Sozialistische Wiedergeburt : Gedanken und Vorschläge zur Erneuerung der sozialistischen Arbeit

hrsg. vom ISK, Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampf-Bund

Das kommunistische Manifest - Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei

[Verf.: Karl Marx ; Friedrich Engels]

Blätter

hrsg. von dem Gruppenverband der Agudas Jisroel und der Agudas Jisroel Jugend-Organisation, Bund Gesetzestreuer Jüdischer Jugendvereine

The Future Direction of Delaware Law (Including a Brief Exegesis on Fee Shifting Bylaws)

Delaware sets the governance standards for most public companies. The ability to attract corporations could not be explained solely by the existence of a favorable statutory regime. Delaware was not invariably the first or the only state to implement management friendly provisions. Given the interpretive gaps in the statute and the critical importance of the common law in the governance process, courts played an outsized role in setting legal standards. The management friendly nature of the Delaware courts contributed significantly to the state’s attraction to public corporations. A current example of a management friendly trend in the case law had seen the recent decisions setting out the board’s authority to adopt bylaws under Section 109 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL), particularly those involving the shifting of fees in litigation against the corporation or its directors. The DGCL allows bylaws that address “the business of the corporation, the conduct of its affairs, and its rights or powers or the rights or powers of its stockholders, directors, officers or employees.” The broad parameters are, however, subject to limits. Bylaws cannot be inconsistent with the certificate of incorporation or “the law.” Law includes the common law. The Delaware courts have used the limitations imposed by “the law” to severely restrict the reach of shareholder inspired bylaws. The courts have not used the same principles to impose similar restraints on bylaws adopted by the board of directors. This can be seen with respect to bylaws that restrict or even eliminate the right of shareholders to bring actions against management and the corporation. In ATP Tour, Inc. v. Deutscher Tennis Bund the court approved a fee shifting bylaw that had littl relationship to the internal affairs of the corporation. The decision upheld the bylaw as facially valid.The decision ignored a number of obvious legal infirmities. Among other things, the decision did not adequately address the requirement in Section 109(b) that bylaws be consistent with “the law.” The decision obliquely acknowledged that the provisions would “by their nature, deter litigation” but otherwise made no effort to assess the impact of this deterrence on shareholders causes of action. The provision in fact had the practical effect of restricting, if not eliminating, litigation rights granted by the DGCL and the common law. Perhaps most significantly, however, the bylaws significantly limited common law rights of shareholders to bring actions against the corporation and the board. Given the high dismissal rates for these actions, fee shifting bylaws imposed a meaningful risk of liability on plaintiffs. Moreover, because judgments in derivative suits were paid to the corporation, shareholders serving as plaintiffs confronted the risk of liability without any offsetting direct benefit. By preventing suits in this area, the bylaw effectively insulated the behavior of boards from legal challenge. The ATP decision was poorly reasoned and overstepped acceptable boundaries. The management friendly decision threatened the preeminent role of Delaware in the development of corporate law. The decision raised the specter of federal intervention and the potential for meaningful competition from the states. Because the opinion examined the bylaw in the context of non-stock companies, the reasoning may remain applicable only to those entities and never make the leap to for-profit stock corporations. Nonetheless, the analysis reflects a management friendly approach that does not adequately take into account the impact of the provision on the rights of shareholders.

Statusreproduktion und Mobilitätseffekte beruflicher Weiterbildung

Es wird für Westdeutschland untersucht, ob sowohl der intergenerationale Abstieg als auch der intergenerationale Statuserhalt Beweggründe für berufliche Weiterbildung sind. Des Weiteren wird untersucht, ob mit beruflicher Weiterbildung ein intergenerationaler Abstieg ausgeglichen oder das Risiko für intergenerationale Abwärtsmobilität minimiert werden kann. Mit Längsschnittdaten der Deutschen Lebensverlaufsstudie finden sich für westdeutsche Frauen und Männer in fünf aufeinander folgenden Geburtskohorten im Zeitraum von 1949 bis 1999 Indizien dafür, dass das Statuserhaltmotiv ein Weiterbildungsmotiv für Personen sein könnte, die einen intergenerationalen Statusverlust erfahren haben. Mit Weiterbildungsanstrengungen können im weiteren Berufsverlauf intergenerationale Abstiege ausgeglichen werden. Ferner haben statuskonsistente Teilnehmer geringere Risiken für einen intergenerationalen Abstieg als Nichtteilnehmer. Berufliche Weiterbildung hat statusreproduzierende Wirkungen im Berufsverlauf.

Mehr Gender in die Bibliotheken - aber richtig!

Im Februar 2013 fand auf der deutschen Mailingliste InetBib (www.inetbib.de) eine zehntägige, intensive Gender-Debatte statt, an der sich sowohl Männer wie Frauen beteiligten. Diese Diskussion eignet sich gut als Ausgangspunkt für die nähere Betrachtung einiger Bereiche, in denen ein genderspezifischer Blick in und auf Bibliotheken Sinn macht und daraus abgeleitete Massnahmen einen Mehrwert bringen können.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the SO 79 (SEDIPERU - TUSCH) expedition from R/V Sonne

The research cruise SO79 with RV SONNE (April 18 to June 09 1992) aimed to assess the impact of a potential mining activity on the sensitive deep-sea ecosystem of the Peru Basin. Up to now only results of reconnaissance surveys of the extended manganese nodule field discovered in 1978 in the Peru Basin are available. The hydroacoustic, sedimentological, and geochemical studies on data and sample material of SO79 came to the following results: a small-scaled variation in thickness respectively type of surface sediments shown by the sediment echosounder respectively the side-scan-sonar is assumably due to variations in deposition or erosion. The composition of sediments is controlled by climatic cycles of different length which were caused by the variable influence of glaciation of the northern hemisphere. We think that during the quaternary a deep-water circulation reduced in intensity and O2-content may have produced a suboxic diagenetic environment which led to a remobilization and redeposition of Mn forming manganese nodules in the oxic surface sediments. Near the distinct redox boundary at about 10 cm depth the growth conditions for nodules are extremely favourable. Due to the great variability of sediments the impact of deep-sea mining will be highly variable and the disturbance of the seafloor will change the ecosystem considerably.

Jahrbuch.

Some issues also have distinctive titles.

Die Deutschen in Amerika; Fest-Schrift zum deutschen Tage in Chicago, gefeiert am Sonntag, den 4. Oktober '08 im Auditorium,

Mode of access: Internet.

Geschichte und Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum.

I. Abt. Die Voraussetzungen der Stadtbildung Roms. Die Dörfer des Westpalatinus. Die palatinische Stadt. Das Septimontium. Die ramnisch-titische Doppelstadt.-- II. Abt. Die Drei-Städte-Bund. Die Aventingemeinde. Die Einheitsstadt der Tarquinier.--III. Abt. Die Entwicklung im Allgemeinen. Die Sakralbauten. Die Anlagen politischen Charakters. Die Verkehrsanlagen. Die Anstalten für die Bedürfnisse des Lebens. Einzelperiegese. Verfall und Wiederaufdeckung der antiken Stadt.

Deutsche Bundes-Acte.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bungei to shūkyō /

Ōurisabaki: Tōkyōdō hoka.