Assessing the influence of mechanical ventilation on blood gases and blood pressure in rattlesnakes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The application of neural networks to the analysis of dissolved gases in insulating oil used in transformers

The state of insulating oils used in transformers is determined through the accomplishment of physical-chemical tests, which determine the state of the oil, as well as the chromatography test, which determines possible faults in the equipment. This article concentrate on determining, from a new methodology, a relationship among the variation of the indices obtained from the physical-chemical tests with those indices supplied by the chromatography tests.The determination of the relationship among the tests is accomplished through the application of neural networks. From the data obtained by physical-chemical tests, the network is capable to determine the relationship among the concentration of the main gases present in a certain sample, which were detected by the chromatography tests.More specifically, the proposed approach uses neural networks of perceptron type constituted of multiple layers. After the process of network training, it is possible to determine the existent relationship between the physical-chemical tests and the amount of gases present in the insulating oil.

Does occupational exposure to anesthetic gases lead to increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines?

There is great concern about the possible harmful effects of exposure to volatile anesthetics. The current study aimed at evaluating, for the first time, the effects of occupational exposure to anesthetic gases on physicians who work in operating rooms, by determining several inflammatory cytokines. Plasma inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, -6, -8, -10, -12, TNF-α) were investigated in 30 individuals who were allocated into two groups of 15: the exposed group, consisting of operating room medical personnel exposed to a mixture of anesthetic gases for 3 years, and a control group composed of medical personnel not exposed to anesthetic gases. The concentrations of volatile anesthetics were measured in the operating room by means of an infrared portable analyzer Our findings suggest an increase of the pro-inflammatory IL-8 (p < 0.05) in medical personnel exposed to high concentrations of anesthetic gases, even for a relatively short period.

Diretrizes de conduta e tratamento de síndromes febris periódicas associadas à criopirina (Criopirinopatias–CAPS)

To establish guidelines based on cientific evidences for the management of cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes. The Guideline was prepared from 4 clinical questions that were structured through Pico (Patient, Intervention or indicator, Comparison and Outcome), to search in key primary scientific information databases. After defining the potential studies to support the recommendations, these were graduated considering their strength of evidence and grade of recommendation. 1215 articles were retrieved and evaluated by title and abstract; from these, 42 articles were selected to support the recommendations. 1. The diagnosis of Caps is based on clinical history and clinical manifestations, and later confirmed by genetic study. Caps may manifest itself in three phenotypes: FCAS (mild form), MWS (intermediate form) and Cinca (severe form). Neurological, ophthalmic, otorhinolaryngological and radiological assessments may be highly valuable in distinguishing between syndromes; 2. The genetic diagnosis with NLRP3 gene analysis must be conducted in suspected cases of Caps, i.e., individuals presenting before 20 years of age, recurrent episodes of inflammation expressed by a mild fever and urticaria; 3. Laboratory abnormalities include leukocytosis and elevated serum levels of inflammatory proteins; 4. Targeted therapies directed against interleukin-1 lead to rapid remission of symptoms in most patients. However, there are important limitations on the long-term safety. None of the three anti-IL-1β inhibitors prevents progression of bone lesions.

Diretrizes de conduta e tratamento de síndromes febris periódicas: síndrome de febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite

To establish guidelines based on scientific evidence for the management of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. The Guideline was prepared from 5 clinical questions that were structured through PICO (Patient, Intervention or indicator, Comparison and Outcome), to search in key primary scientific information databases. After defining the potential studies to support the recommendations, these were graduated considering their strength of evidence and grade of recommendation. 806 articles were retrieved and evaluated by title and abstract; from these, 32 articles were selected to support the recommendations. 1. PFAPA is a diagnosis of exclusion established on clinical grounds, and one must suspect of this problem in children with recurrent and periodic febrile episodes of unknown origin, or with recurrent tonsillitis interspersed with asymptomatic periods, especially in children in good general condition and with preservation of weight and height development; 2. Laboratory findings are nonspecific. Additional tests do not reveal pathognomonic changes; 3. The evidence supporting an indication for surgical treatment (tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy), is based on two non-blinded randomized clinical trials with small numbers of patients; 4. The use of prednisone at the onset of fever in patients with PFAPA proved to be an effective strategy. There is still need for more qualified evidence to support its use in patients with PFAPA; 5. Despite promising results obtained in studies with IL-1ß inhibitors, such studies are limited to a few case reports.

