Adaptivity in programming languages

A programming style can be seen as a particular model of shaping thought or a special way of codifying language to solve a problem. An adaptive device is made up of an underlying formalism, for instance, an automaton, a grammar, a decision tree, etc., and an adaptive mechanism, responsible for providing features for self-modification. Adaptive languages are obtained by using some programming language as the device’s underlying formalism. The conception of such languages calls for a new programming style, since the application of adaptive technology in the field of programming languages suggests a new way of thinking. Adaptive languages have the basic feature of allowing the expression of programs which self-modifying through adaptive actions at runtime. With the adaptive style, programming language codes can be structured in such a way that the codified program therein modifies or adapts itself towards the needs of the problem. The adaptive programming style may be a feasible alternate way to obtain self-modifying consistent codes, which allow its use in modern applications for self-modifying code.

Adaptive device with underlying mechanism defined by a programming language

An adaptive device is made up of an underlying mechanism, for instance, an automaton, a grammar, a decision tree, etc., to which is added an adaptive mechanism, responsible for allowing a dynamic modification in the structure of the underlying mechanism. This article aims to investigate if a programming language can be used as an underlying mechanism of an adaptive device, resulting in an adaptive language.

Conception of adaptive programming languages

Adaptive devices show the characteristic of dynamically change themselves in response to input stimuli with no interference of external agents. Occasional changes in behaviour are immediately detected by the devices, which right away react spontaneously to them. Chronologically such devices derived from researches in the field of formal languages and automata. However, formalism spurred applications in several other fields. Based on the operation of adaptive automata, the elementary ideas generanting programming adaptive languages are presented.

Adaptive languages and a new programming style

A programming style can be seen as a particular model of shaping thought or a special way of codifying language to solve a problem. Adaptive languages have the basic feature of allowing the expression of programs which self-modifying through adaptive actions at runtime. The conception of such languages calls for a new programming style, since the application of adaptive technology in the field of programming languages suggests a new way of thinking. With the adaptive style, programming language codes can be structured in such a way that the codified program therein modifies or adapts itself towards the needs of the problem. The adaptive programming style may be a feasible alternate way to obtain self-modifying consistent codes, which allow its use in modern applications for self-modifying code.

Using adaptive automata in a multi-paradigm programming environment

In this paper the architecture of an experimental multiparadigmatic programming environment is sketched, showing how its parts combine together with application modules in order to perform the integration of program modules written in different programming languages and paradigms. Adaptive automata are special self-modifying formal state machines used as a design and implementation tool in the representation of complex systems. Adaptive automata have been proven to have the same formal power as Turing Machines. Therefore, at least in theory, arbitrarily complex systems may be modeled with adaptive automata. The present work briefly introduces such formal tool and presents case studies showing how to use them in two very different situations: the first one, in the name management module of a multi-paradigmatic and multi-language programming environment, and the second one, in an application program implementing an adaptive automaton that accepts a context-sensitive language.

WTROPIC : um gerador automático de macro células CMOS acessível via WWW

Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento da ferramenta para geração automática de leiautes WTROPIC. O WTROPIC é uma ferramenta para a geração remota, acessível via WWW, de leiautes para circuitos CMOS adequada ao projeto FUCAS e ao ambiente CAVE. O WTROPIC foi concebido a partir de otimizações realizadas na versão 3 da ferramenta TROPIC. É mostrado também, como as otimizações no leiaute do TROPIC foram implementadas e como essas otimizações permitem ao WTROPIC cerca de 10% de redução da largura dos circuitos gerados em comparação ao TROPIC. Como o TROPIC, o WTROPIC é um gerador de macro células CMOS independente de biblioteca. Apresenta-se também, como a ferramenta WTROPIC foi integrada ao ambiente de concepção de circuitos CAVE, as mudanças propostas para metodologia de integração de ferramentas do CAVE que conduzem a uma melhora na qualidade de integração e a padronização das interfaces de usuário e como a síntese física de um leiaute pode ser então realizada remotamente. Dessa maneira, obteve-se uma ferramenta para a concepção de leiautes disponível a qualquer usuário com acesso a internet, mesmo que esse usuário não disponha de uma máquina com elevada capacidade de processamento, normalmente exigido por ferramentas de CAD.

Alguns aspectos macro e microeconomicos da economia brasileira pos-Real

Analisam-se neste trabalho alguns aspectos macro e microeconômicos da economia brasileira Pós-Real. Do ponto de vista macroeconômico, aborda-se a troca de imposto inflacionário por poupança externa no fInanciamento do défIcit operacional do setor público, a evolução da denominação da dívida pública federal, bem como a pertinência de diferentes regimes cambiais em um ambiente de instabilidade de funções macroeconômicas. Inclui-se também nesta seção uma breve e simplifIcada simulação da evolução da renda per-capta em caso de elevação do nível de investimentos de 20% para 25% do PIB. Do ponto de vista microeconômico, apresentam-se algumas reflexões pertinentes às áreas de privatização, regulação e defesa da concorrência.