921 resultados para Exercício físico : Fisiologia


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O futebol nos dias de hoje representa algo muito maior do que um exercício físico ou uma atividade de descontração. Ele desempenha um papel dentro da sociedade que extrapola as perspectivas do jogo. Reduzir a análise sobre o futebol profissional apenas ao aspecto lúdico do esporte também diminui a concepção sobre o que ele realmente representa. Nos bastidores do espetáculo futebolístico existe um universo de atos políticos que abrangem diversas esferas do poder que por sua vez auxiliam na execução do esporte como um evento esportivo com milhões de espectadores. Uma das razões para que o âmbito político do esporte seja menos conhecido do que as táticas dos técnicos ou dribles dos jogadores é a cobertura feita pelos meios de comunicação. No decorrer de sua existência, o futebol se transformou em um evento globalizado que envolve em sua órbita muito mais do que apenas o aspecto esportivo. Com os anos, o esporte foi se firmando em diversos países como produto cultural e até mesmo ferramenta política. O que se vê contudo é a sobreposição midiática do jogo sobre a sua verdadeira estrutura. O entretenimento trazido pelo esporte ganha as páginas enquanto o jogo político que sustenta a realização do mesmo recebe uma atenção mais discreta das mídias. A proposta deste trabalho é analisar como foi feita a divulgação de notícias referentes à Copa do Mundo de 2014, que será realizada no Brasil, nos jornais Folha de S.Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo durante o ano de 2012 através dos seus cadernos de esportes. O objetivo é compreender qual é o teor e a intensidade da cobertura sobre os fatos políticos que ajudam a dar forma ao evento mais importante do futebol. Acontecimentos desta proporção exigem preparação do país, o que implica em um trabalho em conjunto entre o Governo Federal e FIFA. Pretende-se analisar a contextualização feita pelos jornais em relação ao esporte ao seu aspecto esportivo, podendo...

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Introduction In the Family Health Strategy (FHS), the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) includes education and lifestyle change strategies. Physiotherapists have a key role in this health setting. Objectives To implement actions of evaluation and guidelines for patients with type 2 DM who attend a Family Health Strategy (FHS), regarding diabetic foot and the practice of regular physical exercise in the control and prevention of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Methods 17 individuals from an FHS were evaluated, with the following procedures: clinical and anthropometric parameters, inspection, a questionnaire on diabetic neuropathy, tests of vibratory and tactile sensitivity, muscle function, range of motion, functional analysis, questions about exercise practice and guidance regarding controlling blood glucose and foot care. Results Deformities, dry skin, calluses, dehydration, ulceration, cracking and brittle nails were found. Peripheral neuropathy was not observed; tactile sensitivity was altered in the heel region and the vibratory sense was absent in 5% of individuals. A decrease in functionality of ankle movements was verified. Of the participants, 76% were sedentary, 24% knew about the benefits of practicing regular exercise, 25% had undergone a medical evaluation prior to performing physical exercise and, of these, 25% were supervised by a qualified professional. Discussion The implementation of physiotherapy actions in diabetics from an FHS was important for highlighting the presence of risk factors for diabetic complications. Conclusions Individuals attending the FHS need more information and programs for the prevention of diabetic complications.

