Croissance et ensemble nodal de fonctions propres du laplacien sur des surfaces

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les fonctions propres de l'opérateur de Laplace-Beltrami - ou simplement laplacien - sur une surface fermée, c'est-à-dire une variété riemannienne lisse, compacte et sans bord de dimension 2. Ces fonctions propres satisfont l'équation $\Delta_g \phi_\lambda + \lambda \phi_\lambda = 0$ et les valeurs propres forment une suite infinie. L'ensemble nodal d'une fonction propre du laplacien est celui de ses zéros et est d'intérêt depuis les expériences de plaques vibrantes de Chladni qui remontent au début du 19ème siècle et, plus récemment, dans le contexte de la mécanique quantique. La taille de cet ensemble nodal a été largement étudiée ces dernières années, notamment par Donnelly et Fefferman, Colding et Minicozzi, Hezari et Sogge, Mangoubi ainsi que Sogge et Zelditch. L'étude de la croissance de fonctions propres n'est pas en reste, avec entre autres les récents travaux de Donnelly et Fefferman, Sogge, Toth et Zelditch, pour ne nommer que ceux-là. Notre thèse s'inscrit dans la foulée du travail de Nazarov, Polterovich et Sodin et relie les propriétés de croissance des fonctions propres avec la taille de leur ensemble nodal dans l'asymptotique $\lambda \nearrow \infty$. Pour ce faire, nous considérons d'abord les exposants de croissance, qui mesurent la croissance locale de fonctions propres et qui sont obtenus à partir de la norme uniforme de celles-ci. Nous construisons ensuite la croissance locale moyenne d'une fonction propre en calculant la moyenne sur toute la surface de ces exposants de croissance, définis sur de petits disques de rayon comparable à la longueur d'onde. Nous montrons alors que la taille de l'ensemble nodal est contrôlée par le produit de cette croissance locale moyenne et de la fréquence $\sqrt{\lambda}$. Ce résultat permet une reformulation centrée sur les fonctions propres de la célèbre conjecture de Yau, qui prévoit que la mesure de l'ensemble nodal croît au rythme de la fréquence. Notre travail renforce également l'intuition répandue selon laquelle une fonction propre se comporte comme un polynôme de degré $\sqrt{\lambda}$. Nous généralisons ensuite nos résultats pour des exposants de croissance construits à partir de normes $L^q$. Nous sommes également amenés à étudier les fonctions appartenant au noyau d'opérateurs de Schrödinger avec petit potentiel dans le plan. Pour de telles fonctions, nous obtenons deux résultats qui relient croissance et taille de l'ensemble nodal.

Dynamics of two coupled chaotic multimode Nd:YAG lasers with intracavity frequency doubling crystal

The effect of coupling two chaotic Nd:YAG lasers with intracavity KTP crystal for frequency doubling is numerically studied for the case of the laser operating in three longitudinal modes. It is seen that the system goes from chaotic to periodic and then to steady state as the coupling constant is increased. The intensity time series and phase diagrams are drawn and the Lyapunov characteristic exponent is calculated to characterize the chaotic and periodic regions.

Numerical study of reverse period doubling route from chaos to stability in a two-mode intracavity doubled Nd-YAG laser

We have numerically studied the behavior of a two-mode Nd-YAG laser with an intracavity KTP crystal. It is found that when the parameter, which is a measure of the relative orientations of the KTP crystal with respect to the Nd-YAG crystal, is varied continuously, the output intensity fluctuations change from chaotic to stable behavior through a sequence of reverse period doubling bifurcations. The graph of the intensity in the X-polarized mode against that in the Y-polarized mode shows a complex pattern in the chaotic regime. The Lyapunov exponent is calculated for the chaotic and periodic regions.

Speech Analysis using Modern Techniques of Nonlinear Dynamics

Medical fields requires fast, simple and noninvasive methods of diagnostic techniques. Several methods are available and possible because of the growth of technology that provides the necessary means of collecting and processing signals. The present thesis details the work done in the field of voice signals. New methods of analysis have been developed to understand the complexity of voice signals, such as nonlinear dynamics aiming at the exploration of voice signals dynamic nature. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize complexities of pathological voice from healthy signals and to differentiate stuttering signals from healthy signals. Efficiency of various acoustic as well as non linear time series methods are analysed. Three groups of samples are used, one from healthy individuals, subjects with vocal pathologies and stuttering subjects. Individual vowels/ and a continuous speech data for the utterance of the sentence "iruvarum changatimaranu" the meaning in English is "Both are good friends" from Malayalam language are recorded using a microphone . The recorded audio are converted to digital signals and are subjected to analysis.Acoustic perturbation methods like fundamental frequency (FO), jitter, shimmer, Zero Crossing Rate(ZCR) were carried out and non linear measures like maximum lyapunov exponent(Lamda max), correlation dimension (D2), Kolmogorov exponent(K2), and a new measure of entropy viz., Permutation entropy (PE) are evaluated for all three groups of the subjects. Permutation Entropy is a nonlinear complexity measure which can efficiently distinguish regular and complex nature of any signal and extract information about the change in dynamics of the process by indicating sudden change in its value. The results shows that nonlinear dynamical methods seem to be a suitable technique for voice signal analysis, due to the chaotic component of the human voice. Permutation entropy is well suited due to its sensitivity to uncertainties, since the pathologies are characterized by an increase in the signal complexity and unpredictability. Pathological groups have higher entropy values compared to the normal group. The stuttering signals have lower entropy values compared to the normal signals.PE is effective in charaterising the level of improvement after two weeks of speech therapy in the case of stuttering subjects. PE is also effective in characterizing the dynamical difference between healthy and pathological subjects. This suggests that PE can improve and complement the recent voice analysis methods available for clinicians. The work establishes the application of the simple, inexpensive and fast algorithm of PE for diagnosis in vocal disorders and stuttering subjects.

