Imagem por ressonância magnética das articulações temporomandibulares: avaliação da confiabilidade e da validade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

PROJECTIONS OF HYPERSURFACES IN R-4 WITH BOUNDARY TO PLANES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of coronal leakage on concentration of hydrogen ions and calcium hydroxide release of several calcium hydroxide pastes over different periods of time

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of coronal leakage on concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) and calcium release of several calcium hydroxide pastes, over different periods of time. Material and Methods: Fifty extracted human mandibular central incisors (n=10) were instrumented up to the F2 instrument and assigned to the following intracanal dressing: G1- Calen, G2- Calen with 0.4% chlorhexidine (CHX), G3- Calcium hydroxide with camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CPMC) and glycerin, G4- Calen, but temporary filling material maintained during all test (positive control) and G5- Root canal without intracanal dressing (negative control). All groups were immersed in distilled water for 7 days. In sequence, the temporary filling materials were removed, except in controls groups. All specimens were individually mounted on a specific device and only its root again immersed in distilled water. Concentration of hydrogen ions and calcium release by calcium hydroxide pastes in distilled water were evaluated in 24h, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results were submitted to ANOVA test (p = 0.05). After 28 days, root canals from experimental groups were examined in SEM. Results: G1, G2, G3 and G4 presented similar pH values and calcium release and did not differ from each other (p>0.05), up to 7 days. After this time G1, G2 and G3 presented values lower values than G4 (p<0.05). In SEM analysis, calcium hydroxide residues were observed in all experimental groups. Conclusions: After 7 days, coronal leakage decreased the concentration of hydrogen ions and calcium ion release provided by all calcium hydroxide pastes.

Comparative analysis of three rotary instruments used for coronal pre-enlargement in radicular dentin thickness and root canal area of mandibular molars

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the increase of the cervical area and dentin thickness in mesial and distal walls of the mesial canals from mandibular molars after the use of LA Axxess (LA), CP Drill (CP) and Gates-Glidden (GG) rotary instruments. Material and Methods: Sixty root canals from thirty mandibular first molar were sectioned 3 mm below the cement-enamel junction, divided in 3 groups (n = 20 root canals, each) according to rotary instrument used, and the cervical images were captured before and after pre-enlargement instrumentation. The increase of the instrumented cervical area (mm2) and the dentin removal thickness (mm), at mesial and distal walls were calculated using Image tools software, by comparison of images. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (p=0.05). Results: All rotary instruments promoted thickness reduction in dentin walls. In mesial wall, all rotary instruments promoted similar thickness reduction of dentinal wall and did not differ from each other (p>0.05). In distal wall, LA Axxess instrument promoted higher dentin thickness reduction than other groups (p<0.05). The three rotary instruments promoted different increase at the instrumented cervical area (p<0.05), LA promoted the highest increase area and GG and CP presented similar results. Conclusion: LA 20/0.06 promoted the highest thickness reduction in distal wall and increase of cervical area of root canal. On the other hand, CP was the safest instrument, with lower dentin removal of distal wall and similar increased area to GG.

A NOTE ON OPEN 3-MANIFOLDS SUPPORTING FOLIATIONS BY PLANES

We show that if N, an open connected n-manifold with finitely generated fundamental group, is C-2 foliated by closed planes, then pi(1)(N) is a free group. This implies that if pi(1)(N) has an abelian subgroup of rank greater than one, then F has at least a nonclosed leaf. Next, we show that if N is three dimensional with fundamental group abelian of rank greater than one, then N is homeomorphic to T-2 x R. Furthermore, in this case we give a complete description of the foliation.

Delineation of vertebral area on the coronal plane using three-dimensional ultrasonography advanced volume contrast imaging (VCI) Omni view: intrarater reliability and agreement using standard mouse, high definition mouse, and pen-tablet

Objective: To assess the fetal lumbosacral spine by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using volume contrast imaging (VCI) omni view method and compare reproducibility and agreement between three different measurement techniques: standard mouse, high definition mouse and pen-tablet. Methods: A comparative and prospective study with 40 pregnant women between 20 and 34+6 weeks was realized. 3D volume datasets of the fetal spine were acquired using a convex transabdominal transducer. Starting scan plane was the coronal section of fetal lumbosacral spine by VCI-C function. Omni view manual trace was selected and a parallel plane of fetal spine was drawn including interest region. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for reproducibility analysis. The relative difference between three used techniques was compared by chi-square test and Fischer test. Results: Pen-tablet showed better reliability (ICC = 0.987). In the relative proportion of differences, this was significantly higher for the pen-tablet (82.14%; p < 0.01). In paired comparison, the relative difference was significantly greater for the pen-tablet (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The pen-tablet showed to be the most reproductive and concordant method in the measurement of body vertebral area of fetal lumbosacral spine by 3D ultrasonography using the VCI.

Projections of hypersurfaces in 'R POT.4' with boundary to planes

We study orthogonal projections of generic embedded hypersurfaces in 'R POT.4' with boundary to 2-spaces. Therefore, we classify simple map germs from 'R POT.3' to the plane of codimension less than or equal to 4 with the source containing a distinguished plane which is preserved by coordinate changes. We also go into some detail on their geometrical properties in order to recognize the cases of codimension less than or equal to 1.

