Práticas e saberes da professora pomerana : um estudo sobre interculturalidade

Esta pesquisa analisa práticas e saberes da professora pomerana em uma escola do campo de ensino fundamental em Santa Maria de Jetibá/Estado do Espírito Santo/Brasil, para problematizar questões sobre cultura e interculturalidade. Aprofundam-se reflexões sobre quais têm sido as contribuições dessas práticas para uma educação escolar intercultural. Beneficia-se do estudo de caso para análise de documentos, observações de aulas, observações participantes em planejamentos, realização de entrevista semiestruturada com a professora e, anotações no diário de campo. Situam-se brevemente questões da história dos descendentes de pomeranos, bem como sobre as principais produções acadêmicas referentes à educação desse povo tradicional. Discussões teórico-metodológicas contribuem para compreensão e embasamento de alguns conceitos-chave, como: cultura(s) (THOMPSON, 1995; GEERTZ, 2012), interculturalismo (CANDAU, 2005; FORNET-BETANCOURT, 2004), cultura escolar e cultura da escola (FORQUIN, 1993), práticas docentes (FREIRE, 1996), saberes docentes (TARDIF, 2012), parceria (FOERSTE, 2005) etc. Aponta-se que as práticas da professora pomerana faziam parte do contexto escolar antes da implementação do Programa de Educação Escolar Pomerana (PROEPO) no que se refere ao uso oral da língua pomerana na sala de aula. As práticas da professora se ressignificam na interação com os saberes culturais, experienciais e coletivos produzidos na dinâmica escolar e comunitária. Essas práticas possibilitam o diálogo da cultura escolar com a cultura da escola, promovendo a vivência das experiências locais e o acesso ao saber universal. Pode-se afirmar que no contexto da escola investigada existem algumas condições que favorecem a dimensão da interculturalidade nos processos pedagógicos. Cabe aprofundar estudos sobre as contribuições da educação escolar para o ensino bilíngue e seus impactos à valorização da cultura pomerana e a consequente manutenção da língua deste povo tradicional. Tensões e conflitos foram identificados quanto ao enfoque do PROEPO ao desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita em língua pomerana.

Práticas corporais na comunidade tradicional Alto Santa Maria : continuidades e descontinuidades

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar jogos, danças, brincadeiras e outras práticas corporais para analisar o processo de sua apreensão pelos sujeitos nas dinâmicas de relações sociais das comunidades. Em menor instância, os objetivos foram listados para analisar os momentos de continuidade, descontinuidade e/ou ruptura das tradições que ocorrem ao se desenvolver as práticas corporais e identificar e analisar as relações registradas nos espaços de “entrega” e “recepção” dessas tradições. Para tanto, ao propor a investigação das práticas corporais de comunidades tradicionais como nosso objeto de estudo, decidimos analisar Alto Santa Maria, do estado do Espírito Santo, localizada no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá, elegendo como sujeitos deste estudo crianças e adultos da comunidade pomerana. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, num primeiro momento foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e, posteriormente, o trabalho em campo para a coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas abertas e da técnica de observação assistemática de campo. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada de forma interpretativa, buscando apreender nas falas dos sujeitos, e de forma qualitativamente satisfatória,as categorias previamente selecionadas. A análise dos dados permitiu reconhecer, dentre os vários elementos da identidade cultural, a cultura corporal com relaçãoàspráticas corporais locais. Em Alto Santa Maria, elas se inscrevem em um contexto dinâmico, no qual se registram tanto tradicionais quanto não-tradicionais. Desta forma, concluímos que as práticas corporais, como jogos, brincadeiras e danças, materializam-se, nos contextos descritos, simultaneamente como práticas pomeranas ou externas à comunidade, mas que hoje fazem parte das práticas culturais do Alto Santa Maria, conduzindo a um diálogo entre elas.

