Mapeamento da condutividade hidráulica da cobertura do aquífero Guarani, situado na bacia hidrográfica dos rios Jacaré-Guaçú e Jacaré-Pepira, na porção centro-norte do estado de São Paulo

Given the importance of preserving the water quality of the Guarani Aquifer, the work done in the hydrographic basin of the rivers Jacaré-Guaçú e Jacaré-Pepira, located in the central-northern São Paulo state, was made to map the hydraulic conductivity from the use of some empirical methods associated with granulometric analysis and in situ testing, specifically with the Guelph permeameter. All results were submitted to a correlation analysis and subsequently mapped using the methodology of minimum curvature, based on numerical techniques Spline. These procedures provide for studies of aquifer vulnerability and assist in decision making in environmental projects and guidelines for urban planning

Diagnóstico ambiental no período frio e seco do Córrego Bandeirantes, município de Rio Claro, SP: parâmetros físicos, químicos e físico-químicos

The present study was concerned with checking the water quality, the recovery of the riparian vegetation and vegetation around the springhead of stream Bandeirantes, such as the inadequate disposal of waste along this stream, which is located in Rio Claro, SP, in the period from March to July of 2010. Aiming to propose mitigation measures to reverse the degradation processes and develop activities to help a better awareness of the population directly related to this water resource. The water quality was analyzed by performing monthly sampling in three different points along the stream. The first point of sampling is in the spring of the stream, the second at the region called estradão and the third near its mouth, when it flows into the Ribeirão Claro, a tributary of the right bank of the Corumbataí river. It was calculated from the Water Quality Index (WQI) developed by Cetesb. The results were compared with current law. The riparian vegetation, which is responsible for the protection of rivers and streams, was observed and examined during the field work. The results indicated the stream as class 2 and the WQI has been classified, in the most of the analysis, such as a water of good quality. However, some parameters showed a worrying situation and highlighted the current situation, with waste deposits, furniture and animal waste into the pit of the stream studied

Avaliação da erosão hídrica, transporte de sedimentos e qualidade da água na bacia do córrego Monjolo Grande

Understanding the linkages between the natural elements is essential for being promoted the land use, occupation and sustainable management of environmental systems. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as a predictive model of erosion, is important to allowing the prevention of possible environmental impacts which may drastically interfere in natural or anthropic environments, as well as prevent potential financial wastes and even contribute to greater efficiency of agricultural production. This research will be working some USLE parameters, emphasizing topographic factor from Ribeirão Monjolo Grande watershed. Among the factors considered by the USLE, the Topographic Factor interferes directly in the erosive dynamic of a watershed because it involves variables related to hydrological processes that occur on it. In this research, were discussed different methods for obtaining the Topographic Factor (BERTONI e LOMBARDI NETO, 1985; MOORE e BURCH, 1986; DESMET E GOVERS, 1996) in GIS environment. After comparison between the methods, was indicated that best represents the conditions of geometry strand of the study area. Finally, other factors (R, K, C, P) considered by the USLE were obtained. The attainment of these parameters were guided by the use of geotechnologies, especially in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with the assistance of secondary data and periodic field visits. The results obtained contributed to the understanding of hydrosedimentological dynamic in this area and serve as a viable strategy for studies of soil loss, aiming at developing consistent material for future researches about environmental planning and land management

Análise das alterações geomorfológicas decorrentes dos processos de urbanização na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Lavapés, em Rio Claro/SP

In the last 60 years, many Brazilian cities practically doubled their population contingent. As a result of this process, there was an increase on the occupation level on unstable areas, from a physical point of view, and on the anthropogenic interventions at the natural ambient, reorganizing the existent process and forms. Thus, this work shows the results of the analysis of geomorphological changes deriving from urbanization processes at the Lavapés Stream watershed, located at Rio Claro county (SP). The goal of this work was reached by means of historical-evolutionary geomorphological cartography. To achieve this result, it had been prepared geomorphological and land usage charts for the years of 1962, 1988 and 2010, and a declivity chart. Those scenarios have been analyzed from the point of view of the General Systems Theory. The results were attached into an urban use restrictions chart, which allowed identifying the areas that should not be occupied, by geomorphological view and by environmental law restrictions

Modelagem do transporte de sedimentos na alta Bacia do Córrego Cachoeirinha (Rio Claro, SP) através do software Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