The coronal heating problem

The heating of the solar corona has been investigated during four of decades and several mechanisms able to produce heating have been proposed. It has until now not been possible to produce quantitative estimates that would establish any of these heating mechanism as the most important in the solar corona. In order to investigate which heating mechanism is the most important, a more detailed approach is needed. In this thesis, the heating problem is approached ”ab initio”, using well observed facts and including realistic physics in a 3D magneto-hydrodynamic simulation of a small part of the solar atmosphere. The ”engine” of the heating mechanism is the solar photospheric velocity field, that braids the magnetic field into a configuration where energy has to be dissipated. The initial magnetic field is taken from an observation of a typical magnetic active region scaled down to fit inside the computational domain. The driving velocity field is generated by an algorithm that reproduces the statistical and geometrical fingerprints of solar granulation. Using a standard model atmosphere as the thermal initial condition, the simulation goes through a short startup phase, where the initial thermal stratification is quickly forgotten, after which the simulation stabilizes in statistical equilibrium. In this state, the magnetic field is able to dissipate the same amount of energy as is estimated to be lost through radiation, which is the main energy loss mechanism in the solar corona. The simulation produces heating that is intermittent on the smallest resolved scales and hot loops similar to those observed through narrow band filters in the ultra violet. Other observed characteristics of the heating are reproduced, as well as a coronal temperature of roughly one million K. Because of the ab initio approach, the amount of heating produced in these simulations represents a lower limit to coronal heating and the conclusion is that such heating of the corona is unavoidable.

La redacción de avances de planes de manejo, para los parques temáticos ambientales

Se presenta un modelo estándar de Plan de Manejo de un territorio, con una vocación de destino y un destino de uso de Parque Temático Ambiental, que permite cuantificar logros y blindajes de calidades, en porcentajes. Se entiende por Parque Temático Ambiental un marco geográfico, que rebasa una superficie determinada, con unos límites trazados según criterios geográficos y/o invariantes, y en donde sus contenidos traducen interacciones significativas entre el Hombre y la Naturaleza. El Plan de Manejo se centra en la conservación, rehabilitación, restauración, reconversión y protección de los legados de interés de las interacciones en cuestión, y en el uso de tales activos como recursos de ocio y de aprendizaje sobre el Ambiente (formación y/o educación ambiental). Para desarrollar el Plan de Manejo, se opta, como metodología, el Análisis DAFO Compacto, Cuantitativo y Contrastable y, como herramientas, un árbol genérico de objetivos del Campo de Aplicación de los Parques Temáticos Ambientales (con niveles de diagnóstico de situación, estrategias, metas y fin, y operativo para el lugar con la incorporación de aquellos objetivos de su árbol específico, que no se encontraran ya recogidos en el general), y las matrices de un Marco Lógico de los objetivos involucrados. Se enuncian las Reglas de Aplicación de esta versión de Análisis DAFO Cuantitativo Contrastable: Las Reglas Generales (referentes a los coeficientes de importancia, espaciales, temporales y de probabilidad de presentación). Y las Reglas Procedimentales (en relación con la utilización de los Descriptores de Medición (diseñados y desarrollados con criterios de valoración definidos objetivamente y formulados de forma clara, concisa y universalista). Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicación de todos y cada uno de los Descriptores DAFO a un territorio (respecto al uso del mismo como Parque Temático Ambiental), posibilitan establecer secuencias de calidades óptimas (las que se conseguirían con la mejor de las gestiones), de calidades actuales (de las situaciones imperantes en el momento del Análisis) y de desvíos de calidad (calidades óptimas menos calidades actuales). Estas mediciones: Por una parte, dan los criterios para calificar la vocación de destino y el destino de uso (actual y potencial) de un territorio como Parque Temático Ambiental. Y, por otra, posibilitan calcular los porcentajes de logros que se alcanzarían con las eliminaciones de los desvíos de calidad. Se formula un protocolo de redacción de un Plan de Manejo, conforme con la metodología y herramientas asumidas, y calibrado con su aplicación a un caso real. Las propuestas y los planteamientos (con sus acciones específicas) de los diferentes proyectos del Plan de Manejo, se encuentran estructurados por itinerarios de objetivos (del árbol genérico), y alimentados por los desarrollos de las matrices de un Marco Lógico (de los objetivos involucrados en cada itinerario). El cronograma de actuaciones (en su conjunto y por partes) se deriva también de las temporalizaciones que impone el desarrollo del Marco Lógico. Los logros y las calidades blindadas se obtienen conforme con las correspondencias entre desvíos de calidad, cuantificadas con la DAFO, y actuaciones planificadas. Se verifica la viabilidad de esta forma de redactar Planes de Manejo con ejemplos de casos reales. La metodología y las herramientas empleadas (con las adecuadas modificaciones) son susceptibles de extrapolar a otros campos de aplicación de un territorio (como se ha demostrado).

Planificación y diagnóstico de base de las playas no vírgenes de "sol y baño" (Tópicos actualizados a 2014 para redactar planes de manejo). Aplicación al caso de la Playa de Las Canteras (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)

[ES]Respecto a la gestión de las playas de sol y baño, se presentan 4 bloques de prácticas con sus soportes teóricos, que se denominan, por sus alcances conceptuales y procedimentales: cálculo de calidades DAFO cuantitativas y contrastables para un campo de aplicación dado en la Ordenación del Territorio (imprescindible en un diagnóstico ambiental de situación), evaluación de impactos ambientales heredados como parte del diagnóstico ambiental de situación, redacción de proyectos, propuestas y planteamientos (con sus acciones específicas), en relación con la Ordenación del Territorio, y puesta en valor de proyectos de Ordenación del Territorio (cualificación, cuantificación, catalogación y clasificación). Cada uno de los bloques de prácticas contiene: una base teórica, una batería de enunciados de ejercicios, y sus correspondientes soluciones. Los casos prácticos presentados satisfacen a las tareas propias de los gestores de un territorio y, en particular, se ajustan a las competencias profesionales asignadas a la materia de Planificación y Gestión del Litoral de grado de la ULPGC, generados a partir de los objetivos establecidos y que se alcanzan a través de los contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales, de una Ordenación del Territorio.