Entre rios, praias e planetas : travessias do congo da Barra do Jucu

O Espírito Santo abriga grande diversidade de expressões populares tradicionais que se dividem em grupos, saberes e celebrações. Uma das práticas mais evidentes são as bandas de Congo que abrangem grande parte do Estado e ganham cada vez mais notoriedade. A Barra do Jucu é uma das comunidades mais antigas do Espírito Santo, uma vila de pescadores que séculos atrás compunha parte da grande fazenda Araçatiba fundada pelos Jesuítas e administrada no século XIX pelo coronel Sebastião Vieira Machado. A diversidade cultural dessa região habitada por africanos, indígenas e europeus, propiciou o surgimento de práticas populares como a Marujada, a Folia de Reis e as Bandas de Congo, que persistem até hoje nos municípios de Cariacica, Vila Velha, Guarapari e Viana, no passado, pertencentes à grande fazenda Araçatiba. A formação do Congo na Barra do Jucu é resultado de rodas informais realizadas por conguistas de comunidades ribeirinhas vizinhas, promovidas principalmente pelo senhor Ignácio Vieira Machado, descendente do coronel Sebastião e lideradas por Alcides Gomes da Silva, descendente de negros africanos e açorianos habitantes da fazenda Araçatiba. Durante muito tempo essa prática foi marginalizada, mas atualmente o Congo é considerado um ícone da cultura capixaba. Essa ressignificação está ligada a um processo de valorização e projeção midiática que se iniciou nos anos 1980 e se intensificou nas décadas seguintes. Boa parte dos movimentos e eventos que estimularam esse processo ocorreu na comunidade da Barra do Jucu. Por outro lado, políticos, empresários, indústria do entretenimento e outros setores sociais, aproveitam cada vez mais dessa ascensão do Congo utilizando os grupos tradicionais para fins lucrativos e promocionais. De prática marginal até se tornar ícone cultural, o Congo da Barra do Jucu passou por fazendas, rios, praias e planetas. E sobre essas travessias não só geográficas, mas sociais, culturais e políticas é que este trabalho pretende refletir, além das práticas tradicionais dos grupos e seus usos, buscando trazer à tona as relações entre conguistas, instituições públicas e privadas, mídia e público.

As tessituras cotidianas que compõem as práticas de cuidado nas relações entre trabalhadores da saúde mental e usuários

Para pesquisar sobre as produções de cuidado pelos trabalhadores da saúde mental na relação cotidiana do trabalho e com os usuários, utilizou-se como ferramentas metodológicas: a cartografia - por considerar os processos descritivos de ‘uma vida’ e as multiplicidades que atravessam os sujeitos - e as narrativas propostas por Walter Benjamin, como forma de contar histórias sobre estes processos que se compõem na produção de cuidado. A Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil foi marcada pela crítica aos modos asilares, que eram/são adoecedores e negam os desejos e os direitos das pessoas que passam pela experiência da loucura, internadas ou não. Com o olhar crítico a esse modelo hospitalocêntrico, vários atores antimanicomiais protagonizaram a criação de dispositivos que transversalizam essa forma de cuidado. O cuidado em saúde mental passou por diversas transformações como mostra Foucault (1982), principalmente com a entrada do saber científico que se apropriou do conhecimento e do controle dos corpos para lidar com a loucura, o que proporcionou o isolamento dos loucos. E, hoje, com a Reforma Psiquiátrica, temos o desafio de continuar o movimento de desinstitucionalização das práticas, dos saberes e dos manicômios mentais, que perpassam as relações de trabalho de cuidado por meio de capturas, sensíveis ou não, e que se presentificam nos corpos, nas falas e nas ações. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário que esses processos de rupturas ao modo manicomial se iniciem em nós, para que a produção de subjetividades e novos modos de existência do outro se expandam em suas (re)invenções. Por isso, o trabalho se cria a todo instante, não tendo um modelo único de cuidar na saúde mental. No entanto, é importante salientar que a intervenção seja pautada numa ética estética-política e na produção de autonomia dos sujeitos, para que o trabalho não seja tutelador, mas que permita as afirmações dos desejos dos usuários. As equipes multiprofissionais e transdisciplinares fazem toda a diferença no acolhimento, no acompanhamento e nas intervenções com os usuários, os familiares e os próprios trabalhadores da saúde mental. Como uma forma de dispositivo de trabalho para produzir cuidado, a arte e a cultura são vistas como transformadores dos modos de existência, bem como o lazer e a ocupação dos territórios e da comunidade em que os usuários estão inseridos

Evaluating the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture (ECOC): a Tourist Perception Approach

Guimarães has hosted, during the year of 2012, one of the European Capital of Culture (ECOC). The evaluation of the event is needed as public, private and community funds are involved. The approach considers the tourists (domestic and international) as external and independent stakeholders who assessed the cultural activities developed during the event and the attributes of the city. The results of the survey show that hosting the 2012 ECOC was a major contribution for attracting new visitors to the city, although many of them just for a short period of time. The main source of general information collected by tourists was the Internet, and the traditional media. Only a small amount of respondents demonstrated a specialized knowledge of the cultural program. The most cited and appreciated performances came from the areas of music, exhibitions, and theatre. According to the perceptions of tourists, the tangible assets were clearly detached from the set of attributes of Guimarães, including buildings, churches and chapels, whereas intangible assets were less noted. Overall, Guimarães received a very positive evaluation related to city image and stay and is highly recommended by tourists to friends and relatives.

