Refinement and variability techniques in model transformation of software requirements

Tese de Doutoramento em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação

A sixth-order finite volume method for the 1D biharmonic operator: application to intramedullary nail simulation

A new very high-order finite volume method to solve problems with harmonic and biharmonic operators for one- dimensional geometries is proposed. The main ingredient is polynomial reconstruction based on local interpolations of mean values providing accurate approximations of the solution up to the sixth-order accuracy. First developed with the harmonic operator, an extension for the biharmonic operator is obtained, which allows designing a very high-order finite volume scheme where the solution is obtained by solving a matrix-free problem. An application in elasticity coupling the two operators is presented. We consider a beam subject to a combination of tensile and bending loads, where the main goal is the stress critical point determination for an intramedullary nail.

Empathy and heart rate variability: a need and a mechanism of emotion regulation

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia

Intra and inter-individual differences in social intelligence of Portuguese students

Social intelligence is a favorable condition for career decision-making and development. The social intelligence indices of Portuguese students in school years prior to a career transition are characterized and intra and interindividual differences are analyzed. Participants were 1095 students (552, 50.4% women) with a mean age of 14.78 years (SD = 1.86), in the 8th (542, 49.5%), 10th (295, 26.9%) and 11th (258, 23.6%) grades. The Cognitive Test of Social Intelligence (PCIS) was administered at two moments, six months apart. Results indicate that the 8th grade obtained higher average scores in Problem Solving, Motivation and Self-confidence (time 1), while the 10th grade obtained better results in Problem Solving, Motivation and Familiarity (time 2). Between the assessment moments, all school years register an increase in Problem Solving and Self-confidence in social situations. These results constitute favorable psychological conditions for the promotion of ethical questioning in career guidance interventions.

Invasão de áreas de savana intra-amazônicas por Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Neste estudo, foi avaliada a invasão da comunidade de Scarabaeinae detritívoros de uma savana amazônica pela espécie africana Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius 1787). O estudo foi realizado nas proximidades da vila de Alter do Chão (2º 31' S e 55º 00' W), localizada a aproximadamente 36 km a sudoeste de Santarém, Pará, Brasil. Vinte e duas áreas de savanas de 3,75 ha (250 x 150 m) distribuídas em 30.000 ha foram amostradas, no período de 21 de julho a 13 de agosto de 2003, utilizando 66 armadilhas de queda com três tipos de iscas (fezes bovinas, fezes humanas e carcaças). Foram encontrados indivíduos de D. gazella em quatro das vinte e duas áreas amostradas. Procurou-se explicar a presença da espécie nas áreas de savana através de análises de regressão logística, onde as variáveis explicativas foram: ocorrência de queimada nos últimos seis anos, diversidade e abundância total de Scarabaeidae nativos presentes na área, abundância de Canthon sp.1, (espécie de Scarabaeidae mais abundante na região). Exceto pela abundância total de indivíduos de Scarabaeidae nativos, nenhuma das variáveis bióticas e abióticas tiveram efeito estatisticamente significativo na presença do D. gazella. Estes resultados podem ser explicados por: (a) algum fator ainda não analisado, relacionado à invasão da área pelo D. gazella; (b) Não houve tempo para a dispersão e estabelecimento da espécie em todas as áreas; (c) A comunidade nativa de Scarabaeinae apresenta resistência à invasão pelo D. gazella.