This study aimed to simulate and evaluate the sediment transport in Upper Basin Stream Cachoeirinha in Rio Claro, SP, and compare the results with previous studies performed in the same basin. The modeling software used in this study was Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a very comprehensive tool that discusses many physical processes. In this work, the hydrosedimentological processes were treated, aiming to understand the sediment production and transport. The Basin Stream Cachoeirinha has an area with predominantly agricultural use, especially sugar cane. The database for inclusion in software was constructed from the following elements: climatic, topographical, soil type and use and land cover of the area, also including the parameters of Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The analysis was conducted for a period of 16 years (1994-2010), which is the range of data available from CEAPLA. The results were analyzed in terms of annual runoff and sediment yield. The average sediment delivery in the simulation was 0.94 t/ha/year, while the maximum annual contribution was 7.28 t/ha/year

Caracterização da fauna de vertebrados ao longo da Bacia do Ribeirão Tanquinho – Botucatu/SP

O Ribeirão Tanquinho, localizado no município de Botucatu, é totalmente inserido no perímetro urbano, da nascente a foz percorre 2.500 metros em área residencial, atravessando 12 quarteirões. A partir de 1998 ficou livre do esgoto e no ano de 2001 os quatro primeiros quarteirões da bacia foram alvo de um projeto de Recuperação Hídrico Florestal promovido pela ONG S.O.S. Cuesta de Botucatu, com o plantio de cerca de 5.400 mudas de árvores nativas visando à recuperação da área intensamente degradada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fauna (anfíbios, aves, répteis, peixes e mamíferos) do ribeirão Tanquinho, e gerar resultados que sirva de subsídios para ações ambientais no local, práticas de educação ambiental e também colaborar para o aumento do conhecimento acerca da fauna de Botucatu. Os trabalhos de caracterização de fauna foram realizados durante o período de fevereiro a outubro de 2008. Foram realizadas coletas no local e entrevistas com moradores ribeirinhos, a identificação dos animais foi realizada em campo, com exceção de alguns espécimes de peixes que foram retirados do local e identificados em laboratório. Para as coletas de um modo geral foi utilizada a observação direta com registro fotográfico dos animais, observação indireta através de vocalizações e procura por vestígios. Das 156 pessoas entrevistadas, 132 afirmaram ter visto algum vertebrado no local, no total foram registradas 03 espécies para o grupo peixes, 05 espécies de anfíbios, 06 espécies de répteis, 46 de aves e 07 de mamíferos (02 terrestres e 05 voadores)

Análise ambiental da problemática relacionada à falta de água no município de Itu, SP

The water resources scarceness in world become more evident and worried everyday, because the occurrence of water waste, without consider context of potable water deficit, period of long dryness, resource distribution and population density, urban concentration, industrial and rural areas, pollution process, contamination, beyond aspect related to sanitation and public health affect an entire population. At Itu city, this problem is already real, the population face the lack of water risk in dryness period, damaging their life quality and the city economic development, because Itu is a touristic city that has a mixed economy with activities in business dealing, agriculture and industrial department, all conect to water consumption.

A influência das características morfométricas e de uso da terra na morfodinâmica: um estudo da alta bacia do Rio Itanhaém - Baixada Santista/SP

Diante do desenfreado uso da terra, gerando impactos muitas vezes irreversíveis, o planejamento ambiental insere-se como uma ferramenta atualmente necessária. Visto que é sob o relevo que se consolidam as atividades antrópicas, a cartografia do relevo surge como um importante instrumento, indicando setores cujas características naturais impõem limites ao uso da terra. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as características geomorfológicas da alta bacia do Rio Itanhaém, com ênfase à questão morfográfica e morfométrica do relevo, avaliando também as modificações impostas a este em decorrência do uso da terra, contribuindo, portanto, com a gestão ambiental desta área. Para tanto, foram elaborados documentos cartográficos capazes de evidenciar as características do relevo que impõem limites ao uso antrópico, a saber: as cartas morfométricas (carta de declividade, carta de dissecação vertical, carta de dissecação horizontal e carta de energia do relevo), que são documentos que evidenciam a suscetibilidade potencial do relevo sob a influência da ação das águas e gravitacional; a carta geomorfológica (cenário de 1962), que possibilita a espacialização das formas do relevo, contribuindo para a análise da morfodinâmica; e as cartas de uso da terra (cenário de 1962 e 2000), que, em conjunto com os documentos já especificados, possibilitam a análise da influência da atuação antrópica sob o sistema relevo. De maneira geral, pôde-se detectar problemas na morfodinâmica da área de estudo, evidenciados pela presença de feições denudacionais localizadas, tais como sulcos erosivos, voçorocas, ravina e cicatrizes de escorregamentos, os quais vinculam-se ao potencial natural que o relevo da área de estudo possui ao desencadeamento de processos morfogenéticos; à dinamização de processos naturais pela atuação antrópica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Degradação ambiental e qualidade de vida na microbacia do Córrego do Gramado – Presidente Prudente/São Paulo

