Behavior of inflammatory markers of myocardial injury in cardiac surgery: laboratory correlation with the clinical picture of postpericardiotomy syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association of serum markers of myocardial injury, such as troponin I, creatinine kinase, and creatinine kinase isoenzyme MB, and inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), C-reactive protein, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery, with the occurrence of possible postpericardiotomy syndrome. METHODS: This was a cohort study with 96 patients undergoing cardiac surgery assessed at the following 4 different time periods: the day before surgery (D0); the 3rd postoperative day (D3); between the 7th and 10th postoperative days (D7-10); and the 30th postoperative day (D30). During each period, we evaluated demographic variables (sex and age), surgical variables (type and duration , extracorporeal circulation), and serum dosages of the markers of myocardial injury and inflammatory response. RESULTS: Of all patients, 12 (12.5%) met the clinical criteria for a diagnosis of postpericardiotomy syndrome, and their mean age was 10.3 years lower than the age of the others (P=0.02). The results of the serum markers for tissue injury and inflammatory response were not significantly different between the 2 assessed groups. No significant difference existed regarding either surgery duration or extracorporeal circulation. CONCLUSION: The patients who met the clinical criteria for postpericardiotomy syndrome were significantly younger than the others were. Serum markers for tissue injury and inflammatory response were not different in the clinically affected group, and did not correlate with the different types and duration of surgery or with extracorporeal circulation.

The influence of patient's consciousness regarding high blood pressure and patient's attitude in face of disease controlling medicine intake

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between blood pressure control and the following: the Morisky-Green test, the patient's consciousness regarding high blood pressure, the patient's attitude in face of medicine intake, the patient's attendance at medical consultations, and the subjective physician's judgment. METHODS: We studied 130 hypertensive patients with the following characteristics: 73% females, 60±11 years, 58% married, 70% white, 45% retired, 45% with incomplete elementary schooling, 64% had a familial income of 1 to 3 minimum wages, body mass index of 30±7 kg/m², consciousness regarding the disease for a mean period of 11±9.5 years, and mean treatment duration of 8 ±7 years. RESULTS: Only 35% of the hypertensive individuals had blood pressure under control and a longer duration of treatment (10±7 vs 7±6.5 years; P<0.05). The retiree predominated. The result of the Morisky-Green test did not relate to blood pressure control. In evaluating the attitude in face of medicine intake, the controlled patients achieved significantly higher scores than did the noncontrolled patients (8±1.9 vs 7 ±2, P<0.05). The hypertensive patients had higher levels of consciousness regarding their disease and its treatment, and most (70%) patients attended 3 or 4 medical consultations, which did not influence blood pressure control. The physicians attributed significantly higher scores regarding adherence to treatment to controlled patients (6±0.8 vs 5±1.2; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Consciousness regarding the disease, the Morisky-Green test, and attendance to medical consultations did not influence blood pressure control.

El rol de la práctica profesional y de la enseñanza académica en torno a la concepción, construcción y uso del Espacio Público. Caso ciudad de Córdoba

(Castells 1997) El Espacio Público (EP) supone un uso social colectivo y de multifuncionalidad (…) la calidad del EP se evalúa por la intensidad y la calidad de las relaciones sociales que facilita debido a su fuerza mixturante de grupos y por su capacidad de estimular la identificación simbólica, la expresión y las integraciones culturales. La realidad muestra discontinuidades generando espacios intersticiales, residuales, alejados de la participación. El EP está integrado por calles, veredas, carreteras, espacios residuales, parques y plazas, siendo los dos últimos los que usualmente se diseñan, descuidando otro tipo de espacio que suponga un uso social colectivo. Con este enfoque la enseñanza del EP no existe, sino que tales espacios aparecen como espacios remanentes de una práctica académica centrada en la producción de objetos. Esta práctica se ve condicionada por la tendencia a la zonificación urbana y a la cultura de la imagen, que se basa en el diseño objetual, situación agravada por los medios gráficos, Ntics y normativas, apareciendo obras imponentes sin contextualizar. El diseño del EP queda afectado por la enseñanza, sin adecuarse a los nuevos modos de apropiación espacial, sin flexibilizarse a los intereses, sin dar una respuesta adecuada que comulgue entre las necesidades y las demandas. Tema: Evaluar la existencia de la brecha entre la práctica profesional (PP) y la enseñanza académica en torno a la concepción y construcción del EP y su incidencia en el uso y resignificación que los ciudadanos hacen del mismo. Hipótesis: -En la PP y en la enseñanza académica el EP comienza a ser pensado y diseñado desde lo objetual y no desde las prácticas sociales. –Los EP son “construidos” a partir de los usos y la apropiación que los ciudadanos hacen de ellos y no sólo desde la concepción disciplinar y la PP -Las representaciones que el ciudadano posee del EP no siempre coinciden con las representaciones propias de la enseñanza ni con las de la PP. Los objetivos: -Analizar la vinculación entre la arquitectura proposicional y la de producción en la concepción y realización del EP -Reflexionar sobre la posible articulación entre el corpus profesional, académico y social. -Reconocer la incidencia de las prácticas sociales en la apropiación, usos y resignificación del EP. La metodología a seguir es cualitativa. Los resultados esperados se basan en el análisis, diagnóstico y prognosis del tema problema y la verificación de las hipótesis planteadas, evaluando modos de uso, grados de apropiación e identificación simbólica, etc., la elaboración de guías de estudio y trabajos prácticos para la cátedra en la enseñanza del diseño, la publicación de producciones teóricas y prácticas y presentar líneas de acción en Congresos. El alcance principal del proyecto es el de acercar los procesos académicos de diseño urbano a las necesidades imperantes y prácticas sociales para las cuales aquellos están destinados y abrir líneas de reflexión en torno a la Práctica Profesional del Espacio Público.