Structural and successional variability of periphytic algal community in a Amazonian lake during the dry and rainy season (Rio Branco, Acre)

The colonization process and successional patterns of a periphytic algal community were evaluated in a Amazonian Viveiro Lake (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). Sampling was performed over a period of 35 days; at four-day intervals for 20 days, and then at five-day intervals. Water sampling for physical, chemical and biological analyses was done during the dry and rainy season. Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for periphyton colonization. The structural community was evaluated through population density, algae class, diversity indices and descriptive species. Species richness, diversity and evenness increased as succession progressed. While density of Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae increased with succession, Cyanobacteria remained dominant. Synechocystis aquatilis, Synechocystis diplococcus and Navicula pseudolanceolata were the main descriptive species in both the dry and rainy season. Cymbela tumida, Frustulia rhomboides, Trachelomonas lacustris and Closterium acicularis was correlated with an increase in hydrologic level during the rainy season. Conversely, the density of Chlamydomonas sp., Chroomonas nordstedtii, Trachelomonas volvocinopsis, Trachelomonas volvocina and Synechococcus linearis was correlated with an increase in water transparency during the dry season. In general, the periphytic algal community showed high diversity and species richness independent of season. Season also had little influence on representation of algae class and main descriptive species. However, successional patterns varied by season, and changes in hydrologic levels acted directly on the succession path of periphytic algae. More research on periphyton dynamics is needed to improve our understanding of tropical lake ecosystems, especially in Amazonian.

Balanceamento e redefinição de layouts de células de costura de uma empresa da indústria automóvel

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Segmentação do tecido tumoral cerebral em imagens de ressonância magnética

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Eletrónica Médica)

High-level of viral genomic diversity in cervical cancers: a Brazilian study on human papillomavirus type 16

Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the third most frequent cancer among women worldwide and is associated with persistent infection by carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The combination of large populations of viral progeny and decades of sustained infection may allow for the generation of intra-patient diversity, in spite of the assumedly low mutation rates of PVs. While the natural history of chronic HPVs infections has been comprehensively described, within-host viral diversity remains largely unexplored. In this study we have applied next generation sequencing to the analysis of intra-host genetic diversity in ten ICC and one condyloma cases associated to single HPV16 infection. We retrieved from all cases near full-length genomic sequences. All samples analyzed contained polymorphic sites, ranging from 3 to 125 polymorphic positions per genome, and the median probability of a viral genome picked at random to be identical to the consensus sequence in the lesion was only 40%. We have also identified two independent putative duplication events in two samples, spanning the L2 and the L1 gene, respectively. Finally, we have identified with good support a chimera of human and viral DNA. We propose that viral diversity generated during HPVs chronic infection may be fueled by innate and adaptive immune pressures. Further research will be needed to understand the dynamics of viral DNA variability, differentially in benign and malignant lesions, as well as in tissues with differential intensity of immune surveillance. Finally, the impact of intralesion viral diversity on the long-term oncogenic potential may deserve closer attention.

Endocardite infecciosa em adolescentes. Análise dos fatores de risco de mortalidade intra-hospitalar

OBJETIVO: Estudar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, terapêuticos e evolutivos da endocardite infecciosa (EI) em grupo de pacientes com idade entre 12 e 20 (média de 15,5) anos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 33 pacientes consecutivos (14 do sexo masculino e 19 do feminino), admitidos com diagnóstico de EI. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade da EI foi de 42%. A cardiopatia reumática predominou como condição predisponente (63% dos casos), seguida das cardiopatias congênitas (24%) e próteses cardíacas (12%). A maioria dos pacientes (78%) encontrava-se na admissão em CF III e IV e apresentava mortalidade significativamente maior do que os que se encontravam na CF I e II (p=0,01). Complicações embólicas foram detectadas em 51% e determinaram maior mortalidade (p=0,05). O agente etiológico mais isolado foi o Staphylococcus aureus (em 42% das hemoculturas positivas), seguido do Staphylococcus viridans (em 21%). A análise multivariada mostrou que a contagem global de leucócitos acima de 10.000/mm ³, e a CF referidos na admissão (p=0,01 e p=0,04), e a ocorrência de embolias (p=0,03) eram preditores independentes de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: A cardiopatia reumática permanece, semelhante à população adulta, como principal fator predisponente da EI nos adolescentes, tendo como principal agente etiológico o S.aureus, semelhante à população pediátrica. A mortalidade é elevada e representam preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar a CF na admissão, a ocorrência da fenômenos embólicos e a leucocitose.

