Benefits and challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning for Pakistani SMEs

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is used to combine all the functions happening inside the organization with the help of one software. All the data is centralized which makes it easy to manage information for all participants. The literature on ERP is studied thoroughly the whole process of adoption till the implementation and final evaluations. But studies that focus on small and medium sized enterprises are limited in number when compared to the large scale enterprises. In case of Pakistan, research is very limited. In this thesis, the author tries to analyze the current status of SMEs usage of ERP system. The benefits obtained and challenges faced by SMEs of Pakistan are studied. Framework presented by Shang and Seddon (2000) is used to understand the benefits obtained by the SMEs in Pakistan. This is a comprehensive framework that classifies the benefits obtained by the ERP adoption, into five categories: operational benefits, managerial benefits, Strategic benefits, IT benefits, and Organizational benefits. The results show that SMEs of Pakistan are also getting many benefits after adoption of ERP. Most of the firms had implemented SAP software. Operational benefits were mentioned by all the firms. The most important benefits were report generation, quick access to critical information, better product and cost planning. Respondents also mentioned that they had reduced corruption as a result of ERP implementation. It is also an important benefit considering high corruption rate in Pakistan. Along with benefits, challenges faced by Pakistani SMEs included infrastructure problems like electricity, difficulties with integration of one module with other module, costs of adoption and lack of skilled ERP consultants. Further studies in this regard can be conducted on cloud based ERP which is fast growing all around the world.

Publication Statistics Books 2000-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa kustannetusta kirjallisuudesta vuodesta 2000 lähtien

Publication Statistics Magazines 1999-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa ilmestyvistä aikakauslehdistä vuodesta 1999 lähtien

Publication Statistics Newspapers 1999-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa ilmestyvistä sanomalehdistä vuodesta 1999 lähtien

Publication Statistics Music recordings 1995-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa julkaistuista musiikkiäänitteistä vuodesta 1995 lähtien

Publication Statistics Sheet Music 1991-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa kustannetuista nuottijulkaisuista vuodesta 1991 lähtien

Publication Statistics Speech recordings 1995-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa julkaistuista puheäänitteistä vuodesta 1995 lähtien

Publication Statistics Multimedia 1991-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa julkaistuista moniviestimistä (multimedia) vuodesta 1991 lähtien

Publication Statistics Uncatalogued material 1991-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa julkaistuista pienpainatteista, julisteista, toimintakertomuksista ja kunnallisista julkaisuista vuodesta 1991 lähtien. Pienpainatelehdet sisältyvät tilastoon vuodesta 2014 lähtien

Publication Statistics Maps 1991-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa kustannetuista karttajulkaisuista vuodesta 1991 lähtien

Publication Statistics Sets of slides, transparents and microfiche 1991-

Vapaakappalekartuntaan perustuva tilasto Suomessa julkaistuista dia-, kalvo- ja filmikorttisarjoista vuodesta 1991 lähtien

Pienten osuuskuntien taloudellinen suoriutuminen

Tämän kandidaatintutkielman tarkoituksena on tutkia suomalaisia pienosuuskuntia niiden taloudellisen suoriutumisen näkökulmasta. Taloudellista suoriutumista tutkitaan tunnuslukujen avulla osuuskuntien tilinpäätöksissä olevien lukujen perusteella. Lisäksi tutkitaan, onko taloudellisessa suoriutumisessa eroavaisuuksia alueen, toimialan tai osuuskunnan koon välillä. Tutkimuksen aineisto on peräisin suomalaisten osuuskuntien tilinpäätöksistä, jotka ovat saatavilla Patentti- ja rekisterihallituksen Virre-tietokannasta. Aineistoa analysoidaan SAS Enterprise Guide -ohjelman avulla käyttäen apuna jakauma-analyysiä, yhteenvetotilastoja, Kruskal-Wallisin testiä sekä Spearmanin korrelaatioanalyysiä. Jakauma-analyyseillä ja yhteenvetotilastoilla muodostetaan aineistosta kokonaiskuva ja analysoidaan suomalaisten pienosuuskuntien tunnuslukuja. Kruskal-Wallis testillä analysoidaan taloudellisen suoriutumisen eroa alueellisesti ja toimialakohtaisesti ja Spearmanin korrelaatiokertoimella mitataan korrelaatiota liikevaihdon ja tunnuslukujen välillä. Tulosten perusteella osuuskuntien taloudellinen suoriutuminen ei ole sidoksissa toimialaan eikä alueeseen. Koon ja quick ration välillä löytyi negatiivinen korrelaatio. Suomalaisten pienosuuskuntien maksuvalmius on hyvällä tasolla. Myös vakavaraisuus on kohtalainen. Kannattavuuden tunnusluvut jäivät osuuskunnilla hyvin alhaisiksi ja osin jopa negatiivisiksi. Koska osuuskuntien toiminnan tarkoitus ei ole maksimoida voittoa, voidaan kannattavuuden tunnuslukuja pitää hyvällä tasolla, kunhan ne ovat positiivisia.

Statistics of Manufacturers for the year 1905 - Canadian Niagara Power Company

A census form for the year 1905. The form was approved by the Governor General in Council January 22, 1906.

The Social Enterprise as an Alternative Work Option for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: A Case Study of Staff Perspectives at Common Ground Co-operative

Traditional employment options for persons with developmental disabilities are lacking. Employment options available for persons with developmental disabilities are reflective of the medical and social model perspectives of disability; with segregated and supported employment reinforcing the idea that persons with developmental disabilities are incapable and competitive employment missing the necessary accommodations for persons to be successful. This study examined social enterprises as an alternative employment option that can balance both medical and social model perspectives by accommodating for weaknesses or limitations and recognizing the strengths and capabilities of persons with developmental disabilities in the workplace. Moreover, this study is part of a broader case study which is examining the nature and impacts of a social enterprise, known as Common Ground Co-operative (CGC), which supports five social purpose businesses that are owned and operated by persons with developmental disabilities. This study is part of the Social Business and Marginalized Social Groups Community-University Research Alliance. To date, a case study has been written describing the nature and impacts of CGC and its related businesses from the perspectives of the Partners, board members, funders and staff (Owen, Readhead, Bishop, Hope & Campbell, in press & Readhead, 2012). The current study used a descriptive case study approach to provide a detailed account of the perceptions and opinions of CGC staff members who support each of the Partners in the five related businesses. Staff members were chosen for the focus of this study because of the integral role that they play in the successful outcomes of the persons they support. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase five staff members were interviewed. During this stage of interviews, several themes were presented which needed to be examined in further detail, specifically staff stress and burnout and duty of care for business Partners versus the promotion of their autonomy. A second phase of interviews was then conducted with one individual participant and a focus group of seven. During both interview phases, Staff participants described an employment model that creates a non-judgemental environment for the business Partners that promotes their strengths, accommodates for their limitations, provides educational opportunities and places the responsibility for the businesses on the persons with developmental disabilities cultivating equality and promoting independence. Staff described the nature of their role including risk factors for stress, the protective factors that buffer stress, and the challenges associated with balancing many role demands. Issues related to the replication of this social enterprise model are described.