El rol de la práctica profesional y de la enseñanza académica en torno a la concepción, construcción y uso del Espacio Público. Caso ciudad de Córdoba.

(Castells 1997) El Espacio Público (EP) supone un uso social colectivo y de multifuncionalidad (.) la calidad del EP se evalúa por la intensidad y la calidad de las relaciones sociales que facilita debido a su fuerza mixturante de grupos y por su capacidad de estimular la identificación simbólica, la expresión y las integraciones culturales. La realidad muestra discontinuidades generando espacios intersticiales, residuales, alejados de la participación. El EP está integrado por calles, veredas, carreteras, espacios residuales, parques y plazas, siendo los dos últimos los que usualmente se diseñan, descuidando otro tipo de espacio que suponga un uso social colectivo. Con este enfoque la enseñanza del EP no existe, sino que tales espacios aparecen como espacios remanentes de una práctica académica centrada en la producción de objetos. Esta práctica se ve condicionada por la tendencia a la zonificación urbana y a la cultura de la imagen, que se basa en el diseño objetual, situación agravada por los medios gráficos, Ntics y normativas, apareciendo obras imponentes sin contextualizar. El diseño del EP queda afectado por la enseñanza, sin adecuarse a los nuevos modos de apropiación espacial, sin flexibilizarse a los intereses, sin dar una respuesta adecuada que comulgue entre las necesidades y las demandas. Tema: Evaluar la existencia de la brecha entre la práctica profesional (PP) y la enseñanza académica en torno a la concepción y construcción del EP y su incidencia en el uso y resignificación que los ciudadanos hacen del mismo. Hipótesis: -En la PP y en la enseñanza académica el EP comienza a ser pensado y diseñado desde lo objetual y no desde las prácticas sociales. -Los EP son "construidos" a partir de los usos y la apropiación que los ciudadanos hacen de ellos y no sólo desde la concepción disciplinar y la PP -Las representaciones que el ciudadano posee del EP no siempre coinciden con las representaciones propias de la enseñanza ni con las de la PP. Los objetivos: -Analizar la vinculación entre la arquitectura proposicional y la de producción en la concepción y realización del EP -Reflexionar sobre la posible articulación entre el corpus profesional, académico y social. -Reconocer la incidencia de las prácticas sociales en la apropiación, usos y resignificación del EP. La metodología a seguir es cualitativa. Los resultados esperados se basan en el análisis, diagnostico y prognosis del tema problema y la verificación de las hipótesis planteadas. Evaluando modos de uso, grados de apropiación e identificación simbólica, etc. Elaboración de guías de estudio y trabajos prácticos para la cátedra en la enseñanza del diseño. Publicación de producciones teóricas y prácticas y presentar líneas de acción en Congresos. El alcance principal del proyecto es el de acercar los procesos académicos de diseño urbano a las necesidades imperantes y prácticas sociales para las cuales aquellos están destinados y abrir líneas de reflexión en torno a la PP del EP

Negative Correlation Between of Light Ions Content and Radon Concentration: Particularity of Tbilisi City Air Pollution, or Norm for the Urbanized Locality?

In Tbilisi according to the data of the complex monitoring of light ions concentration, radon and sub-micron aerosols the effect of feedback of intensity of ionizing radiation with the light ions content in atmosphere is discovered.

