The fifth freedom and the Southern Cone: a new perspective

An ECLAC document to be published in the near future examines a subject that has become a frequent topic of discussion in recent years, particularly in the Southern Cone of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay), where the greatest volume of land transport in South America is concentrated. Against a background of economic liberalization and integration in the region, and at a time when the development of regional transport infrastructures is growing in importance, the ECLAC Transport Unit analyses the Southern Cone Agreement on International Land Transport (Valparaíso, 1989) in an effort to give it fresh relevance and to determine whether its provisions can cope with the new challenges thrown up by more open international transport markets and management.

United States Trade Developments 2012-2013

Includes bibliography.

Revista CEPAL no.105

La dinámica del consumo energético industrial en América Latina y sus implicancias para un desarrollo sostenible / Hugo Altomonte, Nelson Correa, Diego Rivas y Giovanni Stumpo .-- La desigualdad del ingreso y los mercados de crédito / Adolfo Figueroa .-- Trinidad y Tabago: Desigualdades salariales intersectoriales / Allister Mounsey y Tracy Polius .-- México: Alza de precios de los alimentos y restricciones al crecimiento / Moritz Cruz, Armando Sánchez y Edmund Amann .-- Una mirada al auge exportador chileno / Raphael Bergoeing, Alejandro Micco y Andrea Repetto .-- Chile: Pensión anticipada, impaciencia y aversión al riesgo / Jaime Ruiz-Tagle y Pablo Tapia .-- Márgenes de ganancia, financiamiento e inversión del sector empresarial peruano (1998-2008) / Germán Alarco T. .-- ¿Se debe el mayor rendimiento de las escuelas de gestión privada en la Argentina al tipo de administración? / María Marta Formichella .-- Tecnología, comercio y calificación en el Brasil: Evidencias de datos microeconómicos / Bruno César Araújo, Francesco Bogliacino y Marco Vivarelli .-- Brasil: Cambio estructural y crecimiento con restricción de balanza de pagos / João Prates Romero, Fabrício Silveira y Frederico G. Jayme Jr. .-- Jueces de la Revista CEPAL año 2010 y enero-agosto 2011 .-- Orientaciones para los colaboradores de la Revista cepal.

CEPAL Review no.82

The devious maze of the international order: the importation of reforms / David Ibarra. -- Foreign banks in Latin America: a paradoxical result / Graciela Moguillansky, Rogerio Studart and Sebastián Vergara. -- A proposal for unitary taxes on the profits of transnational corporations / Andrew Mold. -- Regional integration and macroeconomic coordination in Latin America / Hubert Escaith. -- Import substitution in high-tech industries: Prebisch lives in Asia! / Alice H. Amsden. -- Industrial competitiveness in Brazil ten years after economic liberalization / João Carlos Ferraz, David Kupfer and Mariana Iootty. -- The influence of capital origin on Brazilian foreign trade patterns / Célio Hiratuka and Fernanda De Negri. -- Information and knowledge: the diffusion of information and communication technologies in the Argentine manufacturing sector / Gabriel Yoguel, Marta Novick, Darío Milesi, Sonia Roitter and José Borello. -- Local economic development and decentralization in Latin America / Francisco Alburquerque, in memory of Gabriel Aghón. -- Migrations, the labour market and poverty in Greater Buenos Aires / Rosalía Cortés and Fernando Groisman. -- Households, poverty and policy in times of crisis. Mexico, 1992-1996 / Benjamin Davis, Sudhanshu Handa and Humberto Soto. -- CEPAL Review on the Internet. -- Recent ECLAC publications.

The impact of China’s incursion into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on intra-industry trade

China has become a major player in world trade. Although it has not signed any trade agreements with the countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), China has been gaining ground as a supplier of goods, making vigorous inroads into this area. One of the dominant trends in economic integration has been the development of intra-industry trade, which has flourished in the nafta signatory countries. This paper focuses on the analysis of intra-industry trade in the context of this free trade area, where the production structure of the countries involved has changed significantly since trade liberalization, revealing the internationalization of production chains. Lastly, changes in the trade structure induced by the growing presence of China in the nafta region are captured. Trade within this area works like a radiated wheel, with the United States acting as the axis, while China, Canada and Mexico operate as the spokes.

