[In main hall of] NOW conference in Washington, D.C.

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Patricia Harris, Former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Ledroit Park, A Portrait In Black And White: A Study Of Historic Districts, Social Change, And The Process Of Neighborhood Placemaking

This research examines the process of placemaking in LeDroit Park, a residential Washington, DC, neighborhood with a historic district at its core. Unpacking the entwined physical and social evolution of the small community within the context of the Nation’s Capital, this analysis provides insight into the role of urban design and development as well as historic designation on shaping collective identity. Initially planned and designed in 1873 as a gated suburb just beyond the formal L’Enfant-designed city boundary, LeDroit Park was intended as a retreat for middle and upper-class European Americans from the growing density and social diversity of the city. With a mixture of large romantic revival mansions and smaller frame cottages set on grassy plots evocative of an idealized rural village, the physical design was intentionally inwardly-focused. This feeling of refuge was underscored with a physical fence that surrounded the development, intended to prevent African Americans from nearby Howard University and the surrounding neighborhood, from using the community’s private streets to access the City of Washington. Within two decades of its founding, LeDroit Park was incorporated into the District of Columbia, the surrounding fence was demolished, and the neighborhood was racially integrated. Due to increasingly stringent segregation laws and customs in the city, this period of integration lasted less than twenty years, and LeDroit Park developed into an elite African American enclave, using the urban design as a bulwark against the indignities of a segregated city. Throughout the 20th century housing infill and construction increased density, yet the neighborhood never lost the feeling of security derived from the neighborhood plan. Highlighting the architecture and street design, neighbors successfully received historic district designation in 1974 in order to halt campus expansion. After a stalemate that lasted two decades, the neighborhood began another period of transformation, both racial and socio-economic, catalyzed by a multi-pronged investment program led by Howard University. Through interviews with long-term and new community members, this investigation asserts that the 140-year development history, including recent physical interventions, is integral to placemaking, shaping the material character as well as the social identity of residents.

Plan shewing the present & proposed directions of the Canal between 3d & 7th Street West on the Mall : [Washington D.C.] /

Ink and watercolor.

Plan shewing the present & proposed direction of the Canal between 3d & Seventh streets : [Washington D.C.] /

Oriented with north to the left.

Map of n. eastern Virginia and vicinity of Washington /

Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings.

Plan of 59 different tracts of land (of 1000 acres each) containing in the whole 59,000 acres : situate on different waters of south Edisto River, except seven tracts (or 7000 acres) are lying on the waters of north Edisto River in the District of Orangeburgh, State of South Carolina /

Pen-and-ink and watercolor.

Commercial Driver's License in a Nutshell, March 2009

Federal law requires uniform licensing of truck and bus drivers (CDL) in all states and the District of Columbia. Commercial Driver's License (CDL) testing and issuance began in Iowa November 1, 1990. A person applying for a license to operate a commercial motor vehicle must apply for a CDL.

Independent Chronicle Vol. XLVI No. 3470- July 14, 1814

A semi-weekly paper that was published from 1801 to 1817. It was previously called the Independent chronicle and the universal advertiser, and was later the Independent chronicle and Boston patriot (Semiweekly). Publishers were Abijah Adams and Ebenezer Rhoades. Topics of interest in this issue include: Page 1: report of Independence Day celebration including multiple toasts to the military; Page 2: report of South Carolina militia marching home; report of U.S. schooner Alligator being lost to a tornado in Port Royal; report of 10,000 militia and 2,000 regular Army troops to be used in defense of the District of Columbia and vicinity; report U.S. is to try to raise 100,000 militia for defense; news of British deserters providing information to the U.S.; report of skirmishes along the U.S. coast; statement from U.S. Navy Capt. David Porter stating he had taken possession of Sir Henry Martin's Island; report of British troops burning a militia barracks in Lewiston, N.Y.; 4 accounts of the battle of Chippewa and the taking of Fort Erie; statement from Maj. Gen. Brown in praise of his troops in the battle of Chippewa; copy of General Brown's orders to attack at Fort Erie; essay arguing against U.S. citizens boarding enemy ships; report of peace treaty rumours; Page 3: account of Capt. Porter's capture and subsequent escape from the British; list of American prisoners held on the British ship Nymph; report of British cargo ship captured by U.S. war ship; Proclamation from James Madison pardoning military deserters if they return to military service; announcement to officers and soldiers in the military offering reward for the return of military deserters; Page 4: 2 reward advertisements for return of military deserters;

L'ordinador i el desenvolupament de l'aprenentatge de la lectura i l'escriptura : proposta de software per aprendre a llegir i escriure en català. 'El ordenador y el desarrollo del aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura : propuesta de software para aprender a leer y a escribir en catalán'.

