Vortex state and effect of anisotropy in sub-100 nm magnetic nanodots

Magnetic properties of Fe nanodots are simulated using a scaling technique and Monte Carlo method, in good agreement with experimental results. For the 20-nm-thick dots with diameters larger than 60¿nm, the magnetization reversal via vortex state is observed. The role of magnetic interaction between dots in arrays in the reversal process is studied as a function of nanometric center-to-center distance. When this distance is more than twice the dot diameter, the interaction can be neglected and the magnetic properties of the entire array are determined by the magnetic configuration of the individual dots. The effect of crystalline anisotropy on the vortex state is investigated. For arrays of noninteracting dots, the anisotropy strongly affects the vortex nucleation field and coercivity, and only slightly affects the vortex annihilation field

ELEMENTOS-TRAÇO EM ÁREAS DE VEGETAÇÃO NATIVA E AGRICULTURA INTENSIVA DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DETERMINADOS POR FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS-X POR REFLEXÃO TOTAL

A espectroscopia de raios-X por reflexão total (TXRF) é uma técnica promissora para análise de elementos-traço (ETs), principalmente por não ser necessária a digestão das amostras, reduzindo assim a geração de resíduos e emissão de vapores tóxicos. Este trabalho comparou os teores dos ETs: Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, As, Se, Hg e Pb, coletados em solos de área de agricultura intensiva e vegetação nativa, determinados por TXRF e por espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama ou forno de grafite (FAAS/GFAAS). Adicionalmente, compararam-se os teores dos ET com valores de referência para solos não contaminados. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na profundidade 0,0-0,2 m em municípios representativos de cada região agrícola do Estado de Mato Grosso (Rondonópolis, Alto Garça, Primavera do Leste, Campo Novo, Nova Mutum, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso, Sinop, Campo Novo dos Parecis, Campos de Julho e Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade). Em cada município, foram selecionadas seis áreas, totalizando 72 amostras, todas georreferenciadas. Para a leitura dos teores de ET no aparelho de TXRF S2 Picofox™, foram preparadas suspensões de solo usando Triton X-100 a 5 % v/v utilizando gálio como padrão interno, enquanto no FAAS/GFAAS as amostras foram submetidas à digestão ácida pelo método 3051A. Considerando área cultivada e área nativa, respectivamente, os teores médios dos ET por TXRF, em mg kg-1, foram: Cr, 69 e 62; Zn, 16 e 8; Pb, 28 e 21; Mn, 56 e 42; As, 2 e 2; Cu, 9 e 8; e Ni, 2 e 2. O Cd, Se e Hg não foram detectados por TXRF nas amostras analisadas. Para As, Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu e Pb, houve correlação linear (p<0,001) positiva entre as técnicas e, no geral, os teores obtidos para esses ET em TXRF foram superiores aos do FAAS/GFAAS. Os teores de todos os elementos detectados pelo TXRF, exceto o Cr, estão dentro das faixas dos relatados para solos não contaminados e muito inferiores aos limites de alerta estipulados na literatura.

Origin of siderite mineralisation in Petrova and Trgovska Gora Mts., NW Dinarides

The Petrova and Trgovska Gora Mts. (Gora=Mountain) are Variscan basement units incorporated into the northwestern Dinarides during the Alpine orogeny. They host numerous siderite-quartz-polysulphide, siderite-chalcopyrite, siderite-galena and barite veins, as well as stratabound hydrothermal-replacement ankerite bodies within carbonates in non-metamorphosed, flysch-like Permo-Carboniferous sequences. The deposits have been mined for Cu, Pb, Ag and Fe ores since Medieval times. Fluid inclusion studies of quartz from siderite-polysulphide-quartz and barite veins of both regions have shown the presence of primary aqueous NaCl-CaCl(2)+/- MgCl(2)-H(2)O +/- CO(2) inclusions. The quartz-sulphide stage of both regions show variable salinities; 2.7-26.2 wt% NaCl eq. for the Trgovska Gora region and 3.4-23.4 wt% NaCl eq. for the Petrova gora region, and similar homogenisation temperatures (100-230A degrees C). Finally, barite is precipitated from low salinity-low temperature solutions (3.7-15.8 wt % NaCl equ. and 115-145A degrees C). P-t conditions estimated via isochore construction yield formation temperatures between 180-250A degrees C for the quartz-sulphide stage and 160-180A degrees C for the barite stage, using a maximum lithostatic pressure of 1 kbar (cc. 3 km of overburden). The sulphur isotope composition of barite from both deposits indicates the involvement of Permian seawater in ore fluids. This is supported by the elevated bromium content of the fluid inclusion leachates (120-660 ppm in quartz, 420-960 ppm in barite) with respect to the seawater, indicating evaporated seawater as the major portion of the ore-forming fluids. Variable sulphur isotope compositions of galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite, between -3.2 and +2.7aEuro degrees, are interpreted as a product of incomplete thermal reduction of the Permian marine sulphate mixed with organically- and pyrite-bound sulphur from the host sedimentary rocks. Ore-forming fluids are interpreted as deep-circulating fluids derived primarily from evaporated Permian seawater and later modified by interaction with the Variscan basement rocks. (40)Ar/(39)Ar data of the detrital mica from the host rocks yielded the Variscan age overprinted by an Early Permian tectonothermal event dated at 266-274 Ma. These ages are interpreted as those reflecting hydrothermal activity correlated with an incipient intracontinental rifting in the Tethyan domain. Nevertheless, 75 Ma recorded at a fine-grained sericite sample from the alteration zone is interpreted as a result of later resetting of white mica during Campanian opening/closure of the Sava back arc in the neighbouring Sava suture zone (Ustaszewski et al. 2008).

