Multiple employment and training programs : funding and performance measures for major programs : report to Congressional Requesters /

"GAO-03-589."

Handbook on radio frequency interference.

Mode of access: Internet.

Multiple classification analysis ; a report on a computer program for multiple regression using categorical predictors /

Bibliographical footnotes.

Multiple titles

Mode of access: Internet.

The law of unfair business competition, including chapters on trade secrets and confidential business relations; unfair interference with contracts; libel and slander of articles of merchandise, trade names, and business credit and reputation,

Mode of access: Internet.

How to identify & resolve radio-tv interference problems.

"Text and cover photograph prepared by the staff of the Field Operations Bureau, Federal Communications Commission."

Interference law and practice ...

Bibliography: v.4, p. [2981]-2998.

Public Lands Management Improvement Act of 1997 : hearings before the Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, on S. 1253, to provide to the federal land management agencies the authority and capability to manage effectively the federal lands in accordance with the principles of multiple use and sustained yield, and for other purposes, October 30, 1997, December 15, 1997, February 3, 1998.

"April 23,1998, April 30, 1998, May 5, 1998, June 4, 1998, June 17, 1998"--Pt. 2.

Impact of insects on multiple-use values of north central forests : an experimental rating scheme /

Cover title.

Infection risk associated with a closed luer access device

The potential for microbial contamination associated with a recently developed needleless closed luer access device (CLAD) (Q-Syte™ Becton Dickinson, Sandy, UT, USA) was evaluated in vitro. Compression seals of 50 multiply activated Q-Syte devices were inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 9865 in 25% (v/v) human blood and then disinfected with 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol followed by flushing with 0.9% (w/v) sterile saline. Forty-eight of 50 (96%) saline flushes passed through devices that had been activated up to a maximum of 70 times remained sterile. A further 25 Q-Syte CLADs that had undergone multiple activations were challenged with prefilled 0.9% (w/v) sterile saline syringes, the external luer tips of which had been inoculated with S. epidermidis NCTC 9865 prior to accessing the devices. None of the devices that had been accessed up to 70 times allowed passage of micro-organisms, despite challenge micro-organisms being detected on both the syringe tip after activation and the compression seals before decontamination. These findings suggest that the Q-Syte CLAD may be activated up to 70 times with no increased risk of microbial contamination within the fluid pathway. The device may also offer protection from the external surface of syringe tips contaminated with micro-organisms. © 2005 Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamic spectrum access in heterogeneous unlicensed wireless networks

Existing wireless systems are normally regulated by a fixed spectrum assignment strategy. This policy leads to an undesirable situation that some systems may only use the allocated spectrum to a limited extent while others have very serious spectrum insufficiency situation. Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is emerging as a promising technology to address this issue such that the unused licensed spectrum can be opportunistically accessed by the unlicensed users. To enable DSA, the unlicensed user shall have the capability of detecting the unoccupied spectrum, controlling its spectrum access in an adaptive manner, and coexisting with other unlicensed users automatically. In this article, we propose a radio system Transmission Opportunity-based spectrum access control protocol with the aim to improve spectrum access fairness and ensure safe coexistence of multiple heterogeneous unlicensed radio systems. In the scheme, multiple radio systems will coexist and dynamically use available free spectrum without interfering with licensed users. Simulation is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme with respect to spectrum utilisation, fairness and scalability. Comparing with the existed studies, our strategy is able to achieve higher scalability and controllability without degrading spectrum utilisation and fairness performance.

Modeling impact of both frame collisions and frame corruptions on IEEE 802.15.4 channel access for smart grid applications

IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been recently developed for low power wireless personal area networks. It can find many applications for smart grid, such as data collection, monitoring and control functions. The performance of 802.15.4 networks has been widely studied in the literature. However the main focus has been on the modeling throughput performance with frame collisions. In this paper we propose an analytic model which can model the impact of frame collisions as well as frame corruptions due to channel bit errors. With this model the frame length can be carefully selected to improve system performance. The analytic model can also be used to study the 802.15.4 networks with interference from other co-located networks, such as IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth networks. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Pharmaceutics:a new open-access journal for all those interested in designing medicines

We know the many hurdles that face us when we look to deliver a drug, starting from the basic characteristics of the drug (its solubility, stability, absorption and biodistribution), to overcoming the physiological barriers faced in reaching the target site, and to maintaining the concentration within the therapeutic window. In addition we must also remember the patient needs in this – is it a child that needs a liquid dosage form? Is it someone having to take multiple doses in a day? Do we need a rapid onset of action in a convenient format? Will people find it convenient to take the drug in the format we are presenting to them – or are there alternative options? [...]

Reductions of peak-to-average power ratio and optical beat interference in cost-effective OFDMA-PONs

The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and optical beat interference (OBI) effects are examined thoroughly in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing access (OFDMA)-passive optical networks (PONs) at a signal bit rate up to ∼ 20 Gb/s per channel using cost-effective intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD). Single-channel OOFDM and upstream multichannel OFDM-PONs are investigated for up to six users. A number of techniques for mitigating the PAPR and OBI effects are presented and evaluated including adaptive-loading algorithms such as bit/power-loading, clipping for PAPR reduction, and thermal detuning (TD) for the OBI suppression. It is shown that the bit-loading algorithm is a very efficient PAPR reduction technique by reducing it at about 1.2 dB over 100 Km of transmission. It is also revealed that the optimum method for suppressing the OBI is the TD + bit-loading. For a targeted BER of 1 × 10-3, the minimum allowed channel spacing is 11 GHz when employing six users. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Performance optimisation of the MAC protocol with multiple contention slots in MIMO ad hoc networks

The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique can be used to improve the performance of ad hoc networks. Various medium access control (MAC) protocols with multiple contention slots have been proposed to exploit spatial multiplexing for increasing the transport throughput of MIMO ad hoc networks. However, the existence of multiple request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) contention slots represents a severe overhead that limits the improvement on transport throughput achieved by spatial multiplexing. In addition, when the number of contention slots is fixed, the efficiency of RTS/CTS contention is affected by the transmitting power of network nodes. In this study, a joint optimisation scheme on both transmitting power and contention slots number for maximising the transport throughput is presented. This includes the establishment of an analytical model of a simplified MAC protocol with multiple contention slots, the derivation of transport throughput as a function of both transmitting power and the number of contention slots, and the optimisation process based on the transport throughput formula derived. The analytical results obtained, verified by simulation, show that much higher transport throughput can be achieved using the joint optimisation scheme proposed, compared with the non-optimised cases and the results previously reported.