Genetics of Suberin: The Role of CYP86A33 and StKCS6 in potato tuber periderm

La caracterització funcional de dos gens en la peridermis, la ω hidroxilasa d'àcids grassos CYP86A33 -candidata per la funcionalització del carboni ω-terminal dels monòmers alifàtics de la suberina- i la ketoacyl-CoA sintasa StKCS6 -candidata per elongar àcids grassos o derivats llargs de suberina i ceres- es realitza per silenciament per RNA d'interferència en patata. La deficiència de CYP86A33 comporta una gran reducció dels monòmers principals de la suberina, l'àcid gras ω-hidroxilat i l'α,ω-diàcid C18:1, juntament amb una reducció total de la quantitat de suberina del 60%. Aquesta deficiència altera l'estructura lamel·lar típica de la suberina, així com també la funció barrera de la peridermis. La deficiència en StKCS6 comporta que els monòmers de la suberina de 28 carbonis o més llargs es redueixin i que els de 26 carbonis o més curts s'incrementin. Aquesta deficiència suggereix que la llargada dels compostos alifàtics pot contribuir a les propietats impermeabilitzants de la peridermis.

Molecular genetics of cork formation

La peridermis és una estructura complexa que protegeix els òrgans vegetals madurs (secundaris) i les zones que han sofert ferides de la pèrdua d'aigua i dels patògens. Aquesta funció barrera és deguda al fel·lema o súber, un teixit format per cèl·lules suberificades. Tant el fel·lema com la suberina són crucials per la vida de les plantes terrestres, però pràcticament no es coneix res dels processos moleculars que regulen la seva formació, probablement degut a la manca de models adequats. En aquesta tesi s'han identificat i caracteritzat gens induïts al fel·lema mitjançant la combinació de dues plantes models. L'escorça d'alzina surera (Quercus suber) s'ha utilitzat per aïllar gens candidats de la formació del fel·lema i per investigar el comportament d'alguns d'aquests gens durant l'estació de creixement, mentre que la pela de la patata (Solanum tuberosum) s'ha utilitzat en estudis de genètica reversa per demostrar la funció d'alguns gens reguladors al fel·lema.

A orientação homossexual e as investigações acerca da existência de componentes biológicos e genéticos determinantes; The homosexual orientation and investigations about the existence of components biological and genetics determinants

The male and female homosexual orientation has substantial prevalence in humans and can be explained by determinants of various levels: biological, genetic, psychological, social and cultural. However, the biological and genetic evidence have been the main hypotheses tested in scientific research in the world. This article aims to review research studies about the existence of genetic and biological evidence that determine homosexual orientation. Was conducted a review of the literature, using the database MedLine/PubMed and Google scholar. The papers and books were searched in Portuguese and English, using the following keywords: sexual orientation, sexual behavior, homosexuality, developmental Biology and genetics. Was selected papers of the last 22 years. Were found five main theories about the biological components: (1) fraternal birth order, (2) brain androgenization and 2D:4D ratio; (3) brain activation by pheromones; and (4) epigenetic inheritance; and four theories about the genetic components: (1) genetic polymorphism; (2) pattern of X-linked inheritance; (3) monozygotic twins; and (4) sexual antagonistic selection. Concluded that there were many scientific evidence found over time to explain some of biological and genetic components of homosexuality, especially in males. However, today, there is no definitive explanation about what are the determinants of homosexual orientation components.

A novel parallel approach to the likelihood-based estimation of admixture in population genetics

Inferring population admixture from genetic data and quantifying it is a difficult but crucial task in evolutionary and conservation biology. Unfortunately state-of-the-art probabilistic approaches are computationally demanding. Effectively exploiting the computational power of modern multiprocessor systems can thus have a positive impact to Monte Carlo-based simulation of admixture modeling. A novel parallel approach is briefly described and promising results on its message passing interface (MPI)-based C implementation are reported.