Relative influence of age, resting heart rate and sedentary life style in short-term analysis of heart rate variability

In order to assess the relative influence of age, resting heart rate (HR) and sedentary life style, heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in two different groups. The young group (YG) consisted of 9 sedentary subjects aged 15 to 20 years (YG-S) and of 9 nonsedentary volunteers (YG-NS) also aged 15 to 20. The elderly sedentary group (ESG) consisted of 16 sedentary subjects aged 39 to 82 years. HRV was assessed using a short-term procedure (5 min). R-R variability was calculated in the time-domain by means of the root mean square successive differences. Frequency-domain HRV was evaluated by power spectrum analysis considering high frequency and low frequency bands. In the YG the effort tolerance was ranked in a bicycle stress test. HR was similar for both groups while ESG showed a reduced HRV compared with YG. Within each group, HRV displayed a negative correlation with HR. Although YG-NS had better effort tolerance than YG-S, their HR and HRV were not significantly different. We conclude that HRV is reduced with increasing HR or age, regardless of life style. The results obtained in our short-term study agree with others of longer duration by showing that age and HR are the main determinants of HRV. Our results do not support the idea that changes in HRV are related to regular physical activity.

Ethical leadership as a way to promote work-related well-being

The purpose of this study was to clarify the connections of ethical leadership with the work-related well-being of employees. Additionally, the role of occupational health care in ethical leadership that promotes work-related well- being was analyzed. The objective of the study was to produce knowledge to support the development of ethical leadership and work-related well-being as well as to find ways for occupational health care to support organizations in these actions. The target groups of this study consisted of the managers (N=43) and employees (N=336) working in one organization in the Finnish energy industry. The population was studied in November 2014 using census. The data was gathered with two different web-based surveys containing structured and open questions. The survey for managers consisted of background questions and statements concerning ethical leadership, work-related well-being and occupational health care. The employee questionnaire consisted of questions about background and statements about work-related well-being and ethical leadership. The structured questions were analyzed with SPSS Statistical Program and the open questions using inductive content analysis. At least 80 % of the managers saw their actions as ethical in all but one part of ethical leadership. The work-related well-being of the employees was found best in the area of ability to work (91 % agreed) and lowest in the area of experience of ethical leadership (67 % agreed). The results showed a strong positive connection between ethical leadership and all the components of work- related well-being. The managers and employees were generally quite happy with the services of occupational health care but managers saw some problems with the collaboration with occupational health care. Several ways to improve work-related well-being and collaboration with occupational health care were found. One of the most important things was thought to be offering ways to maintain ability to work and making these actions visible. Investing in ethical leadership and work-related well-being is extremely important for the success of an organization and the societal benefits cannot be forgotten either. The role of occupational health care in promoting the health and well-being of employees is substantial. Occupational health care should offer managers more tools to recognize difficult situations and acting in them as well as encourage managers to seek help from occupational health care without hesitation in problematic situations of leadership.

Stretching the drum skin : an analysis of power relations in leadership and succession in the Evangelical Lutheran church in Tanzania-Northern diocese 1942– 1993

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Ethical leadership as a way to promote work-related well-being

The purpose of this study was to clarify the connections of ethical leadership with the work-related well-being of employees. Additionally, the role of occupational health care in ethical leadership that promotes work-related well- being was analyzed. The objective of the study was to produce knowledge to support the development of ethical leadership and work-related well-being as well as to find ways for occupational health care to support organizations in these actions. The target groups of this study consisted of the managers (N=43) and employees (N=336) working in one organization in the Finnish energy industry. The population was studied in November 2014 using census. The data was gathered with two different web-based surveys containing structured and open questions. The survey for managers consisted of background questions and statements concerning ethical leadership, work-related well-being and occupational health care. The employee questionnaire consisted of questions about background and statements about work-related well-being and ethical leadership. The structured questions were analyzed with SPSS Statistical Program and the open questions using inductive content analysis. At least 80 % of the managers saw their actions as ethical in all but one part of ethical leadership. The work-related well-being of the employees was found best in the area of ability to work (91 % agreed) and lowest in the area of experience of ethical leadership (67 % agreed). The results showed a strong positive connection between ethical leadership and all the components of work- related well-being. The managers and employees were generally quite happy with the services of occupational health care but managers saw some problems with the collaboration with occupational health care. Several ways to improve work-related well-being and collaboration with occupational health care were found. One of the most important things was thought to be offering ways to maintain ability to work and making these actions visible. Investing in ethical leadership and work-related well-being is extremely important for the success of an organization and the societal benefits cannot be forgotten either. The role of occupational health care in promoting the health and well-being of employees is substantial. Occupational health care should offer managers more tools to recognize difficult situations and acting in them as well as encourage managers to seek help from occupational health care without hesitation in problematic situations of leadership.

Mélanges historiques et juridiques : formulaires et protocoles ; Style du Parlement, de Guillaume DU BREUIL ; ordonnances et actes divers du XIVe siècle ; obsèques de Charles VI ; extraits des Registres du Parlement.

Contient : Sciendum des notaires et secrétaires du Roi : « Sciendum est quod v[adia] notarii sunt sex solidi parisienses per diem... » [même texte latin dans les mss franç. 6021, f. 36, et 18368, f. 83 ; texte français daus les mss franç. 18239, f. 1, 18281, f. 399 v, etc.] ; « Cy après s'ensuivent aucunes notes et enseignemens, touchant les offices des notaires et secrétaires du Roy nostre sire » ; « Prothocole » ou formules de suscriptions « de lettres closes », et formules de lettres empruntées aux chancelleries de Charles VI et de Charles VII ; Formulaire de la chancellerie de France, de l'époque de Charles V, en latin : « Lilterarum regiarum quedam diriguntur subditis regni... » ; Style du Parlement, par Guillaume DU BREUIL ; Notes concernant les pairs de France (f. 71 v), — les « éveschez estant en régale » (f. 71 v), — les cas royaux (f. 72), — les « cas dont congnoist la court laye » (f. 72), etc ; Ordonnances concernant le Parlement et la justice : Ordonnances de Philippe VI de Valois, 13 mars 1344/5 (f. 75), et décembre 1344 (f. 85 v), — et de Jean II le Bon, mai 1355 (f. 93), et décembre 1363 (f. 107) ; Instruction pour la conservation des « droiz de souverainetez et de ressort et autres droiz roiaulx » dans la ville et baronnie de Montpellier, 8 mai 1372 [Ordonnances des rois de France, t. V, 1736, pp. 479-480] ; Actes divers de Charles V, juillet 1363 [?] (f. 114), et mars 1371/2 (f. 115), — et de Philippe VI de Valois, 10 juillet 1336 (f. 117) ; Ordonnance de Philippe VI de Valois, concernant le jugement des procès en matière réelle, 1330 [Or donnances des rois de France, t. II, 1729, pp. 63-64] ; « La manière de faire les obsèques du roy de France, et mesmement du roy Charles VI », novembre 1422 : « Le duc de Bedfort, régent du royaulme de France... » [cf. ms. français 1850, f. 141] ; « Secuntur plura arresta extracta a registris Parlamenti... » ; Autre série d'arrêts, d'une main plus récente ; Choses dont il faut souhaiter que « Dieu nous gart »