Motivations to visit and image destination of Guimarães: differences between Portuguese and foreign tourists during 2012 Guimarães European Capital of Culture (ECOC)

Guimarães hosted the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) during the year of 2012. This study investigates the differences between Portuguese and foreign tourists regarding the main motivations to visit Guimarães and the retained perceived image of the destination. To achieve that purpose a survey was administered to 390 tourists that visited the city during the cultural event. The results show that tourists who visited Guimarães are relatively young, wealthy, employed and well educated. They are touring around the northern part of the country which includes an itinerary beginning in Porto, and extended to other important neighboring cities such as Braga or Viana do Castelo. The main motivations to visit the city, for both Portuguese and foreign tourists, are its historical heritage and the title of ECOC, the associated cultural events and celebrations that take place during 2012. However, these items were more valued by foreigners than Portuguese tourists. Using a factor analysis the tourists’ perceived attributes of Guimarães were described in four dimensions: “material heritage”, “intangible heritage”, “cultural performance”, and “sport and education”. Although foreigners and nationals perceived the tourism attributes of the city differently, the comparison of the mean scores of the four factors across Portuguese and foreigner tourists reveals that the most valued and least valued factors are common to both groups.

The Museum Of All: Institutional Communication Practices in a Participatory Networked World

The Museum Of All: Institutional Communication Practices in a Participatory Networked World

Determining factors of environmental management practices in portuguese local entities

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyse the development of environmental management practices by Portuguese local entities and their determining factors. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected by sending a postal questionnaire. In order to measure the degree of development of environmental management practices an index of environmental management practices (EMPI) was developed, which reflects the extent to which a set of 16 environmental management practices have been implemented by the entities included in the sample. Four variables are considered in this study as possible factors that drive the development of environmental management practices by local entities, namely type of entity, size, proactive environmental strategy and Local Agenda 21 Findings: Results indicate the degree of development of environmental management practices in Portuguese local entities is low. Additionally, entity size, the adoption of proactive environmental strategies and the implementation of Local Agenda 21 are explaining factors of the degree of development of such practices. Originality/value: This study adds to the international research on environmental management in public sector by providing empirical data from a country, Portugal, where empirical evidence is still relatively limited.

Determining factors of environmental management practices in portuguese local entities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of environmental management practices by Portuguese local entities and their determining factors. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected by sending a postal questionnaire. In order to measure the degree of development of environmental management practices, an index of environmental management practices (EMPI) was developed, which reflects the extent to which a set of 16 environmental management practices have been implemented by the entities included in the sample. In total, four variables are considered in this study as possible factors that drive the development of environmental management practices by local entities: type of entity; size; proactive environmental strategy; and Local Agenda 21. Findings – Results indicate the degree of development of environmental management practices in Portuguese local entities is low. Additionally, entity size, the adoption of proactive environmental strategies and the implementation of Local Agenda 21 are explaining factors of the degree of development of such practices. Originality/value – The paper adds to the international research on environmental management in the public sector by providing empirical data from a country, Portugal, where empirical evidence is still relatively limited.

Mapping Culture and Compromised Art in the Era of Globalization

This work presents an analysis of the cultural and artistic field, positively compromised with social and political questions. The authors start with the categorization of the idea of culture and move to vindication art movements. These movements, which followed the first vanguards and worked from the compromise with “otherness”, are at the origin of the contemporary denomination of political art. In this context, the authors approach the origins of activist art, referring to issues of gender, multiculturalism, globalization, and poverty. The different forms of presenting content are also an object of analysis: from art tradition to the contamination of daily life, from local to global, from street contact to digital.

