Estrutura espacial urbana e mobilidade: o caso da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo

A metrópole de São Paulo é a maior e mais importante aglomeração urbana do Brasil e está entre as dez maiores áreas urbanas do mundo. No entanto, a forma como acessibilidade espacial ocorre gera um fardo para a população e para a atividade econômica. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a discussão de como melhorar a acessibilidade na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo estudando as características e impactos de estruturas espaciais urbana, analisando criticamente a estrutura espacial da metrópole e proporcionando sugestões de melhorias a fim de proporcionar uma mobilidade mais sustentável. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e uma caracterização da estrutura espacial da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, considerando a alocação de população, alocação de empregos e os padrões de deslocamento para os modais individual, coletivo e não motorizado. Apresentamos um relato da evolução recente, com dados das pesquisas de origem e destino realizadas pelo Metrô em 1997 e 2007 e da pesquisa de mobilidade de 2012. Também realizamos uma caracterização mais aprofundada com os dados da pesquisa de 2007. As cidades se desenvolvem com base no trade-off entre proximidade e mobilidade: a fim de maximizar as possibilidades de interação, as pessoas e as empresas tendem a se localizar onde o deslocamento necessário para executar essas interações requer menos custos financeiros, perda de tempo e desconforto. Esse processo molda a alocação espacial de atividades, que define parcialmente os hábitos de transporte. A estrutura espacial urbana pode ser caracterizada por sua escala (padrões compacto ou disperso), arranjo de densidades (padrão disperso ou clusterizado) e arranjo de atividade (padrão monocêntrico ou policêntrico). Estruturas espaciais com padrão mais compacto apresentam menores distâncias de viagem, reduzindo o impacto ambiental das viagens e viabilizando o transporte não motorizado e coletivo, e levam a um uso mais eficiente da terra, menor custo de infraestrutura e maior equidade no acesso ao transporte. Já estruturas clusterizadas policêntricas são associadas com maior facilidade de acesso à terra. Existe um debate sobre a capacidade de estruturas policêntricas resultarem em uma aproximação generalizada de empregos e residências. A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo apresenta um padrão monocêntrico na escala metropolitana, com fortes movimentos pendulares da periferia para o centro expandido da iii capital. Durante o período de análise, foi observada uma realocação da população para áreas mais centrais da cidade e uma centralização dos empregos ainda mais forte, resultando no agravamento dos movimentos pendulares. Existe uma clara divisão modal por renda: as classes mais altas utilizam majoritariamente automóveis, enquanto as classes mais baixas utilizam majoritariamente transporte coletivo e não motorizado. Para o futuro, o novo plano diretor tem o mérito de caminhar na direção do desenvolvimento urbano orientado pelo transporte sustentável, porém os níveis de densidade máxima permitidos ainda são parecidos com o do plano anterior e a largura dos eixos de adensamento é restrita. Acreditamos ser vantajoso um aumento do adensamento em áreas próximas dos empregos; geração de polos de adensamento em áreas mais afastadas dos empregos, mas próximas das infraestruturas de transporte coletivo de alta velocidade, e desencorajamento do adensamento em áreas com baixa acessibilidade. Também é necessária uma gestão integrada dos transportes, provendo infraestrutura para viagens não motorizadas e viagens intermodais, e uma gestão dos impactos negativos do adensamento.

Tethered Monte Carlo: computing the effective potential without critical slowing down

We present Tethered Monte Carlo, a simple, general purpose method of computing the effective potential of the order parameter (Helmholtz free energy). This formalism is based on a new statistical ensemble, closely related to the micromagnetic one, but with an extended configuration space (through Creutz-like demons). Canonical averages for arbitrary values of the external magnetic field are computed without additional simulations. The method is put to work in the two-dimensional Ising model, where the existence of exact results enables us to perform high precision checks. A rather peculiar feature of our implementation, which employs a local Metropolis algorithm, is the total absence, within errors, of critical slowing down for magnetic observables. Indeed, high accuracy results are presented for lattices as large as L = 1024.

Tethered Monte Carlo: computing the effective potential without critical slowing down

We present Tethered Monte Carlo, a simple, general purpose method of computing the effective potential of the order parameter (Helmholtz free energy). This formalism is based on a new statistical ensemble, closely related to the micromagnetic one, but with an extended configuration space (through Creutz-like demons). Canonical averages for arbitrary values of the external magnetic field are computed without additional simulations. The method is put to work in the two-dimensional Ising model, where the existence of exact results enables us to perform high precision checks. A rather peculiar feature of our implementation, which employs a local Metropolis algorithm, is the total absence, within errors, of critical slowing down for magnetic observables. Indeed, high accuracy results are presented for lattices as large as L = 1024.

The representation of the world in national Arab news agencies: an exploration of (trans)national networks in the official Arab media

The purpose of this paper is to draw a map of the representation of the world and of Arab states as reflected by the countries of the region. To do so, we have analysed the news (4,093 news randomly collected on February and August 2005) produced by the governments of the Arab states through their national news agencies. Several regional and world maps had been constructed to show the official Arab representation of the World, the Arab countries conflict agenda, the persistence of colonial ties (with the European metropolis) and the emergence of new relationships (Asian countries). The representation of the world that appeared in the analysis focuses its interest on the USA, the war in Iraq, the Israel-Palestine conflict, the United Kingdom, France, and Iran. The Arab regional powers organise the flow of information (Saudi Arabia and Egypt) and the colonial past determines the current structure of communication (French-speaking bloc and English-speaking bloc).

