Nd : YAG ceramic laser obtained high slope-efficiency of 62% in high power applications

By using quite uniformly nine-stacks side-around arranged compact pumping system, a high power Nd:YAG ceramic quasi-CW laser with high slope efficiency of 62% has been demonstrated. With 450 W quasi-CW stacked laser diode bars pumping at 808 nm, performance of the Nd: YAG ceramic laser with different output coupling mirrors has been investigated. Optimum output power of 236 W at 1064 nm was obtained and corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was as high as 52.5%. The laser system operated quite stably and no saturation phenomena have been observed, which means higher output laser power could be obtained if injecting higher pumping power. The still-evolving Nd: YAG ceramics are potential super excellent media for high power practical laser applications. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

Efficient excitations of radially and azimuthally polarized Nd 3+:YAG ceramic microchip laser by use of subwavelength multilayer concentric gratings composed of Nb2O5/SiO2

Cylindrical vector beams were produced from laser diode end-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic microchip laser by use of two types of subwavelength multilayer gratings as the axisymmetric-polarization output couplers respectively. The grating mirrors are composed of high- and low-refractive-index (Nb2O5/SiO2) layers alternately while each layer is shaped into triangle and concentric corrugations. For radially polarized laser output, the beam power reached 610mW with a polarization extinction ratio ( PER) of 61: 1 and a slope efficiency of 68.2%; for azimuthally polarized laser output, the beam power reached 626mW with a PER of 58: 1 and a slope efficiency of 47.6%. In both cases, the laser beams had near-diffraction limited quality. Small differences of beam power, PER and slope efficiency between radially and azimuthally polarized laser outputs were not critical, and could be minimized by further optimized adjustment to laser cavity and the reflectances of respective grating mirrors. The results manifested, by use of the photonic crystal gratings mirrors and end-pumped microchip laser configuration, CVBs can be generated efficiently with high modal symmetry and polarization purity. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.

Growth, characterization and optical quality of CaF2 single crystals grown by the temperature gradient technique

The CaF2 single crystals with diameters up to 200 mm were successfully grown by modified temperature gradient technique (TGT), which are suitable for application as optical elements in the ultraviolet range. The optimizations of various growth parameters were systematically studied. Properties of as-grown CaF2 crystals were characterized by the nature of inclusions, dislocations, crystallinity, and impurities contents. The results showed that the dislocations and multinucleation were mostly constrained in the conical part of the crystals with the cylindrical parts having the best crystalline quality and lowest impurity contents. The high optical quality of TGT-grown CaF2 single crystals was also confirmed to have excellent optical transmission in 190-2500 nm and refractive index homogeneity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

O grotesco na cena da dança contemporânea: corpo e comunicação

A presente dissertação se dedica a refletir sobre o corpo e o grotesco na arte e na comunicação contemporâneas. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o grotesco na cena da dança contemporânea com o intuito de compreender como se dá a relação entre o modo de apreensão do grotesco na atualidade e o modo como ele se apresenta cenicamente. Assim, procurou-se investigar que representações da cultura contemporânea podem estar associadas às manifestações do fenômeno grotesco; como a mídia e o consumo de massa participam na disseminação desta estética; e como o corpo cênico na dança se aproxima/reflete estas representações presentes no cotidiano. O fenômeno grotesco, objeto de estudo desta pesquisa, foi investigado em duas companhias de dança: a Lia Rodrigues Companhia de Danças (RJ) e o Grupo Cena 11 de Dança (SC), onde foram observados o tratamento artístico e os dispositivos utilizados para construção do efeito corpo-grotesco nos espetáculos e o posicionamento dos artistas com o uso da estética grotesca nas obras. O embasamento teórico do estudo investiu na compreensão do fenômeno grotesco nos âmbitos histórico, estético/artístico e social e sua contextualização na contemporaneidade. Partiu-se do entendimento de que o corpo é mídia primária, "espaço" de comunicação e de linguagem e a dança cênica é um fenômeno urbano, que espelha as transformações representacionais do início deste século XXI. As abordagens teóricas de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre o realismo grotesco; de Wolfgang Kayser, sobre o grotesco romântico e os estudos de Muniz Sodré e Raquel Paiva, sobre o grotesco na comunicação contemporânea fundamentaram as discussões. Foi relevante refletir sobre as mudanças de paradigmas sociais que vêm se desenhando na atualidade, sobretudo com a influência do desenvolvimento tecnológico e midiático sobre as corporeidades e os processos de subjetivação. As qualidades fluidas e polifônicas associadas à contemporaneidade nortearam o entendimento desses novos paradigmas estéticos do corpo - atribuídos como corporeidades móveis contemporâneas - e, serviram para denominar/compreender como "grotesco líquido" a presença múltipla e volátil dos fenômenos grotescos na atualidade.

