Characterization of the chemical composition of the essential oils from Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' and Annona squamosa L.

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer 'terra-fria' and Annona squamosa L. The species were grown in a greenhouse for 18 months, which nutrient solution was applied weekly; the plants were then harvested and the leaves dried to extract the essential oil. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to study its chemical profiles. Eleven substances were found in the essential oil of A. emarginata, primarily (E)-caryophyllene (29.29%), (Z)-caryophyllene (16.86%), γ-muurolene (7.54%), α-pinene (13.86%), and tricyclene (10.04%). Ten substances were detected in the oil from A. squamosa, primarily (E)-caryophyllene (28.71%), (Z)-caryophyllene (14.46%), α-humulene (4.41%), camphene (18.10%), α-pinene (7.37%), β-pinene (8.71%), and longifolene (5.64%). Six substances were common to both species: (E)-caryophyllene, (Z)-caryophyllene, α-humulene, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene.

ACÚMULO DE NUTRIENTES EM BANANEIRA ‘D´ANGOLA’ (TIPO TERRA) SOB DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO VIA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO

A bananeira cv. D´Angola demanda grandes quantidades de nutrientes para seu desenvolvimento e produção. Para uma recomendação adequada de fertilizantes, é importante que se conheçam as quantidades de nutrientes absorvidas, exportadas e restituídas ao solo pela planta. Objetivou-se avaliar os acúmulos de fitomassa e macronutrientes na bananeira cv. D´Angola (tipo Terra), em cinco doses de nitrogênio (N) aplicado em fertirrigação por gotejamento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no campo da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, no município de Cruz das Almas-BA, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se a fitomassa e o acúmulo de nutrientes em cinco órgãos da planta (pseudocaule, folhas, frutos, engaço e coração), em cinco doses de N (135; 180; 225; 270 e 315 kg ha-1) aplicadas via água de irrigação. Os resultados indicaram que o acúmulo de fitomassa e nutrientes para a bananeira cv. D´Angola mostrou que há diferentes níveis de absorção, exportação e restituição ao solo de macronutrientes entre os órgãos da planta, em função das doses de N, e que, em média, o pseudocaule e as folhas foram os órgãos que mais acumularam de nutrientes, enquanto o coração foi o que menos acumulou. A ordem decrescente de absorção na planta foi potássio, seguido por nitrogênio e cálcio.

La ciutat de les dames i Terra d’elles: dues utopies feministes en català

Elizabeth Russell sosté que les utopies escrites per dones són més transgressores «perquè desconstrueixen el concepte de perfecció» (2007: 21). En aquesta línia de crítica social i necessitat de reformes, quant al gènere femení, neixen, amb cinc segles de diferència, les dues obres estudiades aquí, Le livre de la cité des dames (1405), de Christine de Pisan, i Herland (1915), de Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Amb notables excepcions com La mística de la feminitat (1965), de Betty Friedan, i El segon sexe (1968), de Simone de Beauvoir, a casa nostra els discursos androcèntrics es ben cuidaren de negar l’entrada d’aires subversius que, per raons òbvies, poguessin esverar aquell àngel de la llar amansit i silenciat, per dir-ho a la manera woolfiana. Charlotte Perkins Gilman arribà per primera vegada a Catalunya i a la península ibèrica el 1982 amb la traducció al català de Montserrat Abelló per a l’editorial La Sal d’El paper de paret groc. En els mateixos anys vuitanta i per a la mateixa editorial Helena Valentí traduí al castellà El país de ellas (1987), obra que el 2002 traslladà al català Jordi Vidal Tubau en una edició a cura d’Eulàlia Lledó que porta per títol Terra d’elles. Poc després, el 1990, La ciutat de les dames, de Christine de Pisan, es pogué llegir en llengua catalana amb una edició i traducció de Mercè Otero per a la col·lecció «Espai de Dones» d’Edicions de l’Eixample. Aquest article presenta la recepció a Catalunya de dos clàssics del gènere de les utopies feministes, La ciutat de les dames (1990), de Christine de Pisan, i Terra d’elles (2002), de Charlotte Perkins Gilman, amb notes sobre la seva difusió al castellà i al gallec.