British Isles, 1818 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Cary's reduction of his six sheet map of the British Isles : comprehending the whole of the turnpike roads : with the great rivers and the course of the different navigable canals, also the market and borough towns and villages adjoining the road : to which is added the actual distance from one market town to another ; with the exact admeasurement to each from the metropolis : drawn from the most recent surveys. It was published by J. Cary in 1818. Scale [ca. 1:424,000].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, roads, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset: The Shetland Isles.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Augsburg, Germany, 1740-1760 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Accurata recens delineata ichnographia celeberrimae liberae imperii civitatis ac Sueviae metropolis Augustae Vindelicorum = Neu verfertigt accurater Grund Riss der hochberühmten dess Heil. Röm. Reichs freyen u. dess schwäbischen Creisses Haupt Statt Augspurg, Ioh. Thomas Kraus, architectus et perspectivicus delineavit ; im Kupfer gestochen un verlegt von M. Seutter, I.R.K.M. geogr. It was published by Matthäus Seutter, between 1740 and 1760. Scale [ca. 1:4,500]. Covers Augsburg, Germany. Map in Latin and German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes indexes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Magdeburg, Germany, ca. 1740 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Magdeburgum, ducatus cognominis metropolis ad Albium : sub ditione regis Borussiae, bene munitum ac florens emporium, in quo Tribunal Provinciale, consistorium et camera constituta = Magdeburg, die Haupt Statt eines Herzogthums gleiches Nahmens an der Elb, dem König in Preussen zustaendig, eine wohl fortificierte und florisante Handel Statt in welcher die Magdeburgische Landes Regierung, Consistorium und Camer angelegt, verfetigt von Matthaeus Seutter, Ihro Röm. Kaijserl. Maj. geographo. It was published by M. Seutter ca. 1740. Scale [ca. 1:5,000]. Covers Magdeburg, Germany. Map in Latin and German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes also index and panorama view of Magdeburg.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Dresden, Germany, 1740 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Dresda ad Albim, Saxoniae superioris metropolis ac magnifica ducis electoris et regis Poloniae sedes = Dresden an der Elb, eine Haupt-Stadt des Obern Sachsen, u: höchst vortreffliche Residentz des dasigon Churfürsten u: Konigs in Pohlen, opera et sumptibus Matth. Seutteri Sac. Caes. May. Geogr. Augustaini = ausgefertiget von Matth. Seutter Kay. Geogr. in Augsp. It was published by Matth. Seutter in [1740]. Scale [ca. 1:6,300]. Map in Latin and German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 5 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Includes index, text, and view: Die Königl. u. Churcsurste SächsischeHaupt u. Residentz Stadt und Verstung Dresden. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

The Western Borderlands: The place of eastern Galicia and Volhynia in the Ukrainian State. OSW Study 43/2013

The regions of Ukraine are strongly diversified. These differences are subject to historical conditions and attempts at unification which have been made over the past seventy years have proven that these differences will be impossible to reduce in the foreseeable future and will continue to bear an impact on Ukraine’s domestic policy. Western Ukraine (Eastern Galicia and Volhynia) is a peripheral region in economic, political and cultural terms. Although it accounts for approximately 14% of Ukraine’s territory and 15% of the country’s population live there, the region generates only around 10% of the country’s GDP. Its metropolis, Lviv, Ukraine’s seventh largest city, was traditionally among the key centres in the nation’s history. However, its role in an independent Ukraine has been marginalised partly due to the fact that a significant part of its elite moved to Kyiv. This is also the most ethnically homogeneous region, where Russian speakers make up rather a small part of the population.

Metropolitan Los Angeles, a study in integration.

Includes bibliographies.

Gleanings in Europe. England: /

"Haswell, Barrington, and Haswell, printers."

Report; with the minutes of evidence taken before the Committee.

Mode of access: Internet.

Beyond. A drama of the soul.

At head of title: "Several days before the death of Edgar Allan Poe he had a dream, which, with characteristic vividness, he related to a friend of his, a Baltimore physician. Poe dreamed he was murdered, and in heaven his soul met that of his murdurer. The dream of Poe has furnished the basis of this drama."

Radiological emergency response : information for the public and the media.

Eleven commercial nuclear reactors used to generate electricity are currently operating at six sites in Illinois; no other state has as many nuclear reactors. In addition, there are two major research facilities in Illinois operated by the US Department of Energy (Argonne National Laboratory and FermiLab), uranium processing facilities at Metropolis and in nearby Paducah, Kentucky, several manufacturers of radiopharmaceuticals and other radioactive materials, thousands of radiation-producing machines used in medicine and industry, and a network of major arterial highways and rail lines over which radioactive material shipments move on a regular basis. Protecting the health and safety of Illinois citizens and the environment from the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation is a key function of IEMA'S Division of Nuclear Safety (DNS). That role is fulfilled through programs that monitor nuclear facilities around the clock, ensure the proper operation of radiation-producing equipment and the use of radioactive materials, and measure radioactivity in the environment to ensure no threats to public health exist.

[The London guide and stranger's safeguard against the cheats, swindlers, and pickpockets that abound within the bills of mortality : forming a picture of London as regards active life : to which is added ... a glossary of cant terms /

Title page lacking; cataloged from NUC copy.