铝酸钇晶体中的生长小面

采用提拉法生长了掺Ce、掺Yb和掺Mn的铝酸钇(YAlO3,YAP)晶体,晶体均完整透明,无肉眼可见的气泡、散射和包裹物等宏观缺陷。通过化学腐蚀和同步辐射白光形貌实验检测了YAP晶体中的生长小面缺陷。结果表明:晶体生长过程中,由于凸向熔体的固-液界面,造成了小面生长现象。沿[101]方向生长的YAP晶体中出现的小面为(102),(201),(121)和(121)奇异面。X射线摇摆曲线表征的结果表明:生长小面的存在严重破坏了晶体的微观结构完整性和均匀性,并导致了小角度晶界缺陷的产生。

Generation of 210 fs laser pulses at 1093 nm by a self-starting mode-locked Yb:GYSO laser

We report the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of the femtosecond laser operation by using a new alloyed Yb:GYSO crystal as the gain medium. With a 5 at. % Yb3+-doped sample and chirped mirrors for dispersion compensation, we obtained pulses as short as 210 fs at the center wavelength of 1093 nm. The average mode-locking power is 300 mW, and the pulse repetition frequency is 80 MHz. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Newly designed multilayer thin film mirror for dispersion compensation in Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers

There are two different effects to generate group delay dispersion by multilayer thin film mirrors: chirper effect and Gires-Tournois effect. Both effects are employed to introduce desired dispersion in the designed mirror. Thus the designed mirror provides large dispersion throughout broad waveband. Such mirror can be used for dispersion compensation in Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers. Most group delay dispersion of a 5-mm Ti:sapphire crystal can be compensated perfectly with only four bounces of the designed mirror.

飞秒脉冲激光器中色散补偿膜的设计

阐述了用光学薄膜进行色散补偿的基本原理，介绍了设计的基本过程．根据Ti：Sapphire飞秒激光器中腔内色散补偿的要求，设定了色散补偿目标，通过计算机优化，得到了一种40层的Ta2O5／SiO2介质膜系．该膜系能在720～870am范围获得大于99．5％的反射率，在510～550nm获得大于90％的透射率，在740～850nm提供较平滑的-40fs^2的群延迟色散．这样的结果经过7次反射后，可以补偿5-mm Ti：sapphire晶体产生的绝大部分群延迟色散。

Laser conditioning of ZrO2 : Y2O3/SiO2 mirror coatings prepared by E-beam evaporation

Laser conditioning effects of the dielectric mirror coatings with different designs were investigated. Simple quarter-wave ZrO2:Y2O3/SiO2 mirrors and half-wave SiO2 over-coated ZrO2:Y2O3/SiO2 mirror coatings were fabricated by E-beam evaporation (EBE). The absorbance of the samples before and after laser conditioning was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technology and the defects density was detected under Nomarski microscope. The enhancement of the laser damage resistance was found after laser conditioning. The dependence of the laser conditioning on the coating design was also observed and the over-coated sample obtained greatest enhancement, whereas the absorbance of the samples did not change obviously. During the sub-threshold fluence raster scanning, the minor damage about defects size was found and the assumption of pre-damage mechanism, based on the functional damage concept, was put forward. The improvement of the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) was attributed to the benign damage of the defects and the dependence on the coating design owed to the damage growth behavior of different coating designs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design of anisotropic reflector with birefringent thin films