1-Formular las ventajas y los inconvenientes que comporta el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura a través del programa de ordenador 'Writing to read'. 2-Estructurar y verificar un programa de ordenador que permite el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura en catalán a los niños de Párvulos de cinco años, llamado 'Teclear para comprender'. 1-Dos grupos de 34 alumnos de cinco años, que asisten a la Escuela Pública del District of Columbia (EUA). 2-Una clase de 30 alumnos de Párvulos de cinco años, que asisten a la Escuela Pública Nostra Llar de Sabadell (Barcelona). Realiza un estado de la cuestión sobre la aplicación del ordenador en el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura. Realiza dos estudios empíricos diferentes con diferentes muestras de alumnos de Parvulario. Plantea las hipótesis. Variable independiente: los dos softwares educativos. Variable dependiente: resultados en lectura y escritura. Variable interna: Capacidades de los alumnos y variables socioeconómicas. Estudio 1: compara el aprendizaje de dos grupos de alumnos, uno experimental que sigue la enseñanza con el programa 'Writing to read' y otro control que sigue la enseñanza tradicional. Obtiene los datos a partir de un diseño pretest posttest y los analiza cuantitativa y cualitativamente mediante el método etnográfico de observación participante. Estudio 2: los resultados del anterior estudio le llevan al diseño y validación cualitativa del programa ad hoc 'Teclear para comprender' mediante la misma metodología que el anterior estudio. Test Metropolitan Readiness para el pretest y posttest, observaciones registradas en el diario de campo, entrevistas semidirigidas y trabajos de los alumnos. Prueba t de Student y análisis etnográfico. Existe relación entre el método de enseñanza y las puntuaciones finales en el posttest. El ordenador es un elemento motivador, permite trabajar al mismo tiempo autónoma y cooperativamente, facilita la conceptualización de algunas características importantes del texto escrito y representa una ayuda para los aprendizajes, sin olvidar la decisiva función que ejerce el maestro. Se ha comprobado que, tanto el programa 'Writing to read' como el 'Teclear para comprender', estimulan y complementan, con técnicas de hoy en día, el desarrollo del aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura.

Conference Participants, Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1972)

The Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference drew a registered attendance of 239 with an estimated additional 50-75 persons who attended portions of the conference but did not register. As in past conferences, the attendance was made up of individuals having varying interests in vertebrate pest problems from twenty two states plus the District of Columbia. Participants from Canada, Denmark, England, Germany, India and New Zealand contributed greatly to the success of the conference and provided further exchange of information on an international level.

In adults: 47.2% have periodontitis! How about in orthodontic patients?

The occurrence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease due to dental plaque in adults over 30 years of age was noticed in 47.2% of the 3,742 subjects studied, representing a 64.7 million people population in the 50 states of the U.S. and the District of Columbia. The methods used by the authors were uniquely precise and the results brought us to great insight on the correlation between orthodontic treatment and periodontal health, which is described below.

Public Lawyers and Marijuana Regulation

Although 23 states and the District of Columbia have now legalized marijuana for medical purposes, marijuana remains a prohibited substance under federal law. Because the production, sale, possession and use of marijuana remain illegal, there is a risk of prosecution under federal laws. Furthermore, those who help marijuana users and providers put themselves at risk — federal law punishes not only those who violate drug laws but also those who assist or conspire with them to do so. In the case of lawyers representing marijuana users and businesspeople, this means not only the real (though remote) risk of criminal prosecution but also the more immediate risk of professional discipline. Elsewhere, we wrote about the difficult place in which lawyers find themselves when representing marijuana clients. We argued that while both the criminal law and the rules of professional conduct rightly require legal obedience from lawyers, other countervailing factors must be considered when evaluating lawyers’ representation of marijuana clients. In particular, we asserted that considerations of equity and access to justice weigh dispositively in favor of protecting lawyers who endeavor to help their clients comply with state marijuana laws, and we suggested means of interpreting relevant criminal law provisions and rules of professional conduct to achieve this result. This article builds on that analysis, taking on the particular issue of the public lawyer’s’ role in marijuana regulation. For government lawyers, the key issues in exercising discretion in the context of marijuana are not clients’ access to the law and equality but rather determining the clients’ wishes and serving them diligently and ethically. Lawyers representing state agencies, legislatures and the executive branch of government draft and interpret the rules and regulations regarding marijuana. Lawyers for federal, state and local governments then interpret those rules to determine the obligations and responsibilities of those they represent and to help their clients meet those obligations and carry out their required tasks. Both state and federal prosecutors are charged with determining what conduct remains illegal under the new rules and, perhaps more importantly, with exercising discretion regarding whom to prosecute and to what extent. Marijuana regulation is not a niche area of government regulation; it will influence the practice of virtually every public lawyer in the years to come. Public lawyers must understand the changes in marijuana law and the implications for government clients. Given the pervasiveness of the modern regulatory state, the situation is no easier — and, in many ways, it is more complicated — for public lawyers than it is for private ones. Public lawyers face myriad practice challenges with respect to marijuana law reform, and while we do not purport to identify and resolve all of the issues that are sure to arise in this short paper, we hope that the article helps alert public lawyers to some of the risks involved in participating in marijuana regulation so that they can think carefully about their obligations when these issues arise.