Hepatitis G virus infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome: analysis in a series of 100 patients.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in a large cohort of patients with primary Sjögren¿s syndrome (SS). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 100 consecutive patients (92 female and eight male), with a mean age of 62 years (range 31¿80) that were prospectively visited in our unit. All patients fulfilled the European Community criteria for SS and underwent a complete history, physical examination, as well as biochemical and immunological evaluation for liver disease. Two hundred volunteer blood donors were also studied. The presence of HGV-RNA was investigated in the serum of all patients and donors. Aditionally, HBsAg and antibodies to hepatitis C virus were determined. RESULTS Four patients (4%) and six volunteer blood donors (3%) presented HGV-RNA sequences in serum. HGV infection was associated with biochemical signs of liver involvement in two (50%) patients. When compared with primary SS patients without HGV infection, no significant differences were found in terms of clinical or immunological features. HCV coinfection occurs in one (25%) of the four patients with HGV infection. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HGV infection in patients with primary SS is low in the geographical area of the study and HCV coinfection is very uncommon. HGV infection alone does not seen to be an important cause of chronic liver injury in the patients with primary SS in this area.

Bioavailability of repeated oral administration of MDL 100,240, a dual inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase in healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND: MDL 100,240 (pyrido[2,1-a] [2]benzazepine-4-carboxylic acid,7-[[2-(acetylthio)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1,2,3,4,6,7,8, 12b-octahydro-6-oxo, [4S-[4alpha,7alpha(R(*)),12bbeta]]-) is a molecule possessing an inhibiting ability on both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase, the enzyme responsible for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) degradation. Such a dual mechanism of action presents a potential clinical interest for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the bioavailability of MDL 100,240 and its accumulation over repeated oral administration, using ACE inhibition as a surrogate for plasma drug level and determining its profile after oral and i.v. administration. METHODS: First, in an open, one-period, single-dose study, the ACE inhibition profile was characterised following a 12.5 mg MDL 100,240 i.v. infusion. Second, in a three-group, parallel, randomised, double-blind study, each group of four subjects received q.d., over 8 days, 2.5, 10 or 20 mg of MDL 100,240 orally. The ACE inhibition profile was determined on day 1 and day 8. Trough plasma ACE was measured on days 2, 3 and 4. The recovery of ACE activity was monitored up to 72 h after the last dose of MDL 100,240. RESULTS: ACE inhibition profile was similar on day 1 and day 8, and trough inhibition remained unchanged after the 8 days of treatment with 10 mg or 20 mg. Following repeated 2.5-mg ingestion, trough inhibition increased from 33% to 44% after the eighth dose. The oral bioavailability of MDL 100,240 was estimated at 85%, not statistically different from 100%. The accumulation ratio at steady state was estimated at 112%. Expressing the accumulation ratio in terms of half-life, a t(1/2) of 0.31 days or 7. 5 h was estimated. CONCLUSION: MDL 100,240 (oral solution) has a good bioavailability, as estimated by ACE inhibition, and no drug accumulation seems to occur over 8 days with the 10-mg and 20-mg doses, but a slight rise in the trough level is observed with the 2. 5-mg dose.