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Introdução: O Kung Fu é um sistema de luta desenvolvida na China por meio de observações dos movimentos dos animais, e principalmente da necessidade dos monges praticarem alguma atividade física. Poucos estudos têm verificado os benefícios do Kung Fu não só como uma arte marcial, mas também como uma opção de exercício físico para quem busca uma boa qualidade de vida e melhora na aptidão cardiovascular através da filosofia de buscar a cada dia o extremo, a perfeição e o equilíbrio. Objetivo: Verificar a influência do treinamento de 12 semanas de Kung Fu estilo garra de águia em praticantes iniciantes adultos na capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Metodologia: Participaram do presente estudo 21 estudantes com idade entre 18 e 25 anos, divididos em grupo controle (n=10) e grupo treinamento (n=11). O grupo treinamento foi submetido a 12 semanas de treino e o grupo controle constituído por participantes que não praticavam atividade física de forma regular e que mantiveram sua rotina de vida normal. O protocolo de esteira rolante do teste de VO2 máximo foi utilizado antes e após 12 semanas. As aulas ocorreram duas vezes por semana na UNESP e tiveram duração de uma hora e meia cada aula, sendo dividida em quatro partes: aquecimento, condicionamento físico, alongamento e técnica. Para análise estatística, os dados foram separados de acordo com grupo e gênero. Devido à natureza paramétrica dos dados, foi realizada análise anova fatorial e adotado um p≤0,05. Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SPSS. Resultados: O grupo controle apresentou os seguintes valores de Vo2pico: Masculino (n=6) - pré 38,8±8,0mL.kg−1.min−1 e pós 38,5±7,6mL.kg−1.min−1; Feminino (n=4) - pré 37,5±4,2mL.kg−1.min−1 e pós 38,0±4,1mL.kg−1.min−1. O grupo treinamento apresentou: Masculino (n=7) - pré 55,4±3,0mL.kg−1.min−1 e pós 55,3±3,7mL.kg−1.min−1; Feminino (n=4) - pré...

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Abstract Intellectual disability is development atypical conditions that involve issues on a number of factors, such as intellectual skills, adaptive behavior, interactions and social roles. Furthermore, they report higher rates of physical inactivity than the general population, as well as participating less and less of regular physical activity, as they grow and age. The participation of people with intellectual disabilities in physical activity programs promotes, benefits of prevention of diseases, particularly cardiovascular, improvement of intellectual and cognitive ability in addition, regular physical activity promotes reduction of body fat. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify through a systematic review, physical activity programs for adults with intellectual disabilities and their extension of the benefits, limitations and recommendations, moreover, the following objectives: to analyze the types of physical activity programs and determine which is the most suitable for adults with intellectual disabilities, and to determine the benefits that physical exercises programs entail for adults with intellectual disabilities. The initial electronic search resulted in 2808 manuscripts. The predetermined exclusion criteria were: review process of the studies involved reading titles, abstracts and full texts checking. After all these phases, eight manuscripts met the inclusion criteria of the review. Articles presented participants aged between 18 and 67 years with mild to moderate intellectual disability. The intervention period was from 2.5 months studies ranged up to 9 months and the weekly frequency was from one to three times a week. The intervention types differ between the articles analyzed, including leisure and recreation activities, combined exercises of strength and muscular endurance, aerobic activities of hiking, with races and exercise bikes, widespread activities and sports specialization, athletics and...

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A saúde e a qualidade de vida do homem podem ser preservadas e aprimoradas pela prática regular de atividade física. Assim o exercício físico tem sido cada vez mais recomendado como uma alternativa no tratamento e/ou prevenção de inúmeras doenças tais como hipertensão, doença vascular, obesidade, diabetes, osteoporose, entre outras condições clinicas. No Brasil, as doenças cardiovasculares são responsáveis por cerca de 30% de todos os óbitos, sendo o infarto agudo do miocárdio a sua principal causa. Diferentes associações de saúde no mundo, como o American College of Sports Medicine, o Nation Institutes of Health, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, entre outras; recomendam a prática regular de atividade física para a prevenção e reabilitação de doenças cardiovasculares e outras doenças crônicas. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, reabilitação cardíaca é o somatório das atividades necessárias para garantir aos pacientes de cardiopatia as melhores condições física, mental e social que eles consigam, pelo próprio esforço, reconquistar uma posição normal na comunidade e levar uma vida ativa e produtiva. Os programas de reabilitação cardíaca têm objetivos profiláticos e terapêuticos. Entretanto, existem poucos relatos de programas de reabilitação e condicionamento físico pós-transplante cardíaco no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura demonstrando o papel da prática regular de atividade física na reabilitação e condicionamento físico após o transplante cardíaco