Value of the Qrs-T Angle in Predicting the Induction of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients with Chagas Disease

Background:The QRS-T angle correlates with prognosis in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease, reflected by an increase in mortality proportional to an increase in the difference between the axes of the QRS complex and T wave in the frontal plane. The value of this correlation in patients with Chagas heart disease is currently unknown.Objective:Determine the correlation of the QRS-T angle and the risk of induction of ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation (VT / VF) during electrophysiological study (EPS) in patients with Chagas disease.Methods:Case-control study at a tertiary center. Patients without induction of VT / VF on EPS were used as controls. The QRS-T angle was categorized as normal (0-105º), borderline (105-135º) or abnormal (135-180º). Differences between groups for continuous variables were analyzed with the t test or Mann-Whitney test, and for categorical variables with Fisher's exact test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.Results:Of 116 patients undergoing EPS, 37.9% were excluded due to incomplete information / inactive records or due to the impossibility to correctly calculate the QRS-T angle (presence of left bundle branch block and atrial fibrillation). Of 72 patients included in the study, 31 induced VT / VF on EPS. Of these, the QRS-T angle was normal in 41.9%, borderline in 12.9% and abnormal in 45.2%. Among patients without induction of VT / VF on EPS, the QRS-T angle was normal in 63.4%, borderline in 14.6% and abnormal in 17.1% (p = 0.04). When compared with patients with normal QRS-T angle, those with abnormal angle had a fourfold higher risk of inducing ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation on EPS [odds ratio (OR) 4; confidence interval (CI) 1.298-12.325; p = 0.028]. After adjustment for other variables such as age, ejection fraction (EF) and QRS size, there was a trend for the abnormal QRS-T angle to identify patients with increased risk of inducing VT / VF during EPS (OR 3.95; CI 0.99-15.82; p = 0.052). The EF also emerged as a predictor of induction of VT / VF: for each point increase in EF, there was a 4% reduction in the rate of sustained ventricular arrhythmia on EPS.Conclusions:Changes in the QRS-T angle and decreases in EF were associated with an increased risk of induction of VT / VF on EPS.

Correlation between C-Reactive Protein in Peripheral Vein and Coronary Sinus in Stable and Unstable Angina

Background: High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is commonly used in clinical practice to assess cardiovascular risk. However, a correlation has not yet been established between the absolute levels of peripheral and central hs-CRP. Objective: To assess the correlation between serum hs-CRP levels (mg/L) in a peripheral vein in the left forearm (LFPV) with those in the coronary sinus (CS) of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and a diagnosis of stable angina (SA) or unstable angina (UA). Methods: This observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted at the Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, and at the Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, where CAD patients referred to the hospital for coronary angiography were evaluated. Results: Forty patients with CAD (20 with SA and 20 with UA) were included in the study. Blood samples from LFPV and CS were collected before coronary angiography. Furthermore, analysis of the correlation between serum levels of hs-CRP in LFPV versus CS showed a strong linear correlation for both SA (r = 0.993, p < 0.001) and UA (r = 0.976, p < 0.001) and for the entire sample (r = 0.985, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest a strong linear correlation between hs-CRP levels in LFPV versus CS in patients with SA and UA.

top-down function of prestimulus EEG alpha activity

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2007

Music and health in Kenya : sound, spirituality and altered consciousness juxtaposed with emotions

Music and Healing, African Music, Music therapy, Healing Rituals, Kenyan Music

Reverse Cardiac Remodeling: A Marker of Better Prognosis in Heart Failure

In heart failure syndrome, myocardial dysfunction causes an increase in neurohormonal activity, which is an adaptive and compensatory mechanism in response to the reduction in cardiac output. Neurohormonal activity is initially stimulated in an attempt to maintain compensation; however, when it remains increased, it contributes to the intensification of clinical manifestations and myocardial damage. Cardiac remodeling comprises changes in ventricular volume as well as the thickness and shape of the myocardial wall. With optimized treatment, such remodeling can be reversed, causing gradual improvement in cardiac function and consequently improved prognosis.

Left Atrial Volume Determinants in Patients with Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background:Left atrial volume (LAV) is a predictor of prognosis in patients with heart failure.Objective:We aimed to evaluate the determinants of LAV in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods:Ninety patients with DCM and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ≤ 0.50 were included. LAV was measured with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (eco3D). The variables evaluated were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, LV end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume and ejection fraction (eco3D), mitral inflow E wave, tissue Doppler e´ wave, E/e´ ratio, intraventricular dyssynchrony, 3D dyssynchrony index and mitral regurgitation vena contracta. Pearson´s coefficient was used to identify the correlation of the LAV with the assessed variables. A multiple linear regression model was developed that included LAV as the dependent variable and the variables correlated with it as the predictive variables.Results:Mean age was 52 ± 11 years-old, LV ejection fraction: 31.5 ± 8.0% (16-50%) and LAV: 39.2±15.7 ml/m2. The variables that correlated with the LAV were LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.38; p < 0.01), LV end-systolic volume (r = 0.43; p < 0.001), LV ejection fraction (r = -0.36; p < 0.01), E wave (r = 0.50; p < 0.01), E/e´ ratio (r = 0.51; p < 0.01) and mitral regurgitation (r = 0.53; p < 0.01). A multivariate analysis identified the E/e´ ratio (p = 0.02) and mitral regurgitation (p = 0.02) as the only independent variables associated with LAV increase.Conclusion:The LAV is independently determined by LV filling pressures (E/e´ ratio) and mitral regurgitation in DCM.