Comparação termométrica entre preparos cavitários realizados com turbinas de alta-rotação e laser de Er:YAG

The aim of this study was to compare temperature increases produced by a well-known equipment, the high-speed handpieces, with a relatively new instrument, the Er:YAG laser (350 mJ/10 Hz). Thirty-five bovine mandibular incisors, which were reduced to an enamel/dentin thickness of 2,5 mm, were used. Cavity preparation was done till a depth of 2, 5 mm. A thermocouple was placed to read the temperature inside of the pulp chamber. Analysis was performed in these groups: I - high-speed handpiece without water-cooling (n=10); II - high-speed handpiece with water-cooling (n=10); III - Er:YAG laser without water-cooling (n=5); IV- Er:YAG laser with water-cooling (n=10) Group III had only 5 teeth because it was impossible to properly make the cavity preparations by the laser equipment without water cooling. The temperature increases were recorded in a computer linked to the thermocouples and the data of the groups I, II and IV were submitted to Dunn's multiple comparison test (p<0,05). The medium temperature increases were: 11,64ºC for group I, 0,96ºC for group II, 40,86ºC for group III and 2,9°C for group IV. There were no statistical differences between groups lI and IV, and these were different from group I. The cavity preparations made by the high-speed and the laser equipment generated very similar heat increases under water-cooling. The water-cooling is essential to avoid aggressive temperature increases, both when using the high-speed and the laser equipment, and with laser it is especially necessary for ablation of enamel

Caracterização biomecânica da conduta motora remada básica de passeio do esporte stand up paddle

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Displasia cementária periapical: considerações sobre conduta e relato de caso

A displasia cementária periapical (DCP) consiste em uma lesão óssea não neoplásica geralmente assintomática, sendo detectada em exame radiográfico de rotina. Em seu primeiro estágio apresenta-se radigraficamente semelhante a uma lesão periapical inflamatória, todavia na DCP os dentes encontram-se vitais. Neste relato de caso foi realizado o acompanhamento por sete meses de uma paciente negra com 37 anos de idade afetada por DCP no periápice de incisivos, caninos e pré-molares inferiores bilateralmente. Ao exame radiográfico foi possível notar que a lesão apresentou-se em dois estágios: osteolítico e de maturação. Os dentes reagiram positivamente aos testes de vitalidade/sensibilidade pulpar descartando, com auxílio do exame de imagem, diversas hipóteses diagnósticas do grupo das periapicopatias crônicas, contribuindo assim para uma adequada escolha do tratamento, evitando iatrogenias.

Nível de conhecimento dos professores de escolas públicas sobre a conduta frente ao traumatismo dentário

Introdução: o trauma dentário na infância ocorre com grande frequência, em especial em ambientes escolares. Portanto, é importante que educadores e funcionários das escolas saibam o que fazer frente a essa fatalidade, pois, após sua ocorrência, a rapidez na intervenção do cirurgião-dentista é um dos fatores que determinará o prognóstico de sucesso no tratamento. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento de professores de escolas públicas quanto ao tratamento emergencial em casos de traumatismo dentário. Métodos: quarenta professores de uma escola municipal e de uma creche foram entrevistados. O questionário abordava questões para identificação do perfil dos sujeitos, seu conhecimento acerca de primeiros socorros — incluindo traumas dentários —, qual tipo de traumatismo é mais frequente e quais são as condutas frente a esses traumatismos. Resultados: de um total de 40 entrevistados, 65% receberam treinamento de primeiros socorros, porém, apenas 52% receberam o treinamento do atendimento emergencial dos traumatismos dentários. Quarenta por cento já haviam presenciado casos de acidentes escolares envolvendo dentes, e a maioria dos entrevistados (55%) desconhecia a frequência com que isso ocorre. Um número significativo de pessoas tem dúvidas acerca da conduta correta a ser seguida quando da ocorrência de uma fratura coronária e da avulsão. Conclusão: conclui-se que o conhecimento dos professores sobre a conduta frente ao traumatismo dentário é inadequada. Programas educacionais, palestras explicativas e treinamentos devem ser realizados com esses profissionais, que são os primeiros a ter contato com casos de traumatismos dentários nas escolas.

