Facial paralysis and vestibular syndrome in feedlot cattle in Argentina

This paper reports 6 outbreaks of neurological disease associated with paralysis of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves caused by intracranial space occupying lesions in feedlot cattle. The clinical signs observed were characterized by head tilt, uni or bilateral drooping and paralysis of the ears, eyelid ptosis, keratoconjunctivitis, and different degrees of ataxia. Morbidity and mortality rates ranged from 1.1 to 50% and 0 to 1%, respectively. Gross lesions observed included yellow, thickened leptomeninges, and marked enlargement of the roots of cranial nerves VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear). Histopathologically, there was severe, chronic, granulomatous meningitis and, in one case, chronic, granulomatous neuritis of the VII and VIII cranial nerves. Attempts to identify bacterial, viral, or parasitic agents were unsuccessful. Based on the morphologic lesions, the clinical condition was diagnosed as facial paralysis and vestibular syndrome associated with space occupying lesions in the meninges and the cranial nerves VII and VIII. Feedlot is a practice of growing diffusion in our country and this is a first report of outbreaks of facial paralysis and vestibular disease associated with space occupying lesions in Argentina.

Recuperação funcional em cães com doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar sem percepção à dor profunda: 37 casos (2002-2010)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de 37 cães com diagnóstico de doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar, sem percepção da dor profunda superior a 48 horas e não submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. Os dados identificados foram: raça, idade, sexo, localização da lesão, perda da percepção da dor profunda, duração dos sinais clínicos, recuperação funcional, retorno da percepção da dor profunda, recidivas, eutanásias ou morte. Foi observada recuperação funcional em 11 cães (55%), sendo seis deles entre 30 e 60 dias após o início dos sinais clínicos. Dos onze cães que tiveram recuperação funcional satisfatória, dois (18%) não tiveram retorno da percepção à dor profunda. Pode-se concluir que cães com diagnóstico de DDIV sem percepção à dor profunda superior a 48 horas e não submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória e são necessários, no mínimo, 30 dias do início dos sinais clínicos para estabelecer um prognóstico quanto ao retorno dos movimentos voluntários.

Recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos com doença do disco intervertebral toracolombar sem percepção à dor profunda submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico: 15 casos (2006-2010)

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a recuperação funcional de cães paraplégicos sem percepção à dor profunda (PDP) com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) toracolombar submetidos à hemilaminectomia dorsolateral. Foram incluídos somente cães com DDIV entre os segmentos da medula espinhal T3 e L3, que estavam paraplégicos sem PDP submetidos à cirurgia descompressiva. Foi observada recuperação funcional satisfatória em 73,3% dos cães (n=11), sendo um, aos cinco dias, sete entre 15 e 30 dias e três acima de 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A duração da perda da PDP antes da cirurgia em cinco cães recuperados foi entre 12 e 48 horas e, em seis cães, acima de 48 horas. Cães paraplégicos sem PDP em decorrência da DDIV toracolombar podem apresentar recuperação funcional satisfatória quando submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico mesmo sem percepção a dor profunda com tempo superior a 48 horas. Futuras pesquisas serão necessárias para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento cirúrgico, principalmente para aqueles que perderam a PDP acima de 48 horas.

A study of the facial aging - a multidisciplinary approach

This paper describes a mathematical and graphical model for face aging. It considers the possibility of predicting the aging process by offering an initial quantification of this process as it applies to the face. It is concerned with physical measurements and a general law of time dependence. After measuring and normalizing a photograph of a person, one could predict, with a known amount of error, the appearance of that person at a different age. The technique described has served its purpose successfully, with a representative amount of patient data behaving sufficiently near the general aging curve of each parameter. That model uses a warping technique to emulate the aging changes on the face of women. Frequently the warping methods are based on the interpolation between images or general mathematical functions to calculate the pixel attributes. The implemented process considers the age features of selected parts of a face such as the face outline and the shape of the lips. These age features were obtained by measuring the facial regions of women that have been photographed throughout their lives. The present work is first concerned with discussing a methodology to define the aging parameters that can be measured, and second with representing the age effects graphically.

Epidemiology, management and outcome of facial injuries

Dental injuries are common and the incidence of maxillofacial injuries has increased over the recent decades in Finland. Accidental injuries are the global leading cause of death among children over the age of one year and among adults under the age of 40 globally. Significant resources and costs are needed for the treatment of these patients. The prevention is the most economical way to reduce trauma rates and costs. For the prevention it is crucial to know the prevalences, incidences and risk factors related to injuries. To improve the quality of treatment, it is essential to explore the causes, trauma mechanisms and management of trauma. The above mentioned was the aim of this thesis. With a large epidemiological cohort study (5737 participants) it was possible to estimate lifetime prevalence of and risk factors for dental trauma in general population (Study I). The prevalence of dental fractures was 43% and the prevalence of dental luxations and avulsions was 14%. Male gender, a history of previous non-dental injuries, mental distress, overweight and high alcohol consumption were positively associated with the occurrence of dental injuries Study II was conducted to explore the differences in type and multiplicity of mandibular fractures in three different countries (Canada, Finland and Kuwait). This retrospective study showed that the differences in mandibular fracture multiplicity and location are based on different etiologies and demographic patterns. This data can be exploited for planning of measures to prevent traumatic facial fractures. The etiology, management and outcome of 63 pediatric skull base fracture (Study III) and 20 pediatric frontobasal fracture patients (Study IV) were explored. These retrospective studies showed that, both skull base fracture and frontobasa fracture are rare injuries in childhood and although intracranial injuries and morbidity are frequent, permanent neurological or neuropsychological deficits are infrequent. A systematic algorithm (Study V) for computer tomography (CT) image review was aimed at clinicians and radiologists to improve the assessment of patients with complex upper midface and cranial base trauma. The cohort study was cross sectional and data was collected in the Turku and Oulu University Hospitals. A novel image-reviewing algorithm was created to enhance the specificity of CT for the diagnosis of frontobasal fractures. The study showed that an image-viewing algorithm standardizes the frontobasal trauma detection procedure and leads to better control and assessment. The purpose of the retrospective subcranial craniotomy study (VI) was to review the types of frontobasal fractures and their management, complications and outcome when the fracture is approached subcranially. The subcranial approach appears to be successful and have a reasonably low complication rate. It may be recommended as the technique of choice in multiple and the most complicated frontal base fractures where the endoscopic endonasal approach is not feasible.