Perceptions of residents of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: An ex-ante approach

The European Capital of Culture is an annual mega-event, which can provide a good forum though which to challenge and engage local citizens, thus generating feelings of common citizenship. In addition, it presents an ideal opportunity to promote the restructuring of the hosting urban space. However, the success of both the organization and the city that hosts the cultural event depends on the residents’ commitment towards it, the consistency of the tourism attractions and activities supplied, and the capacity of anticipating and monitoring the evolution of tourists’ preferences. The present study aims to assess the intention to participate and the impacts perceived by residents of Guimarães from hosting one of the 2012 European Capitals of Culture (2012 ECOC) in the ex-ante period (2011). Through a convenience sample of 471 usable surveys applied to the local population, conducted between October and December 2011, we tried to identify some of these potential impacts. According to the results received, 40% of residents had a low or very low knowledge of the cultural program, although only 11% demonstrated no intention of attending any activity during the event. The comparison of the mean scores of the expected 2012 ECOC impacts by gender reveals that the most valued and least valued factors are common to female and male respondents. With regard to the differences between those that intended to attend the event and the ones that did not, expected participants rated positive and negative impact factors more than did the ones that did not intend to attend.

Perceptions of residents of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: an ex-ante approach

The European Capital of Culture is an annual mega-event, which can provide a good forum though which to challenge and engage local citizens, thus generating feelings of common citizenship. In addition, it presents an ideal opportunity to promote the restructuring of the hosting urban space. However, the success of both the organization and the city that hosts the cultural event depends on the residents’ commitment towards it, the consistency of the tourism attractions and activities supplied, and the capacity of anticipating and monitoring the evolution of tourists’ preferences. The present study aims to assess the intention to participate and the impacts perceived by residents of Guimarães from hosting one of the 2012 European Capitals of Culture (2012 ECOC) in the ex-ante period (2011). Through a convenience sample of 471 usable surveys applied to the local population, conducted between October and December 2011, we tried to identify some of these potential impacts. According to the results received, 40% of residents had a low or very low knowledge of the cultural program, although only 11% demonstrated no intention of attending any activity during the event. The comparison of the mean scores of the expected 2012 ECOC impacts by gender reveals that the most valued and least valued factors are common to female and male respondents. With regard to the differences between those that intended to attend the event and the ones that did not, expected participants rated positive and negative impact factors more than did the ones that did not intend to attend.

Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

Residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega‐event. So, it was not surprising that the nomination of Guimarães, Portugal, as the 2012 European Capital of Culture (2012 ECOC) had raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio‐economic and cultural benefits. The present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of hosting the 2012 ECOC approached in two different time schedules, the pre‐ and the post‐event, trying to capture the evolution of the residents` evaluation of its impacts. For getting the data, two surveys were applied to Guimarães` residents, one in the pre‐event phase, in 2011, and another in the post‐event phase, in 2013. This approach is uncommonly applied to Portugal data and it is even the first time it was done to a Portuguese European Capital of Culture. After a factor analysis, the results of t‐tests indicate that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the samples from the pre‐ and post‐2012 ECOC on two positive impact factors (Community’ benefits and Residents’ benefits) and one negative impact factor (Economic, social and environmental costs). Respondents also showed a negative perception of the impacts in all dimensions, except Changes in habits of Guimarães residents.

Ex-ante evaluation by the media of the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture

The nomination of Guimarães to host the 2012 European Capital of Culture (ECC) has put on the agenda of the city the need of measuring the effects that the implementation of this mega event could have in it and in the municipality a whole. The balance of the benefits and costs and an extended community involvement tend to reduce negative impacts and enhance positive ones. This chapter analyzes the involvement of population and local associations in the planning and organization of the 2012 Guimarães European Capital of Culture, using the coverage made during 2011 by local and national press of the mega event. A content analysis of the news published covering the period between January and December 2011 and using three newspapers was conducted. From those, two were local and weekly newspapers and one was a national daily one. Looking to data results, it can be concluded that it was poor the community involvement and, also, the one of the cultural associations in the organizations of the 2012 ECC. A strong negative reaction to the model choose to plan the mega event conducted by official organizers was found, which has cast doubts on the desirable participation of the residents and, consequently, on the success of the mega event, especially in a perspective of a medium and long term effects.

Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

The nomination of Guimarães, a small city located in the northwest of Portugal, as European capital of culture (ECOC) in 2012 raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio-economic and cultural benefits. As noted by various authors, namely Kim and Petrick (2005), Kim, Gursoy and Lee (2006) and Gursoy, Chi, Ai and Chen (2011), residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega-event, although they tend to recognize that some costs will result from it. Therefore, the present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of the 2012 European capital of culture (2012 ECOC) on the city and the municipality of Guimarães before and after the mega-event and the differences found between the two time periods.