Carcinoma de lábio com prognóstico sombrio devido conduta médica inadequada

The Squamous Cell Carcinoma is what more happens among the oral cancers, being considered sweats incidence in more than 90%. As important prognostic factor competes the early diagnosis and the immediate institution of the treatment, that it can involve radiotherapy and chemotherapy besides the surgery. The initial lesions don’t offer great diagnostic difficulties and now complemental laboratory exams define the diagnosis quickly, In the present report, the initial medical conduct was inadequate, with incomplete interpretation of the laboratorial result and adoption of inadequate therapeutic conduct, what resulted in constant evolution of the lesion. The patient came to the consultation with that medical history, after six months of the first attendance accomplished in another center. To the physical exam, infiltrative ulcerated lesion was observed in the lower lip, with having accentuated tissue loss superficially. The patient accused spontaneous pain and she did use an ointment, recommended six months ago for occasion of the first attendance. As diagnostic conduct was indicated the accomplishment of cytology and biopsy, being defined the diagnosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The patient was immediately guided to the medical service of its municipal district for manegement of the specialized oncologic treatment. The patient was submitted the surgery followed by radiotherapy, being verified involvement of another structures by contiguity. Now, the patient meets abed, without viable perspectives of cure. The present report emphasizes the importance of the clinical knowledge and professional responsibility in attendance of cases of that nature.

Fluxo de gases de efeito estufa na implantação de sistema silvipastoril em pastejo com ovinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficiência de um filtro de mangas no tratamento de gases oriundos de caldeira de queima de biomassa sólida

Atualmente a implantação de qualquer planta industrial que possa gerar impacto ambiental, ou até mesmo adequação de equipamentos já instalados para a não geração de poluentes ou geração dentro de limites adequados, passa cada vez mais por fiscalização rigorosa dos órgãos ambientais. A ventilação industrial tem sido e continua sendo a principal medida de controle efetiva para ambientes de trabalho que contenham dispersão de efluentes gasosos e material particulado de natureza prejudiciais, e baseado neste fato de relevância inegável é que se fundamenta este estudo. Um sistema de tratamento de gases com enfoque em ventilação local exaustora engloba vários equipamentos, e dentre eles o filtro de mangas é considerado um dos principais, pois sua função é a de efetuar a filtração dos gases proporcionando emissões dentro das tolerâncias dos órgãos ambientais, refletindo desta forma o objeto principal deste estudo de caso, a eficiência do equipamento. Especificamente neste estudo apresentam-se dados de eficiência do filtro de mangas em questão, componente de um sistema de desempoeiramento de uma caldeira de queima de resíduos sólidos. Foram utilizados dados coletados em campo em dois pontos do circuito do sistema, entrada do filtro de mangas e descarga de gases limpos, além de análise do elemento filtrante. As coletas e análises foram realizadas de acordo com as normas para a correta aferição dos dados gerados. Os resultados permitiram observar patamares de eficiência de filtração para os resíduos gerados na queima, demonstrando os cuidados a serem tomados no dimensionamento do equipamento para esta aplicação.

Análise da viabilidade do uso de biogás gerado a partir de dejetos bovinos em microturbinas para fins de geração, cogeração e trigeração de energia

The use of digesters has become an important alternative for the proper disposal of organic agricultural wastes, serving as a solution to some environmental and health problems. Furthermore, the process of digestion provides commercially valuable by products such as biogas and bio fertilizer. The generation of biogas from agricultural waste, and its use in power generation systems has aroused great interest in rural areas because it enables supply in whole or in large part the energy demand of ownership by reducing production costs. The advent of technology has brought new forms of energy conversion of biogas, as the use of micro turbines specifies to be fuelled with biogas derived from the decomposition of organic matter in digesters, since it has a low level of methane in its composition, and high degree of impurities such as hydrogen sulphide, which are harmful to equipment and reduce the calorific value of biogas. The use of micro turbines behind other advantages like low emissions, great fuel flexibility and low maintenance. This paper presents an analysis of the feasibility of using biogas generated from cattle manure in micro turbines to generate electricity. Behind also an assessment of the energy potential that each animal has on various uses of biogas, and forms of energy recovery from the exhaust gases of the micro turbine. Also conducts an evaluation of the energy savings that the use of biogas aggregates properties.

Manuais de conduta em mídias sociais e sua contribuição para a democracia digital: um estudo de manuais brasileiros

Information and communication technology have contributed to the realization of the ideals of citizen participation in public decisions, as well as to help in fighting corruption and wrongdoing in government. After all, democracy entails the right to information. The government, in many spheres, has encouraged the responsible use of the internet. Conduct manuals and standards have been published for public segments to direct the responsible use of these tools by their agents. This article aims to determine whether the manuals comply with the principles of digital democracy. Conduct manuals were analyzed in digital media from four Brazilian public organizations: Embrapa; Department of Communication of the Federal Government; Judiciary and Health Department of the Federal District. As a methodology, content analysis, based on criteria focused on transparency and encouraging civic engagement was used.

Fertilizantes e sistemas de irrigação: emissões de gases de efeito estufa no cultivo do milho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)