Els boscos de Nothofagus de Terra de Foc com a paradigma de la dinàmica successional del no equilibri

Dues especies planifolies del genere Notllo/iigus, famili afagacies, integren els boscos de la Terra del Foc al llarg dels darrers contraforts dels Andes. Les grans valls en forma de <> i la morfologia de les muntanyes mostren dels efectes de les glaciations recents.

Sota terra: excavant als escenaris de la Batalla de l'Ebre. Televisió de Catalunya, 14 de juny de 2010

Sembla que donar a conèixer l"arqueologia com a disciplina amb metodologia científica i caràcter professional no sigui una tasca fàcil. Vèncer la idea que es ven en pel·lícules de l"estil d"Indiana Jones implica que cal fer una tasca de difusió de la disciplina cap al gran públic, mostrant les diferents cares que té avui dia de forma didàctica, entretinguda i rigorosa. En un principi la idea del programa Sota Terra, emès per TV3 entre el juny i el setembre del 2010, era precisament aquesta. Tal i com ho afirmen els responsables a la plana web del programa:"Hi ha diversió, humor, aventura i rigor. Per l"ordre que es vulgui". En realitat, però, veurem que alguns elements no són tan clars, com a mínim en el capítol que ressenyem: Excavant als escenaris de la Batalla de l"Ebre, emès el 14 de juny del 2010.

Descoloração e degradação de poluentes orgânicos em soluções aquosas através do processo fotoeletroquímico

Organic compounds responsible for the color of wastewaters are usually refractory to biological digestion. In this paper the photo-assisted electrolysis process is used for color removal from three of the most colored wastewaters, which are daily generated in large amounts: the E1 bleach Kraft mill effluent, a textile reactive dye effluent and a landfill leachate. Electrolysis was carried out at 26,5 mA cm-2 in a flow reactor in which the anode surface was illuminated by a 400 W high pressure Hg bulb. In all experiments 70-75% of color reduction was observed which was also followed by a net organic load oxidation.

Estudo da degradação do herbicida ácido 2,4- diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) por meio da radiação gama do cobalto-60 em solução aquosa contendo ácido húmico

The use of pesticides in agriculture presents some problems to ecosytems as a consequence of their remaining in the environment. Conventional methods for environmental decontamination sometimes just transfer these residues from one place to another. The use of gamma radiation from cobalt-60 to induce 2,4-D degradation in aqueous solution containing humic acid was studied. Results show that the herbicide is completely degraded after treatment with a 30 kGy dose. There were decreases in the degradation of the 2,4-D when humic acid was added at all doses. Some radiolytic products are proposed. The 2,4-D radiolytic yields (G) from 2,4-D were calculated.

Redução de poluentes de efluentes das indústrias de papel e celulose pela floculação/coagulação e degradação fotoquímica

The abatement of recalcitrant lignin macromolecules from effluents of pulp and paper industry was investigated by combined process. Flocculation and coagulation with aluminum sulfate and natural polyelectrolytes extracted from cactus Cereus peruvianus were used in the first step. After separation of solid residues by filtration, the photochemical methods using TiO2 as catalyst were employed for photocatalytic degradation of lignin compounds from solution. The abatement of lignin compounds after flocculation and coagulation was 46%, and after the overall process, the pollutants reduction observed were 66%. The remaining organic compounds may be removed by any biological treatment.

Degradação e estabilização do diclofenaco em nanocápsulas poliméricas

The parameters which affect the degradation and stabilization of diclofenac in suspensions of nanocapsules and of the corresponding spray-dried powders were investigated. Formulations were subjected to 14 months of storage at room temperature. In addition, a study of the degradation of diclofenac was carried out by exposing the formulations or mixtures (drug and adjuvants) to UVC wavelengths. The presence of Epikuron 170® in a concentration higher than 3.06 mg/mL stabilizes the drug, avoiding its reduction or degradation. The degradation products were isolated, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and identified as 2-(2',6'-dichlorophenyl)aminobenzyl alcohol and N-(2',6'-dichlorophenyl)anthranilylaldehyde.