Nanometer-scale oxidation of Si(100) surfaces by tapping mode atomic force microscopy

The nanometer¿scale oxidation of Si(100) surfaces in air is performed with an atomic force microscope working in tapping mode. Applying a positive voltage to the sample with respect to the tip, two kinds of modifications are induced on the sample: grown silicon oxide mounds less than 5 nm high and mounds higher than 10 nm (which are assumed to be gold depositions). The threshold voltage necessary to produce the modification is studied as a function of the average tip¿to¿sample distance.

Surface structure and stability of PdZn and PtZn alloys: Density-functional slab model studies

Geometric parameters of binary (1:1) PdZn and PtZn alloys with CuAu-L10 structure were calculated with a density functional method. Based on the total energies, the alloys are predicted to feature equal formation energies. Calculated surface energies of PdZn and PtZn alloys show that (111) and (100) surfaces exposing stoichiometric layers are more stable than (001) and (110) surfaces comprising alternating Pd (Pt) and Zn layers. The surface energy values of alloys lie between the surface energies of the individual components, but they differ from their composition weighted averages. Compared with the pure metals, the valence d-band widths and the Pd or Pt partial densities of states at the Fermi level are dramatically reduced in PdZn and PtZn alloys. The local valence d-band density of states of Pd and Pt in the alloys resemble that of metallic Cu, suggesting that a similar catalytic performance of these systems can be related to this similarity in the local electronic structures.

La mania de les llistes: 100 biblioteques digitals i 'recol·lectors' de llibres electrònics

Selecció personal de 100 projectes de digitalització internacionals i locals actualment en funcionament. La tria s'ha fet seguint l'interès que poden tenir les obres incloses i en altres ocasions pels serveis, les eines i les aplicacions diferents que s'hi proposen. La major part dels recursos tenen com a objectiu oferir una còpia digital de llibres però també s'hi inclouen altres tipologies documentals: publicacions periòdiques, tesis, literatura grisa, fotografies, gravats, enregistraments sonors¿ Hi abunden els projectes fets per les biblioteques nacionals i universitàries, els projectes comercials més representatius i les col·leccions col·laboratives. Una tipologia a destacar és la de les plataformes que pretenen recuperar i difondre una cultura o una llengua. La llista inclou preferentment projectes de biblioteques digitals amb obres de domini públic, les obres de les quals es poden descarregar i imprimir; també hi són inclosos però materials de pagament. L'ordenació de la selecció està presentada alfabèticament.

La manía de las listas: 100 bibliotecas digitales y 'recolectores' de libros electrónicos

Selección personal de 100 proyectos de digitalización internacionales y locales actualmente en funcionamiento. La elección se ha hecho siguiendo el interés que pueden tener las obras incluidas y en otras ocasiones por los servicios, las herramientas y las aplicaciones diferentes que se proponen. La mayor parte de los recursos tienen como objetivo ofrecer una copia digital de libros pero también se incluyen otras tipologías documentales: publicaciones periódicas, tesis, literatura gris, fotografías, grabados, grabaciones sonoras... Abundan los proyectos realizados por las bibliotecas nacionales y universitarias, los proyectos comerciales más representativos y las colecciones colaborativas. Una tipología a destacar es la de las plataformas que pretenden recuperar y difundir una cultura o una lengua. La lista incluye preferentemente proyectos de bibliotecas digitales con obras de dominio público, las obras de las que se pueden descargar e imprimir, también están incluidos pero materiales de pago. La ordenación de la selección está presentada alfabéticamente.

Heterogeneity of t(4;14) in multiple myeloma. Long-term follow-up of 100 cases treated with tandem transplantation in IFM99 trials.

One hundred de novo multiple myeloma patients with t(4;14) treated with double intensive therapy according to IFM99 protocols were retrospectively analyzed. The median overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 41.4 and 21 months, respectively, as compared to 65 and 37 for patients included in the IFM99 trials without t(4;14) (P<10(-7)). We identified a subgroup of patients presenting at diagnosis with both low beta(2)-microglobulin <4 mg/l and high hemoglobin (Hb) >/=10 g/l (46% of the cases) with a median OS of 54.6 months and a median EFS of 26 months, respectively, which benefits from high-dose therapy (HDT); conversely patients with one or both adverse prognostic factor (high beta(2)-microglobulin and/or low Hb) had a poor outcome. The achievement of either complete response or very good partial response after HDT was also a powerful independent prognostic factor for both OS and EFS.