Public works policy in Portugal: a case study in unsustainability

International Journal of Engineering and Industrial Management, nº 1, p. 195-208

The Vasco da Gama Bridge on the Tagus Estuary: A paradigm of bad decision making, but good post-evaluation

World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol.6, nº2, (2000)

Municipal solid waste management system: decision support through systems analysis

Thesis submitted to the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering

Comparing the performance of geostatistical models with additional information from covariates for sewage plume characterization

In this work, kriging with covariates is used to model and map the spatial distribution of salinity measurements gathered by an autonomous underwater vehicle in a sea outfall monitoring campaign aiming to distinguish the effluent plume from the receiving waters and characterize its spatial variability in the vicinity of the discharge. Four different geostatistical linear models for salinity were assumed, where the distance to diffuser, the west-east positioning, and the south-north positioning were used as covariates. Sample variograms were fitted by the Mat`ern models using weighted least squares and maximum likelihood estimation methods as a way to detect eventual discrepancies. Typically, the maximum likelihood method estimated very low ranges which have limited the kriging process. So, at least for these data sets, weighted least squares showed to be the most appropriate estimation method for variogram fitting. The kriged maps show clearly the spatial variation of salinity, and it is possible to identify the effluent plume in the area studied. The results obtained show some guidelines for sewage monitoring if a geostatistical analysis of the data is in mind. It is important to treat properly the existence of anomalous values and to adopt a sampling strategy that includes transects parallel and perpendicular to the effluent dispersion.

Análise do ciclo de vida da produção do butanol

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar os impactes ambientais da produção do butanol considerando três processos produtivos: um que usa fontes fósseis e dois que usam fontes renováveis, nomeadamente palha de trigo e milho. Para o primeiro caso considerouse o processo oxo e os restantes usaram o processo de produção ABE (acetona, butanol e etanol). Na primeira etapa estudaram-se e descreveram-se os diferentes processos referidos. A análise do ciclo de vida foi depois aplicada efetuando as quatro fases nomeadamente definição do âmbito e objetivo, inventário, avaliação de impactes e interpretação dos resultados obtidos. O inventário foi efetuado tendo em conta a bibliografia existente sobre estes processos e com o auxílio da base de dados Ecoinvent Versão3 Database™. Na avaliação de impactes utilizou-se o método Impact 2002 + (Endpoint). Concluiu-se que a produção do butanol pelo processo ABE utilizando o milho é a que apresenta maior impacte ambiental e a que produção do butanol pelo processo ABE usando a palha de trigo é a que apresenta um menor impacte ambiental, quando o processo de alocação foi efetuado tendo em conta as massas de todos os produtos produzidos em cada processo. Foi efetuada uma análise de sensibilidade para a produção de butanol usando palha de trigo e milho relativa aos dados de menor qualidade. No processo da palha de trigo fez-se variar a quantidade de material enviado para a digestão anaeróbia e a quantidade de efluente produzida. No processo relativo ao milho apenas se fez variar a quantidade de efluente produzida. As variações tiveram um efeito pouco significativo (<1,3%) no impacte global. Por fim, efetuou-se o cálculo dos impactes considerando uma alocação económica que foi executada tendo em conta os preços de venda para o ano 2013 na Europa, para os produtos produzidos pelos diferentes processos. Considerando o valor económico verificou-se um aumento do peso relativo ao butanol, o que fez aumentar significativamente o impacte ambiental. Isto deve-se em grande parte ao baixo valor económico dos gases formados nos processos de fermentação. Se na alocação por massa for retirada a massa destes gases os resultados obtidos são similares nos dois tipos de alocação.

Medir o impacto nas ciências sociais: pontos de referência teóricos

Os modos de fazer pesquisa científica têm vindo a alterar-se, em função das mudanças pelas quais passa o Ensino Superior, assim como os sistemas de ciência e tecnologia, no seu todo. Na Europa vivem-se tempos de grandes questionamentos acerca do modo de proceder relativamente à definição de metodologias de avaliação e/ou financiamento público à investigação individual e/ou coletiva. A tendência geral, neste contexto, é para aperfeiçoar as metodologias de avaliação, através da definição de indicadores que permitam medir as várias dimensões do trabalho científico. No campo específico da avaliação, prevê-se cada vez mais a avaliação do impacto das pesquisas. Ocorre que, apesar do número e da amplitude dos indicadores que vão sendo propostos, a definição de impacto resulta numa tarefa difícil. Não só porque a realidade medida nem toda é perfeitamente traduzível em algo tangível, mas também porque existem diferenças significativas nos modos como as diferentes áreas produzem conhecimento. Neste artigo, pretende-se refletir sobre esse conceito de impacto, nomeadamente ao nível das ciências sociais, evidenciando aquelas que são as principais conclusões e reflexões de estudos e escritos mais recentes.