Degradação de BTXs via processos oxidativos avançados

In this study the efficiency of advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) were investigated toward the degradation of aqueous solutions containing benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX). The results indicated that BTX can be effectively oxidized by the UV-A-assisted photo-Fenton process. The treatment permits almost total degradation of BTX and removal of more than 80% of the phenolyc intermediates at reaction times of about 30 min. Preliminary investigations using solar light suggest a good potentiality of the process for the treatment of large volumes of aqueous samples containing these polluting species.

Degradação de corantes reativos pelo sistema ferro metálico/peróxido de hidrogênio

In this work the degradation of aqueous solutions of reactive azo-dyes is reported using a combined reductive/advanced oxidative process based in the H2O2/zero-valent iron system. At optimized experimental conditions (pH 7, H2O2 100 mg L-1, iron 7 g L-1) and using a continuous system containing commercial iron wool, the process afforded almost total discolorization of aqueous solutions of three reactive azo-dyes (reactive orange 16, reactive black 5 and brilliant yellow 3G-P) at a hydraulic retention time of 2.5 min. At these conditions the hydrogen peroxide is almost totally consumed while the released total soluble iron reaches a concentration compatible with the current Brazilian legislation (15 mg L-1).

Comparação da eficiência do processo de ozonização e ozonização catalítica (Mn II e Cu II) na degradação de fenol

This paper discusses the results obtained with homogeneous catalytic ozonation [Mn (II) and Cu (II)] in phenol degradation. The reduction of total phenols and total organic carbon (TOC) and the ozone consumption were evaluated. The efficiency in phenol degradation (total phenol removal) at pH 3, with the catalytic process (Mn (II)), increased from 37% to 55% while the TOC removal increased from 4 to 63% in a seven-minute treatment. The ozonation process efficiency at pH 10 was 43% and 39% for phenol and TOC removal, respectively. The presence of both metallic ions (Mn2+ and Cu+2) in the ozonation process resulted in a positive effect.

Els últims prats de dall a la terra baixa gironina

Article on es descriu la distribució geogràfica i les característiques del poblament vegetal dels prats de dall de les comarques gironines

Ação de colorantes na degradação e estabilização de polímeros

Dyes and pigments are additives used in polymers to improve mainly the aesthetic properties of the material. However, the incorporation of these additives can directly affect polymer stability. The colorants can drastically decrease the lifetime and the performance of the material or can act as a stabilizer, improving significantly the stability of the polymer against degradation. Interaction between colorants and polymers is the cause of the stability changes. Some mechanisms are proposed to explain the action of colorants on polymers. However it is difficult to foresee this action without experiments. This work reviews the main mechanisms involved in the degradation and stabilization of polymers containing colorants.

Avaliação dos tratamentos eletroquímico e fotoeletroquímico na degradação de corantes têxteis

This paper presents the study of the oxidation of three textile dyes (Remazol black B, Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R and Remazol Golden Yellow RNL) using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods. In both methods, electrolysis experiments were performed at a current density of 50 mA cm-2 in an aqueous solution of each dye (30 mg L-1), using a photoelectrochemical flow-cell. For all the dyes studied, the photoelectrochemical method was demonstrated to be more efficient than the electrochemical one. Photoelectrochemical oxidation resulted in complete decoloration after 90 min of electrolysis and total organic carbon (TOC) removal reached up to 36%. It was observed that the dyes presenting chromophores at higher wavelengths are removed the quickest, which indicates that photosensitised (photoassisted) oxidation occurs. The level of color was reduced to levels below the standards presented in the literature, which indicates the viability of the photoelectrochemical process as part of the treatment of textile effluents.