Evolução intra-hospitalar e seguimento pós-alta de pacientes idosos atendidos com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva na unidade de emergência

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a evolução intra-hospitalar (IH) e pós-alta (PA) de uma população predominantemente idosa, com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) na unidade de emergência (UE). MÉTODOS: Durante 11 meses, foram selecionados 57 pacientes consecutivos com ICC, atendidos em EU, com idade média de 69+15 (27 a 94) anos, sendo 39 (68,4%) homens. O diagnóstico de ICC baseou-se nos critérios de Boston. Avaliou-se a evolução IH e PA num período médio de 5,7+2,7 (1 a 12) meses, procurando-se identificar variáveis que se correlacionassem com a mortalidade e o mecanismo de morte, avaliado pelo sistema ACME . RESULTADOS: Oito (14%) pacientes faleceram na fase IH, sendo 7 por falência circulatória (FC), e 1 em pós-operatório (PO). Durante o seguimento ocorreram 9 (18,4%) óbitos, sendo 5 por FC, 2 mortes súbitas e 2 em PO (troca valvar mitral e ventriculectomia). A sobrevida dos pacientes que tiveram alta foi de 82% e 66%, aos 6 meses e 1 ano, respectivamente. Sódio sérico <135mEq/l (p= 0,004) e sexo feminino (p= 0,038) foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes idosos com ICC atendidos em UE apresentam mortalidade IH e PA elevadas e alta taxa de reinternação hospitalar. A maioria morre por falência circulatória decorrente da progressão da ICC.

Sex differences in the fetal heart rate variability indices of twins

Aims: To evaluate the differences in linear and complex heart rate dynamics in twin pairs according to fetal sex combination [male-female (MF), male-male (MM), and female-female (FF)]. Methods: Fourteen twin pairs (6 MF, 3 MM, and 5 FF) were monitored between 31 and 36.4 weeks of gestation. Twenty-six fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings of both twins were simultaneously acquired and analyzed with a system for computerized analysis of cardiotocograms. Linear and nonlinear FHR indices were calculated. Results: Overall, MM twins presented higher intrapair average in linear indices than the other pairs, whereas FF twins showed higher sympathetic-vagal balance. MF twins exhibited higher intrapair average in entropy indices and MM twins presented lower entropy values than FF twins considering the (automatically selected) threshold rLu. MM twin pairs showed higher intrapair differences in linear heart rate indices than MF and FF twins, whereas FF twins exhibited lower intrapair differences in entropy indices. Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study suggest that twins have sex-specific differences in linear and nonlinear indices of FHR. MM twins expressed signs of a more active autonomic nervous system and MF twins showed the most active complexity control system. These results suggest that fetal sex combination should be taken into consideration when performing detailed evaluation of the FHR in twins.

Intra-His bundle block: clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of patients (pt) with intra-His bundle block undergoing an electrophysiologic study (EPS). METHODS: We analyzed the characteristics of 16 pt with second-degree atrioventricular block and symptoms of syncope or dyspnea, or both, undergoing conventional EPS. RESULTS: Intra-His bundle block was documented in 16 pt during an EPS. In 15 (94%) pt, the atrioventricular block was recorded in sinus rhythm; 4 (25%) pt had intra-His Wenckebach phenomenon, which correlated with Mobitz I (MI) atrioventricular block on the electrocardiogram. Seven (44%) pt had 2:1 atrioventricular block, 2 of whom were asymptomatic (12.5%). One (6%) pt had intra- and infra-His bundle block. Clinically, 11 (68%) pt had syncope or presyncope, 3 (18%) had dyspnea on exertion, and 2 (12.5%) were asymptomatic. Eight (50%) pt had bundle-branch block as follows: 4 (25%) pt had left bundle-branch block, and 4 (25%) had right bundle-branch block. Left anterosuperior divisional block was observed in 3 pt (19%), 2 of whom with associated right bundle-branch block. CONCLUSION: Intra-His bundle block was observed in 11% of the pt with second-degree atrioventricular block, syncope or presyncope, or both, it being the most frequent clinical presentation. Intra-His bundle block was more common in the elderly (> 60 years) and among females. The most frequent electrocardiographic presentations were second-degree Mobitz I or type 2:1 atrioventricular block.