Avaliação do impacto na circulação e risco de acidente em estradas em obras

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

A aprendizagem do léxico na compreensão leitora

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino do Português no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário e do Espanhol nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

21st century climate change threatens mountain flora unequally across Europe

Continental-scale assessments of 21st century global impacts of climate change on biodiversity have forecasted range contractions for many species. These coarse resolution studies are, however, of limited relevance for projecting risks to biodiversity in mountain systems, where pronounced microclimatic variation could allow species to persist locally, and are ill-suited for assessment of species-specific threat in particular regions. Here, we assess the impacts of climate change on 2632 plant species across all major European mountain ranges, using high-resolution (ca. 100 m) species samples and data expressing four future climate scenarios. Projected habitat loss is greater for species distributed at higher elevations; depending on the climate scenario, we find 36-55% of alpine species, 31-51% of subalpine species and 19-46% of montane species lose more than 80% of their suitable habitat by 2070-2100. While our high-resolution analyses consistently indicate marked levels of threat to cold-adapted mountain florae across Europe, they also reveal unequal distribution of this threat across the various mountain ranges. Impacts on florae from regions projected to undergo increased warming accompanied by decreased precipitation, such as the Pyrenees and the Eastern Austrian Alps, will likely be greater than on florae in regions where the increase in temperature is less pronounced and rainfall increases concomitantly, such as in the Norwegian Scandes and the Scottish Highlands. This suggests that change in precipitation, not only warming, plays an important role in determining the potential impacts of climate change on vegetation.

HIA Forum, HIA: A tool to support healthier communities (September 2009)

The HIA Forum provides an opportunity for those with an interest in HIA to meet, share experiences, hear about new developments and consider how to progress HIA. 2009 HIA Forum events focused on how HIA can and is being used to support healthier communties.

Pilot HIA of European Employment Strategy in Ireland

This pilot Health Impact Assessment (HIA) exercise was conducted as part of the ‘Policy Health Impact Assessment for the European Union’, commissioned by the European Commission ’s Directorate Generale Health and Consumer Protection (DG Sanco). The project is coordinated by Liverpool University and the research partners are from Ireland, Germany and the Netherlands. The aim of the European project is to develop a HIA methodology for assessing the health impacts of EU policies and activities. The purpose of the pilot HIA in Ireland was to test the methodology produced in the first phase of the project in 2002. The policy chosen for assessment was the European Employment Strategy. The Irish pilot used a range of methods suggested in the draft methodology but concentrated particularly on the participatory aspects of HIA. A key stakeholder group with knowledge of employment (including decision makers in labour market policy) was established to provide expert advice and support. Other methods used included policy analysis, information gathering from key informants, community profiling (including demographic and labour force data), data analysis, literature review, the production of a report and the development of recommendations.

Screening for health impacts in Local Area Planning in Donegal County Council (2004)

In 2004 an interagency team consisting of members the North Western Health Board and Donegal County Council commissioned the IPH to conduct a HIA screening exercise on planning policy in Donegal. This involved an overview of literature, analysis of policy documents, contact with Planning Officers and observation of public consultation meetings. Following completion of the final report, the intention is to produce a user-friendly template to enable planners to incorporate a health dimension into their decision making.

IPH response to DSD consultation on proposed changes to the law regulating sale and supply of alcohol

This consultation was intended to test public opinion on proposed changes to the law regulating the sale of alcohol in Northern Ireland. The proposed changes relate to-    regulating the sale of alcohol in supermarkets and off-sales premises-    regulating the sale of alcohol in pubs and other on-sales premises-    regulating private member clubs-    codes of practice Key points from IPH response -    IPH welcomes the opportunity to submit our views on this review of regulations related to the sale and supply of alcohol in Northern Ireland. IPH notes that the reduction of alcohol-related harm is a stated aim of the review. -    International evidence clearly supports the role of regulation of the sale and supply of alcohol in reducing alcohol consumption and in reducing alcohol-related harm. -    The consultation document does not present any meaningful estimation of the scale or nature of potential positive or negative effects on alcohol-related harm arising from the proposed changes. On this basis, IPH recommends that a Health Impact Assessment should be conducted on the proposed regulations. -    IPH shares the concerns raised in respect of increases in the number of people drinking at home and the availability of large volumes of low cost alcohol in supermarkets. In this regard, we welcome the proposals to enhance the regulation of sale of alcohol in mixed trading premises by more stringent structural separation measures and restricted advertising. -    IPH wishes to emphasise the importance of the work underway to explore the introduction of minimum unit pricing of alcohol on the island of Ireland as this measure will be significant in enhancing the proposals on regulating sale of alcohol in mixed trading premises -    In light of evidence of increased alcohol consumption and harm associated with increased hours and days of sale of alcohol, IPH does not support the proposal to introduce additional late opening hours or extended drinking up time.

IPH response to Building an Active Travel Future for Northern Ireland

IPH responded to the Department for Regional Development consultation Building an Active Travel Future for Northern Ireland, March 2012 The draft Active Travel strategy seeks to set out how to increase active travel by demonstrating that walking and cycling are safe, healthy, flexible, inexpensive and social means of travel and by setting out ways in which opportunities for active travel can be significantly improved.IPH welcomes the new Active Travel Strategy and highlights the need for a truly integrated approach to the strategy which has the potential to positively influence health in areas such as obesity, mental health and cardiovascular health.  IPH suggest a health impact assessment is undertaken on each of the Active Travel Demonstration projects to fully maximise the potential health outcomes of developing the required infrastructure for active travel.