A novel design for dielectric anisotropic mirrors with birefringent thin films for normal incidence is presented. This mirror consists of a stack of quarter-wave biaxial layers. The biaxial anisotropic layers can be fabricated by oblique deposition. The reflectance is different for two linear polarizations of light incidence on the mirrors. As a numerical example, the design is carried out on glass with TiO2 and ZrO2. These thin films could be applied to anisotropic reflective devices for lasers.

Propagation properties of a hard-edged diffracted beam generated by a Gaussian mirror resonator

Based on the scalar diffraction theory, the propagation and focusing properties of a hard-edged diffracted beam generated by a Gaussian mirror resonator were investigated. Explicit expressions for the field distribution of the truncated beam that propagates through a paraxial optical ABCD system were derived in detail. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our analytical results. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

多层介质膜光栅和介质膜反射镜抗激光损伤阈值研究

对多层介质膜光栅以及介质膜反射镜的激光损伤阈值进行了系统的研究。测试方法采用国际测试标准。测试结果表明，介质光栅的损伤阈值远低于未刻蚀的多层介质膜。对样品损伤形貌的扫描电镜照片分析发现，相比于未刻蚀的多层介质膜，介质膜光栅的初始损伤主要发生在光栅槽形的侧壁，且损伤主要是由驻波场的空间分布引起的本征吸收、制备过程中引入的杂质污染以及刻蚀过程中HfO2的化学计量机失衡引起的。

退火对电子束热蒸发193nm Al2O3/MgF2反射膜性能的影响

设计并镀制了193nm Al2O3/MgF2反射膜,对它们在空气中分别进行了250-400℃的高温退火,测量了样品的透射率光谱曲线和绝对反射率光谱曲线.发现样品在高反射区的总的光学损耗随退火温度的升高而下降,而后趋于饱和.采用总积分散射的方法对样品在不同退火温度下的散射损耗进行了分析,发现随着退火温度的升高散射损耗有所增加.因此,总的光学损耗的下降是由于吸收损耗而不是散射损耗起主导作用.对Al2O3材料的单层膜进行了同等条件的退火处理,由它们光学性能的变化推导出它们的折射率和消光系数的变化,从而解释了相应

钛宝石激光器中用优化Gires-Tournois镜产生15fs脉冲

根据飞秒脉冲锁模钛宝石激光器脉冲压缩的要求，介绍了负色散镜补偿色散的基本原理及其特点。详细阐述了优化Gires-Tournois(OG-T)镜的设计过程，并通过计算机优化得到理想设计膜系。采用离子束溅射的方法镀制了优化Gires—Tournois镜。测量了优化Gires-Tournois镜(编号为OGT#1)的透射率和群延迟色散，并与设计值进行了比较，分析了实测值产生偏差的原因，从而对镀膜参量进行了相应的调整，制造了第二批优化Gires—Tournois镜(编号为OGT#2)。将优化Gires—Tourn

Investigation on the properties of high reflective mirror prepared by ion-beam sputtering

The single-sided and dual-sided high reflective mirrors were deposited with ion-beam sputtering (IBS). When the incident light entered with 45 degrees, the reflectance of p-polarized light at 1064 nm exceeded 99.5%. Spectrum was gained by spectrometer and weak absorption of coatings was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technique. Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was determined and the damage morphology was observed with Lecia-DMRXE microscope simultaneously. The profile of coatings was measured with Mark III-GPI digital interferometer. It was found that the reflectivity of mirror exceeded 99.9% and its absorption was as low as 14 ppm. The reflective bandwidth of the dual-sided sample was about 43 nm wider than that of single-sided sample, and its LIDT was as high as 28 J/cm2, which was 5 J/cm2 higher than that of single-sided sample. Moreover, the profile of dual-sided sample was better than that of substrate without coatings.