Representaciones del estado nacional en tres novelas del período 1934 – 1962: Los sangurimas, Los hijos y El éxodo de Yangana

El presente trabajo es un esfuerzo de diálogo entre la literatura y las ciencias sociales ecuatorianas. Se realiza una lectura de las representaciones y propuestas sobre el Estado nacional ecuatoriano, en tres novelas del periodo 1934 a 1962: Los Sangurimas de José de la Cuadra, Los hijos de Alfonso Cuesta y Cuesta y El Éxodo de Yangana de Ángel F. Rojas. Describiremos, además, las transformaciones modernizadoras sociales de principios del siglo XX. En cuanto a las representaciones de la institución, se revisa los pasos iniciales de conformación del Estado nacional, los intentos modernizadores de su aparato estatal, y las tensiones entre el Estado y los sectores tradicionalmente excluidos que reclaman representatividad política. Se estudiará en las novelas una versión del concepto de Estado desarrollada por sociólogos e intelectuales ecuatorianos: el Estado nacional ecuatoriano. Por otro lado, las tres novelas evidencian la riqueza cultural expresada en la vida cotidiana de nuestras comunidades, pueblos y ciudades pequeñas en la primera mitad del siglo pasado; muestran también que la literatura anduvo, desde inicios del siglo XX, cerca de las realidades que las disciplinas sociales abordan. Las novelas ofrecen nuevos elementos de interpretación, tanto de la institución estatal (las alianzas y la normalización ejercida en relación con los poderes locales) como de las dinámicas de lo cotidiano, la organización de los grupos subalternos y los desafíos y posibilidades que trae la modernización.

La máscara transgresora: análisis e interpretación de la obra poética de David Ledesma Vázquez (1934-1961)

La presente tesis de maestría tiene como finalidad el análisis e interpretación de la obra poética del escritor ecuatoriano David Ledesma Vázquez (1934-1961), desarrollada en los años cincuenta del siglo XX. Para ello, se ha buscado entretejer varios componentes de su producción lírica, desde la perspectiva de dos conceptos modernos: el enmascaramiento y la transgresión, que a su vez se encuentran atravesados por temas relacionados con lo erótico, lo ficcional y lo existencial. Y, además, de ponerlos en diálogo con la poesía de Ledesma para así poder identificar estos elementos dentro de la producción ledesmiana. Por tal razón se ha considerado pertinente desarrollar un análisis de la obra de Ledesma desde algunas categorías, la mayoría de ellas modernas, sin descuidar la distancia que las separa de la época del poeta, posibilitar una relectura de su creación y, a la vez, realizar una nueva interpretación de su poesía, la cual es catalogada como una de las más interesantes de las producidas en el siglo anterior.

The audit of regional policy: 1934‐1939

This paper examines the cost-effectiveness of British regional policy during the 1930s. It takes issue with Correlli Barnett, who has argued that regional policy measures introduced from 1945 were already shown to be inefficient by the failure of similar assistance during the 1930s. The evolution of the main 1930s initiatives that influenced post-war policy is discussed and their effectiveness assessed. When account is taken of savings in government welfare payments these initiatives are shown to have been very cost-effective, producing an annual return to the exchequer of around 56%, or more.

De forasteiro a unanimidade: a interventoria de Juracy Magalhães na Bahia (1931-1934)

Esta dissertação tem como foco a política baiana, na primeira metade dos anos 1930. Centrando a análise na figura de Juracy Magalhães, que ocupou a interventoria do estado da Bahia de agosto de 1931 a outubro de 1934, quando foi eleito, de forma indireta, para governador do estado. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar quais estratégias de Juracy Magalhães permitiram que, em um curto espaço de tempo, o tenente cearense assumisse o controle político da Bahia. Ou seja, entender como o militar cearense, considerado um forasteiro na Bahia, consegue se transformar numa das mais importantes lideranças políticas do estado. Enfim, estudaremos o período de 1931 a 1934, que corresponde aos anos em que Juracy Magalhães edificou sua forma de atuação na política baiana.

Combater as secas e defender as florestas a natureza nos desafios da ciência e da técnica para modernizar o Brasil (1889 a 1934)

In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation

Fatores abióticos que afetam a distribuição do gênero Astyanax baird & Girard, 1854 em riachos de cabeceiras de Chapada dos Guimarães, bacia do Rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

The main factors that influence the species distribution are related mainly with the dispersion capacity, behavior, presence of other species and to the factors physicist-chemistries. Had been evaluated ecological factors that affect the distribution of the genus Astyanax in Chapada dos Guimaraes headstreams, Cuiaba River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Samples in 27 streams had been made in Chapada dos Guimaraes, and the fish had been collected through the method of electric fish, and the ambient data had been analyzed with one technique of called ordinance of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). 250 individuals had been collect, being 95 A. asuncionensis, 62 A. abramis, 36 A. lineatus and 57 individuals had been captured identified like A. scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) sensu Eigenmann, 1927. In relation the ambient characteristics, the variables gotten allowed two axes of the PCA, who explain 53,114 % of the variance of the seven variables analyzed. Axle 1, Main Component 1, explained 31,147 % and Axle 2, Main Component 2, explained 21,967 % of the variation of the ambient data. The formation of axle 1 was influenced positively by the depth and negative by the conductivity and pH. The formation of axle 2 was influenced positively by the Turbidity and negative to the Dissolved Oxygen. The ordinance of the species throughout for the axes corroborated for the understanding of the distribution of specimens.

Ultrastructural study of the salivary glands of the sugarcane spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854) (Euhemiptera : Cercopidae)

Spittlebugs are insects that suck sap from plants and regurgitate saliva containing toxic enzymes into the leaves. As a consequence, the conductive channels are blocked resulting in dry leaves, thus giving a burned aspect to the plantation. This work performed ultrastructural analyses of the salivary glands of the sugarcane spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata, since these organs produce the enzymes that are injected into the plants, thus being responsible for the economic losses in the production of sugarcane. Three kinds of secretory cells are found in principal gland, forming the lobules I-IV. The main differences among these cells relate to size, morphology and electron density of the secretory vesicles. The accessory glands contain different secretory vesicles to those in the principal gland. Muscular cells are found around the entire gland. The different secretory vesicles found in both principal and accessory glands indicate that the gland produces different substances or that the secretion in the interior of cells passes through a maturation process. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Population structure of two Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 (Teleostei, Characidae) species from upper Paraguaçu river

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Learedius learedi Price 1934 (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) in Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Testudines, Chelonidae) in Brazil: case report

Relata-se a ocorrência de Learedius learedi Price 1934 (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) em Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Testudines, Chelonidae) no Brasil. Onze animais foram examinados e destes, 54,6% estavam parasitados. Duzentos e cinqüenta e cinco exemplares de L. learedi foram recuperados de órgãos (coração, fígado, baço, pulmões, rins, mesentério) e do lavado corporal dos animais. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da helmintofauna de quelônios marinhos e sua distribuição geográfica. Este é o primeiro registro da ocorrência de L. learedi na região do Atlântico Sul Ocidental.