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, pain, changes in subchondral bone, osteophyte formation and proliferation. Age, bone mineral density, joint instability, excess weight among others, are risk factors. Methods: To check the influence os physical exercise in patients with the disease were evaluated 39 patients over 50 years, both genders, with clinical and / or radiographic osteoarthritis were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). EG performed regular physical activity (aerobics) three times a week for four months, while CG was submitted to physical therapy painkiller in the same period. We analyzed demographics, BMI, basal metabolic rate and percentage of fat mass. Results: The results showed that regular physical activity reduced the body fat, but because of their characteristics and low-impact aerobics was not observed consistent benefits in muscle component. However, compared with the CG demonstrated a positive impact on other parameters of body composition.

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The use of rats in studies that seek to monitor the effects of physical exercise is fairly common, even in works that make use of overload. However, the correct determination of the training load is critical to success of studies. Thus, with the objective of verifying the correlation of total body mass of the rats with their respective strength, and the correlation of the 1RM test with test repetitions, 40 rats, 90 days old and weighing average 0,49 pounds underwent a program of adaptation to the water and then were subjected to tests to determine the maximal and submaximal loads. After measuring the total body mass and maximal and submaximal strenght, it was possible to observe directly proportional relationship between maximum strenght and total body mass of 0.97 (P ≤ 0.01), being the maximum muscle strength equivalent to 109% of the total body mass. Between muscle strength and mass submaximal muscle strength was also found direct correlation between the variables, allowing to conclude that the submaximal strength test and total body mass are effective tools in determining the training load of rats.

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The effect of physical exercise in immune function has been extensively studied. The intensity and duration of physical exercise have considerable influence in immunologic parameters. However, few studies have compared different exercise intensities in different stages of a physical training program. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the metabolic, hormonal and immunologic changes before and after acute intermittent swimming exercise, following different stages of training program. Seventeen male swimmers were evaluated in three stages of training. The intensity of the three sessions was 90% (anaerobic potency – PAN), 70% (aerobic potency - PAE) and 98% (lactate tolerance – TLA) of the maximal speed from the best time of the distance, resulted from peak performance in competition. Blood samples were collected pre and immediately after exercise for cells counting and measurement of substrates and cortisol concentrations. It was used ANOVA to verify the significance of difference (p<0.05). There was a significant increase of glucose and cortisol post exercise in the PAN and PAE sessions. Glutamine increased significantly in PAE and TLA. Leukocytes increased significantly after the three different sessions and lymphocytes decreased significantly on PAE and TLA. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that changes of the several parameters studied in different stages of training program can cause temporary alterations in immune cells and may compromise resistance to common minor illnesses and athlete performance.

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The main function of the immune system is the defense against infection, being composed by the leukocytes that modulate the immune response, which can be innate or adaptive. The physical exercise can causes positive or negative alterations in the total or relative number of leukocytes. When the exercise has a low or moderate intensity it`s considered beneficial for improving the function of the cells responsible for the defense and to reduce the risk of infectious illnesses. The type 2 diabetes is related to an incapacity of the body in rightly respond to insulin, associated to an resistance to its actions. The purpose of this research was to make a study of the immune system characteristics, as well as the type 2 diabetes and the relation among both and the physical exercise. So, it was analyzed a group of type 2 diabetics coming from Diabetics House of Franca -SP, treated through a program of mix physical training. Two collections of blood were pre and post training program for the pair comparable of the participants. It was found positive alterations of the subpopulations of leukocytes that show a probable improvement of the immunological state what allows us to suggest about a possible improvement of the immunological activity, what would be measured by the activation of these cells forward to an inflammatory/infectious condition. So, we suggest that future studies involving diabetes, immune system and physical exercise be encouraged.