Deep generative models for facial keypoints detection

A new area of machine learning research called deep learning, has moved machine learning closer to one of its original goals: artificial intelligence and general learning algorithm. The key idea is to pretrain models in completely unsupervised way and finally they can be fine-tuned for the task at hand using supervised learning. In this thesis, a general introduction to deep learning models and algorithms are given and these methods are applied to facial keypoints detection. The task is to predict the positions of 15 keypoints on grayscale face images. Each predicted keypoint is specified by an (x,y) real-valued pair in the space of pixel indices. In experiments, we pretrained deep belief networks (DBN) and finally performed a discriminative fine-tuning. We varied the depth and size of an architecture. We tested both deterministic and sampled hidden activations and the effect of additional unlabeled data on pretraining. The experimental results show that our model provides better results than publicly available benchmarks for the dataset.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e aplicação de um questionário de dor para pacientes com doença renal policística

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor é um sintoma comum em pacientes com doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD), acometendo em torno de 60% dos casos. OBJETIVO: Traduzir para o português, realizar a adaptação cultural e aplicar um questionário específico de dor, desenvolvido e já validado para população americana com DRPAD. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Realizada por uma equipe multidisciplinar a partir da versão original traduzida, a adaptação cultural implicou em poucas alterações como substituição de palavras por sinônimos ou supressão de termos não comumente utilizados em nossa cultura. Foram feitas modificações em 12 das 46 questões propostas, visando melhor compreensão pelos pacientes. Houve equivalência entre esta adaptação e a posterior retrotradução. RESULTADOS: A forma final do questionário, aplicada em 97 pacientes com DRPAD (64F/33M, 35 ± 12 anos) acompanhados no Ambulatório de Rins Policísticos da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, mostrou que 65 (67%) apresentavam dores isoladas ou associadas em várias localizações, mais frequentemente lombar (77%), seguida de abdominal (66%), cefaleia (15%) e torácica (4%). O questionário revelou que depois do antecedente familiar, a dor foi o segundo fator a contribuir para o diagnóstico de DRPAD nesta população (55% e 22% dos casos, respectivamente). DISCUSSÃO: Dados clínicos e laboratoriais dos prontuários médicos mostraram que pacientes com dor apresentavam volume renal e tamanho do maior cisto significantemente maiores do que os sem dor. CONCLUSÕES: Concluimos que a utilização de um questionário de dor especifico para população com DRPAD propiciou melhor caracterização deste sintoma, assim como sua relação com as complicações associadas que ocorrem comumente nesta população.

ALBUM AMICORUM de Jean Durand (1583-1592). In-8 de 2 f. lim. et 380 p., mar. r., comp. de mos. de mar. v., riche dorure à petits fers, tr. dor. et ciselée. (Rel. du XVIe siècle.)

Durand (Jean). Album amicorum (1583-1592)

LE || TIERS LIVRE || Des Faicts et Dicts || Heroïques du bon Pantagruel : || Composé par M. Fran. || Rabelais docteur || en Medi- || cine. || Reueu, & corrigé par l'Autheur, sus || la censure antique. || L'Autheur susdict || supplie les Lecteurs beneuoles, soy || reseruer a rire au soixante || & dixhuytiesme || Liure. || A Paris, || De l'imprimerie de Michel Fezandat, au mont || S. Hilaire, a l'hostel d'Albret. || 1552. Il Auec priuilege du Roy. In-8 de 160 f. inexactement chiffr. (le dernier coté 170), 3 f. non chiffr. et 1 f. blanc. — LE || QVART LIVRE || des faicts et || dicts Heroiques du bon || Pantagruel. || Composé par M. François Rabelais || docteur en Medicine. || A Paris, || De l'imprimerie de Michel Fezandat, au mont || S. Hilaire, a l'hostel d'Albret. || 1552. || Auec priuilege du Roy. — [A la fin de la Table :] Acheué d'imprimer le XXVIII. de || Ianuier M.D.LII [1552]. In-8 de 19 f. non chiffr., 144 f. chiffr. et 14 f. non chiffr. — Ensemble 2 vol. in-8, mar. citr., fil., dos ornés, tr. dor. (Anc. rel.). Rothschild 1514 (2)

Rabelais (François). Tiers Livre (1552)