An assessment of the performance of CARICOM extraregional trade agreements: An initial scoping exercise

Despite its active embrace of trade liberalization and the maintainance of relatively open economies, CARICOM trade performance both within the region and extraregionally has been poor. The nexus between bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), Partial Scope Agreements (PSAs) and preferential trade arrangements, which was intended to assist in compensating for the small size of domestic and regional markets, while providing an additional tier of trade and economic integration, has thus far failed to deliver its intended results. This paper makes this conclusion in assessing the performance of these extraregional trade agreements and sheds light on issues not often discussed.

As três camadas da política externa do governo Collor: poder, legitimidade e dissonância

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

O acordo sobre agricultura na Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) e seus reflexos na defesa comercial agrícola no Brasil e nos países em desenvolvimento

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Esforço de modernidade do mercado de capitais no Brasil: o novo mercado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dos décadas de Neoliberalismo en México: resultados y retos

Este estudio evalúa el cambio al neoliberalismo en México después de considerar su experiencia con el modelo de la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (ISI), incluso las aperturas comercial y financiera y las privatizaciones. La primera sección evalúa el NAFTA y la creciente integración con los EE.UU., y el papel particular de la industria maquiladora en el contexto de la estrategia del desarrollo de México. La siguiente sección presenta los resultados de las dos décadas de políticas neoliberales em México, considerando el impacto para los trabajadores, el medio ambiente y la población mexicana en general, y, en especial, la crisis del peso en 1994-95. Los resultados principales por el período neoliberal son los siguientes: tasas de crecimiento del PIB son aproximadamente la mitad del período de la ISI; salarios reales manufactureros de 2004 son solamente 70% del nivel de 1980; y desempleo y miseria aumentaron de manera clara. Finalmente, los intentos de desafiar el modelo neoliberal específico que México sigue buscando son presentados y discutidos.

Configurações contemporâneas do complexo agroindustrial do leite: produção, industrialização e consumo no Estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O Brasil e o novo desenvolvimentismo

The global economic scenario, from the late 1980s, it was predominantly marked by the hegemony of political and economic orthodoxy. The strength of a great political pact that brought together the financial sector, rentiers and the big capital, and had the Washington Consensus as base, induced countries to adopt liberalizing policies such as trade liberalization, privatization and deregulation. The failure of these policies, manifested in unemployment, external vulnerability and low growth has led to a change in economic direction, particularly after the election of President Lula. Amid this situation, we can see a reorientation of the role of the Brazilian state, in response to a movement of their own society organized to implement a new national strategy, with the state as a promoter of development. In this project of a new strategy, the state action becomes strategic and not systemic, turning to strengthen national companies in strategic sectors and internationally competitive. In this ongoing process of a new development strategy, we adopted the conceptualization of what Bresser-Pereira calls the new developmentalism.

Empresas transnacionais na economia brasileira: uma análise do comércio intracorporação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A institucionalização da agricultura familiar no mercosul

The Mercosul project, signed in 1991, represents the union of a political project, characterized by a democratic agreement among its members, with an economical project characterized by the trade liberalization among its regional members and among these with the global economy. So, it was constituted, with the aim to expand the national trades by the integration, to increase the economic development process with social justice. However, the Mercosul follows the historical trajectory of Latin America integration, characterized by models that aimed the economical development from the strengthening of the industry. According to that, the Mercosul politics are priority for economic issues, focused in the industrialization and trade relations, giving less priority to the social demands. In opposition to such ideas, in 2004 was created the Especialized Meeting about Family Farm (Reunião Especializada sobre Agricultura Familiar - REAF) in the Mercosul, that aim to strengthen the public policies of the sector, to promote the commercialization of the family farm products in the region. So, the family farm, a sector historically marginalized from the integration projects, it is institutionalized in the Mercosul. In that way, the aim of this research is to discuss the reasons that leaded to the family farm institutionalization, and also to analyze the advances and problems of the Especialized Meeting about Family Farm