The late industrialization, together with other factors, ended up directing much of the rural population to cities, without adequate planning, resulting in high density and irregular settlements in risk areas to low-income population. The man settled in the urban site to break environmental laws that eventually causing an imbalance in the natural environment, causing or exacerbating the shortage in availability of water resources. This situation also happened in Presidente Prudente, especially in the east, the focus of this research. Therefore, this study aims to understand the causes of degradation of waterways in urban areas, focusing on society's relationship with nature and its consequences on environmental quality and quality of life of urban population located in the watershed of stream of Gramado, Presidente Prudente - São Paulo. In this catchment there is the irregular deposition of solid waste in the valley, remnants of old pollution release of domestic sewage and industrial (currently collected and intended for treatment), accelerated processes of erosion in some areas of intensive use of the relief and consequently, the bed siltation of streams that are part of the basin. The quality of urban life was seen through socioeconomic and environmental indicators, which were identified through questionnaires to residents, according to local residence in the landscape, divided into three segments: the tops 60 residents, 90 residents and 112 residents in the areas in valley bottoms. With these data we can relate them to the degradation of the basin and aggregate them to the quality of life of residents. Field studies were needed to visualize the changes that occurred in the watershed over the past three years, with the implementation of works aimed at improvements to the community as the conduit stream of Gramado and construction and operation of Sewage Pumping Stations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Geotecnologias para a análise da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Wenzel - Rio Claro/SP: proposta de gestão de recursos hídricos

The expansion of urban in medium-sized citie, increase the importance of action planning and management of natural resources, among which water is the most important. Such action should include the integration of physical and man-made elements involved. In this context, it becomesimportant for watershed analysis and the use of geotecnologies. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the contribution of the geo, as a tool for managing a river basin, allowing the integration of physical data and the analysis of anthropogenic environmental scenarios in urban areas. The area chosen, the basin of the Wenzel, is located in Rio Claro / SP, a city whose urbanization process has been intense and continuous. Thematic maps were generated from the physical environment: soil, slope and geological, as well as maps of land use. With regard to land use maps, these were drawn from the visual interpretation of material aerophotogrammetric, considering the years 1995 and 2010, performing an evolutionary analysis. It was observed that the area presents small variation in the physical and structural aspects, with lithological and geomorphological formation favoring the occurrence of floods, erosion and siltation. These processes are accelerated by the forms of land use, with intense urbanization during the period between 1995 and 2010, and poor preservation of permanent preservation areasand. In the floodplain areas there is a high waste disposal is the most notable environmental problem

Caracterização de sedimentos do testemunho NAP61-1 da plataforma continental da bacia de Santos por meio de susceptibilidade magnética

A parameter commonly used in investigations of environmental magnetism is the magnetic susceptibility (MS), which is the quantitative measure of the ability of magnetization of a specific material in the presence of an induced magnetic field. The present study aimed to determine the magnetic susceptibility of sediments collected on the continental shelf near the Santos Basin, southeast of the São Sebastião island (25°57.97’S 45°07.81'W), seeking to identify the possible source area of terrigenous sediments and the flow patterns of siliciclastic sediment yield in the area. It was used particle size analysis and contents of organic matter and calcium carbonate to characterize the sediments, besides paleomagnetism parameters. The analyzed material - core NAP61-1 - was collected using the piston corer sampler in 60 meters water depth, recovering 3.98 meters of sediment core. As from experiments, cyclicity was observed in relative abundance between sand and silt, most likely due to rapid and cyclical variations in the depositional environment. In general, the MS values are low, and show that the sand supply (terrigenous material) has a certain consistency, probably having the same origin. More absolute age is still necessary to establish clearly the events marked here