Monte Carlo simulation of interface alloying

An Ising-like model, with interactions ranging up to next-nearest-neighbor pairs, is used to simulate the process of interface alloying. Interactions are chosen to stabilize an intermediate "antiferromagnetic" ordered structure. The dynamics proceeds exclusively by atom-vacancy exchanges. In order to characterize the process, the time evolution of the width of the intermediate ordered region and the diffusion length is studied. Both lengths are found to follow a power-law evolution with exponents depending on the characteristic features of the model.

Hysteresis and avalanches in the random anisotropy Ising model

ches. The critical point is characterized by a set of critical exponents, which are consistent with the universal values proposed from the study of other simpler models.

Finite-size scaling analysis of the avalanches in the three-dimensional Gaussian random-field Ising model with metastable dynamics

A numerical study is presented of the third-dimensional Gaussian random-field Ising model at T=0 driven by an external field. Standard synchronous relaxation dynamics is employed to obtain the magnetization versus field hysteresis loops. The focus is on the analysis of the number and size distribution of the magnetization avalanches. They are classified as being nonspanning, one-dimensional-spanning, two-dimensional-spanning, or three-dimensional-spanning depending on whether or not they span the whole lattice in different space directions. Moreover, finite-size scaling analysis enables identification of two different types of nonspanning avalanches (critical and noncritical) and two different types of three-dimensional-spanning avalanches (critical and subcritical), whose numbers increase with L as a power law with different exponents. We conclude by giving a scenario for avalanche behavior in the thermodynamic limit.

Disorder-induced critical phenomena in magnetically glassy Cu-Al-Mn alloys

Measurements of magnetic hysteresis loops in Cu-Al-Mn alloys of different Mn content at low temperatures are presented. The loops are smooth and continuous above a certain temperature, but exhibit a magnetization discontinuity below that temperature. Scaling analysis suggest that this system displays a disorder-induced phase transition line. Measurements allow one to determine the critical exponents ß=0.03±0.01 and ß¿=0.4±0.1, which coincide with those reported recently in a different system, thus supporting the existence of universality for disorder-induced critical points.

Diluted three-dimensional random field Ising model at zero temperature with metastable dynamics.

The influence of vacancy concentration on the behavior of the three-dimensional random field Ising model with metastable dynamics is studied. We have focused our analysis on the number of spanning avalanches which allows us a clear determination of the critical line where the hysteresis loops change from continuous to discontinuous. By a detailed finite-size scaling analysis we determine the phase diagram and numerically estimate the critical exponents along the whole critical line. Finally, we discuss the origin of the curvature of the critical line at high vacancy concentration.

An LMI approach to H∞ synchronization of second-order neutral master-slave systems

The H∞ synchronization problem of the master and slave structure of a second-order neutral master-slave systems with time-varying delays is presented in this paper. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the design of a delayed output-feedback control are given by Lyapunov-Krasovskii method in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI). A controller, which guarantees H∞ synchronization of the master and slave structure using some free weighting matrices, is then developed. A numerical example has been given to show the effectiveness of the method

Active control of structures with uncertain coupled subsystems and actuator dynamics

This paper deals with the problem of stabilizing a class of structures subject to an uncertain excitation due to the temporary coupling of the main system with another uncertain dynamical subsystem. A Lyapunov function based control scheme is proposed to attenuate the structural vibration. In the control design, the actuator dynamics is taken into account. The control scheme is implemented by using only feedback information of the main system. The effectiveness of the control scheme is shown for a bridge platform with crossing vehicle

A mixed H2/H∞-based semiactive control for vibration mitigation in flexible structures

In this paper, we address this problem through the design of a semiactive controller based on the mixed H2/H∞ control theory. The vibrations caused by the seismic motions are mitigated by a semiactive damper installed in the bottom of the structure. It is meant by semiactive damper, a device that absorbs but cannot inject energy into the system. Sufficient conditions for the design of a desired control are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A controller that guarantees asymptotic stability and a mixed H2/H∞ performance is then developed. An algorithm is proposed to handle the semiactive nature of the actuator. The performance of the controller is experimentally evaluated in a real-time hybrid testing facility that consists of a physical specimen (a small-scale magnetorheological damper) and a numerical model (a large-scale three-story building)

Exercise sheet 2 pdf

Exercises and solutions in PDF

Exercise sheet 2

Exercises and solutions in LaTex

Modelo de internacionalización para el sector BPO colombiano

Por medio del presente trabajo, se analizará en primera parte cuales son las teorías de internacionalización que se han desarrollado hasta el momento. El objetivo de esto es conocer y manejarlas con el fin de determinar cuál es la más apropiada para el sector BPO colombiano. Por medio de la contextualización acerca de la definición de Outsourcing, BPO y KPO, se analizaran los diferentes tipos, sus respectivas definiciones y diferencias. La finalidad de esta etapa es conocer y concluir cuales serían los posibles niveles de servicio a los que Colombia podría competir mundialmente. Para poder analizar cuál es el mejor modelo de internacionalización es necesario el análisis a nivel Colombia, en términos de costos de operación, capacidad del recurso humano, infraestructura e inversión. Lo importante de todo este análisis es determinar cuál es el nivel de Colombia, definiendo el estado del sector, detectando ventajas comparativas y posibles puntos que sean claves para determinar el modelo de internacionalización.