Effect of oscillatory breathing on the variability of the RR Intervals and its prognostic importance in individuals with left ventricular global systolic dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of the oscillatory breathing on the variability of RR intervals (VRR) and on prognostic significance after one year follow-up in subjects with left ventricular global systolic dysfunction. METHODS: We studied 76 subjects, whose age ranged from 40 to 80 years, paired for age and gender, divided into two groups: group I - 34 healthy subjects; group II - 42 subjects with left ventricular global systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction < 0.40). The ECG signals were acquired during 600s in supine position, and analyzed the variation of the thoracic amplitude and the VRR. Clinical and V-RR variables were applied into a logistic multivariate model to foretell survival after one year follow-up. RESULTS: Oscillatory breathing was detected in 35.7% of subjects in vigil state of group II, with a concentration of the spectral power in the very low frequency band, and was independent of the presence of diabetes, functional class, ejection fraction, cause of ventricular dysfunction and survival after one year follow-up. In the logistic regression model, ejection fraction was the only independent variable to predict survival. CONCLUSION: 1) Oscillatory breathing pattern is frequent during wakefulness in the left ventricular global systolic dysfunction and concentrates spectral power in the very low band of V-RR; 2) it does not relate to severity and cause of left ventricular dysfunction; 3) ejection fraction is the only independent predictive variable for survival in this group of subjects.

Braquiterapia intracoronariana. Tratamento da reestenose intra-stent com o sistema Beta-Cath: experiência inicial na América Latina

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a segurança e eficácia da braquiterapia intracoronariana usando o sistema Beta-CathTM na prevenção da recorrência de restenose intra-stent (RIS), por meio da análise dos resultados clínicos, angiográficos e pelo ultra-som intracoronariano (USIC). MÉTODO: Foram submetidos à angioplastia com cateter-balão, seguida de beta-radiação intracoronariana com o sistema Beta-CathTM (90Sr/Y) 30 pacientes com RIS em artérias coronárias nativas e, posteriormente, avaliados. RESULTADOS: Incluíram-se lesões reestenóticas complexas (77% do tipo difuso-proliferativo) com extensão elevada (18,66±4,15 mm). O sucesso da braquiterapia foi de 100%. A dose média utilizada foi de 20,7±2,3 Gy, liberada em um período médio de 3,8±2,1 min. No seguimento tardio, o diâmetro luminal mínimo (DLM) intra-stent diminuiu discretamente (1,98±0,30mm para 1,84±0,39 aos 6 meses, p=0,13), com uma perda tardia de 0,14±0,18 mm. O DLM intra-segmentar foi significativamente menor do que o intra-stent (1,55±0,40mm vs.1,84±0,39mm, p=0,008), associando-se à perda tardia (0,40±0,29mm vs. 0,14±0,18mm; p=0,0001). No USIC, observou-se discreto incremento do tecido neointimal em 6,8±14,3 mm³ aos 6 meses (p=0,19) e a percentagem de obstrução volumétrica aumentou em 4,7±7,5%. A reestenose binária e a revascularização do vaso-alvo recorreram em 17% dos casos; houve 1 caso (3%) de oclusão tardia, associada a infarto do miocárdio. A sobrevida livre de eventos foi de 80%. CONCLUSÃO: O manejo da reestenose intra-stent com a beta-radiação intracoronariana mostrou-se procedimento seguro e eficaz, com alta taxa de sucesso imediato, representando uma opção terapêutica para a inibição da hiperplasia neointimal.