Diagnóstico ambiental das nascentes do Córrego dos Macacos – município de Álvares Machado/SP

Environmental diagnosis fits in analysis social-spatial organization insofar it contributes to understanding past and present aspects of how a territory works as well as enables the creation of statements for future ordainment. In this context, the present study aims at contributing with data for creating recovery and environmental preservation projects for the basin of Macacos‟ stream‟s headwaters, located in the north of Álvares Machado county in São Paulo state. To achieve this purpose, the main characteristics and existing uses in the basin have been analyzed and its main environmental problems were identified in the data and information collected in journals, field work and interviews with dwellers from the interested area and local government authorities. On this way, a diagnosis of the environmental state of the studied area was performed considering its specific issues regarding the natural and physical process as well as human influences. From the analysis carried out it was possible to identify environmental impacts on different levels resulting from the conflictuous relation between uses and occupations and the natural dynamics of the studied basin.

Determinação de Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em águas marinhas oriundas da Bacia Potiguar utilizando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R²=0.9586, R: R²=0.9444), Ni (D: R²=0.9789, R: R²=0.9286) and Cu (D: R²=0.764, R: R²=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R²=0.9228) and Cd (R²=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

Identificação e caracterização de unidades geomorfológicas na bacia do baixo paranapanema

Os processos geomorfológicos são responsáveis pelas formas do relevo, constituindo uma das dimensões do substrato físico para o desenvolvimento das atividades antrópicas. O conhecimento e a identificação dos mecanismos destes processos podem contribuir para o entendimento das dinâmicas naturais e das ações humanas sobre a superfície terrestre. Desta forma, objetivo desse trabalho de pesquisa foi identificar e caracterizar as principais unidades geomorfológicas do baixo curso do rio Paranapanema, a partir da utilização dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e do uso de geotecnologias. No SIG foram realizadas as seguintes etapas da pesquisa: processamento digital das imagens de radar, georreferenciamento dos dados, delimitação e compilação da área de estudo e elaboração dos mapas temáticos. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados fundamentaram-se basicamente nos conceitos de morfoestrutura e morfoescultura para classificação e taxonomia do relevo, desenvolvidos por Jurandir L. S. Ross (1992). As classes de dissecação do relevo, carta clinográfica e hipsometria da bacia foram obtidas a partir do processamento de cartas topográficas e imagens de radar da missão SRTM. Os resultados apresentados na forma de mapas, gráficos e tabelas permitiram analisar e caracterizar os processos geomorfológicos atuantes na bacia do baixo Paranapanema, com maior riqueza de detalhe (1: 250 000)

Prevalência das enteroparasitoses em escolares após Programa de Saneamento Ambiental (Bahia Azul) realizado em Salvador, BA

Introduction: The intestinal parasites continue to represent a significant public health problem, due to the large number of infected people and the various organic changes that can cause. The intestinal parasites become more prevalent in villages with high population density absence or inadequacy of sanitation and adequate, and personal hygiene practices and inadequate housing. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia duodenalis in children of school age (7-14 years) living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, which were part of the Environmental Sanitation Program (Bahia Azul) covering eight different sewage basins in the years 1997/1998 and 2003/2004. Methods: Data were collected pre-coded questionnaire administered to the parents of students, collecting information socioeconomic, environmental and housing conditions. Stool samples were analyzed for each school in the Laboratory of Parasitology of the ISC, UFBA. The database was built and analyzed by Epi Info program (version 3.5.1/2008) were built where overall prevalence rate and Basin depletion of parasites. We compared the overall prevalence rates (at least one parasite) before and after the intervention health, as well as species of parasite. Results: The overall prevalence before the intervention was 56,2% (N = 729) and 42,5% after the intervention (N = 890), down -24,5%. The prevalence observed for each species A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and G. duodenalis before intervention was respectively 31,4%, 35,8% and 9,9% respectively after the intervention and 24,4%, 28,8% and 6,0%. In relation to variations in prevalence were found to decrease A. lumbricoides, T. Trichiura and G. duodenalis respectively -22,4%, -19,7% and -39,7%. When the results were compared by Basin exhaustion, it was observed that the greatest variation with reduction occurred among students Basin M. Camurujipe to at least one parasite (-51,4%), ...