Progettazione del layout di un nuovo stabilimento produttivo: il caso Fiorini Industries S.r.l.

Progettazione del nuovo layout per un nuovo stabilimento produttivo, in cui il gruppo Fiorini Industries S.r.l., in un'ottica di espansione e miglioramento dei parametri tecnici e dei flussi aziendali, si insedia lasciando la sua storica sede produttiva. Questo bisogno nasce dall'impossibilità di espansione dello stabilimento odierno e dalla necessità di ridurre i costi di movimentazione dei materiali durante il ciclo di produzione. La tesi si colloca in questo contesto di necessità di verificare le prestazioni del lay-out attuale, valutandone le problematiche e le criticità al fine di potere identificare delle valide soluzioni di layout per la nuova sede produttiva dal punto di vista tecnico-economico e ambientale. Il CAPITOLO1 è volto ad inquadrare il problema affrontato nella situazione odierna; mettendo in evidenza la rilevanza del lay-out. Viene poi spiegato in maniera approfondita l'approccio di progettazione seguito. Al CAPITOLO 2 spetta la presentazione dell'azienda, della sua storia, della sua gamma di prodotti e dei suoi reparti di lavorazione. L'inquadramento aziendale è necessario al fine di capire le esigenze aziendali di cui si dovrà tenere conto durante lo svolgimento del lavoro. Nel CAPITOLO 3 si procede con l'analisi della situazione attuale, recuperando i dati di input necessari alla determinazione del mix produttivo offerto al mercato, quindi con l'analisi dei cicli produttivi, dei flussi e delle risorse impiegate per le movimentazioni. Il CAPITOLO 4 illustra il nuovo polo industriale del gruppo e presenta le alternative di lay-out individuate, che vengono analizzate dal punto di vista economico per individuare il possibile saving economico annuo rispetto alla situazione attuale. Per completezza di informazione vengono presentate anche aree che non vengono progettate tramite l'analisi tecnico economica (Blocco 2 e Uffici). Il capitolo termina con la scelta del nuovo layout per la nuova sede, dove vengono studiati i saving annui in base ai mezzi di movimentazioni attuali e quelli implementabili. L'ultima parte dell'elaborato valuta le emissioni di anidride carbonica dovute alle movimentazioni interne e valuta la possibile riduzione di emissioni di CO2 con il nuovo layout.

Assimilation of Compliance Software in Highly Regulated Industries: An Empirical Multitheoretical Investigation

In this paper we follow a theory-based approach to study the assimilation of compliance software in highly regulated multinational enterprises. These relatively new software products support the automation of controls which are associated with mandatory compliance requirements. We use institutional and success factor theories to explain the assimilation of compliance software. A framework for analyzing the assimilation of Access Control Systems (ACS), a special type of compliance software, is developed and used to reflect the experiences obtained in four in-depth case studies. One result is that coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures significantly effect ACS assimilation. On the other hand, quality aspects have only a moderate impact at the beginning of the assimilation process, in later phases the impact may increase if performance and improvement objectives become more relevant. In addition, it turns out that position of the enterprises and compatibility heavily influence the assimilation process.

Advanced production scheduling for batch plants in process industries

An Advanced Planning System (APS) offers support at all planning levels along the supply chain while observing limited resources. We consider an APS for process industries (e.g. chemical and pharmaceutical industries) consisting of the modules network design (for long–term decisions), supply network planning (for medium–term decisions), and detailed production scheduling (for short–term decisions). For each module, we outline the decision problem, discuss the specifi cs of process industries, and review state–of–the–art solution approaches. For the module detailed production scheduling, a new solution approach is proposed in the case of batch production, which can solve much larger practical problems than the methods known thus far. The new approach decomposes detailed production scheduling for batch production into batching and batch scheduling. The batching problem converts the primary requirements for products into individual batches, where the work load is to be minimized. We formulate the batching problem as a nonlinear mixed–integer program and transform it into a linear mixed–binary program of moderate size, which can be solved by standard software. The batch scheduling problem allocates the batches to scarce resources such as processing units, workers, and intermediate storage facilities, where some regular objective function like the makespan is to be minimized. The batch scheduling problem is modelled as a resource–constrained project scheduling problem, which can be solved by an efficient truncated branch–and–bound algorithm developed recently. The performance of the new solution procedures for batching and batch scheduling is demonstrated by solving several instances of a case study from process industries.

Batch scheduling in process industries: an application of resource-constrained project scheduling

The paper deals with batch scheduling problems in process industries where final products arise from several successive chemical or physical transformations of raw materials using multi–purpose equipment. In batch production mode, the total requirements of intermediate and final products are partitioned into batches. The production start of a batch at a given level requires the availability of all input products. We consider the problem of scheduling the production of given batches such that the makespan is minimized. Constraints like minimum and maximum time lags between successive production levels, sequence–dependent facility setup times, finite intermediate storages, production breaks, and time–varying manpower contribute to the complexity of this problem. We propose a new solution approach using models and methods of resource–constrained project scheduling, which (approximately) solves problems of industrial size within a reasonable amount of time.

EMPLOYMENT AND EXPOSURES IN THE PETROLEUM REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES AND THE RISK OF LUNG CANCER (EPIDEMIOLOGY, ASSESSMENT)

This dissertation addresses the risk of lung cancer associated with occupational exposures in the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries. Earlier epidemiologic studies of this association did not adjust for cigarette smoking or have specific exposure classifications. The Texas EXposure Assessment System (TEXAS) was developed with data from a population-based, case-comparison study conducted in five southeast Texas counties between 1976 and 1980. The Texas Exposure Assessment System uses job and process categories developed by the American Petroleum Institute, as well as time-oriented variables to identify high risk groups.^ An industry-wide, increased risk for lung cancer was associated with jobs having low-level hydrocarbon exposure that also include other occupational inhalation exposures (OR = 2.0--adjusted for smoking and latency effects). The prohibition of cigarette smoking for jobs with high-level hydrocarbon exposure might explain part of the increased risk for jobs with low-level hydrocarbon exposures. Asbestos exposure comprises a large part of the risk associated with jobs having other inhalation exposures besides hydrocarbons. Workers in petroleum refineries were not shown to have an increased, occupational risk for lung cancer. The increased risk for lung cancer among petrochemical workers (OR = 3.1--smoking and latency adjusted) is associated with all jobs that involve other inhalation exposure characteristics (not only low-level hydrocarbon exposures). Findings for contract workers and workers exposed to specific chemicals were inconclusive although some hypotheses for future research were identified.^ The study results demonstrate that the predominant risk for lung cancer is due to cigarette smoking (OR = 9.8). Cigarette smoking accounts for 86.5% of the incident lung cancer cases within the study area. Workers in the petroleum industry smoke significantly less than persons employed in other industries (p << 0.001). Only 2.2% of the incident lung cancer cases may be attributed to petroleum industry jobs; lifestyle factors (e.g., nutrition) may be associated with the balance of the cases. The results from this study also suggest possible high risk time periods (OR = 3.9--smoking and occupation adjusted). Artifacts in time-oriented findings may result because of the latency interval for lung cancer, secular peaks in age-, sex-specific incidence rates, or periods of hazardous exposures in the petroleum industry. ^