New Exercise-Dipyridamole Combined Test for Nuclear Cardiology in Insufficient Effort: Appropriate Diagnostic Sensitivity Keeping Exercise Prognosis

AbstractBackground:Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in patients not reaching 85% of the maximum predicted heart rate (MPHR) has reduced sensitivity.Objectives:In an attempt to maintain diagnostic sensitivity without losing functional exercise data, a new exercise and dipyridamole combined protocol (EDCP) was developed. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this protocol and to compare its diagnostic sensitivity against standard exercise and dipyridamole protocols.Methods:In patients not reaching a sufficient exercise (SE) test and with no contraindications, 0.56 mg/kg of dipyridamole were IV administered over 1 minute simultaneously with exercise, followed by 99mTc-MIBI injection.Results:Of 155 patients, 41 had MPS with EDCP, 47 had a SE test (≥ 85% MPHR) and 67 underwent the dipyridamole alone test (DIP). They all underwent coronary angiography within 3 months. The three stress methods for diagnosis of coronary lesions had their sensitivity compared. For stenosis ≥ 70%, EDCP yielded 97% sensitivity, SE 90% and DIP 95% (p = 0.43). For lesions ≥ 50%, the sensitivities were 94%, 88% and 95%, respectively (p = 0.35). Side effects of EDCP were present in only 12% of the patients, significantly less than with DIP (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The proposed combined protocol is a valid and safe method that yields adequate diagnostic sensitivity, keeping exercise prognostic information in patients unable to reach target heart rate, with fewer side effects than the DIP.

Level of Physical Activity and In-Hospital Course of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the modern world. A sedentary lifestyle, present in 85% of the Brazilian population, is considered a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. However, the correlation of a sedentary lifestyle with cardiovascular events (CVE) during hospitalization for ACS is not well established. Objective: To evaluate the association between physical activity level, assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), with in-hospital prognosis in patients with ACS. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study with 215 subjects with a diagnosis of ACS consecutively admitted to a referral hospital for cardiac patients between July 2009 and February 2011. All volunteers answered the short version of the IPAQ and were observed for the occurrence of CVE during hospitalization with a standardized assessment conducted by the researcher and corroborated by data from medical records. Results: The patients were admitted with diagnoses of unstable angina (34.4%), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without ST elevation (41.4%), and AMI with ST elevation (24.2%). According to the level of physical activity, the patients were classified as non-active (56.3%) and active (43.7%). A CVE occurred in 35.3% of the cohort. The occurrence of in-hospital complications was associated with the length of hospital stay (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15) and physical inactivity (OR = 2.54), and was independent of age, systolic blood pressure, and prior congestive heart failure. Conclusion: A physically active lifestyle reduces the risk of CVE during hospitalization in patients with ACS.

Simultaneous recording of EEG and fMRI : new approach to remove gradient and ballistocardiogram EEG-artifacts

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2009

Correlation of Insulin Resistance with Anthropometric Measures and Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Abstract Background: Blood pressure is directly related to body mass index, and individuals with increased waist circumference have higher risk of developing hypertension, insulin resistance, and other metabolic changes, since adolescence. Objective: to evaluate the correlation of blood pressure with insulin resistance, waist circumference and body mass index in adolescents. Methods: Cross-section study on a representative sample of adolescent students. One group of adolescents with altered blood pressure detected by casual blood pressure and/or home blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure > 90th percentile) and one group of normotensive adolescents were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference were measured, and fasting glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined, using the HOMA-IR index to identify insulin resistance. Results: A total of 162 adolescents (35 with normal blood pressure and 127 with altered blood pressure) were studied; 61% (n = 99) of them were boys and the mean age was 14.9 ± 1.62 years. Thirty-eight (23.5%) adolescents had altered HOMA-IR. The group with altered blood pressure had higher values of waist circumference, body mass index and HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Waist circumference was higher among boys in both groups (p<0.05) and girls with altered blood pressure had higher HOMA-IR than boys (p<0.05). There was a significant moderate correlation between body mass index and HOMA-IR in the group with altered blood pressure (ρ = 0.394; p < 0.001), and such correlation was stronger than in the normotensive group. There was also a significant moderate correlation between waist circumference and HOMA-IR in both groups (ρ = 0.345; p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that HOMA-IR was as predictor of altered blood pressure (odds ratio - OR = 2.0; p = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant association of insulin resistance with blood pressure and the impact of insulin resistance on blood pressure since childhood. The correlation and association between markers of cardiovascular diseases was more pronounced in adolescents with altered blood pressure, suggesting that primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors should be early implemented in childhood and adolescence.