Prevenção do câncer de colo uterino das usuárias dos serviços no município de Bueno Brandão - Minas Gerais: plano de intervenção

O câncer do colo do útero é o terceiro mais incidente na população feminina brasileira. O câncer cérvico-uterino constitui uma causa de morte evitável sendo sua incidência e mortalidade passíveis de serem reduzidas por meio de programas de rastreamento efetivos para detecção e tratamento das lesões precursoras. O exame citopatológico do colo de útero é um método de rastreamento sensível e de baixo custo que torna possível o diagnóstico precoce de lesões precursoras e formas iniciais da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um projeto de intervenção que possibilite o aumento de adesão ao exame de Papanicolau no Programa Saúde da Família Ponte Nova em Bueno Brandão-MG, para alcançar tal objetivo foi necessário traçar o perfil epidemiológico e ginecológico bem como o conhecimento e atitude das mulheres frente ao câncer de colo uterino. Realizou-se um estudo com 240 mulheres de 25 a 60 anos de idade, assistidas pelo Programa Saúde da Família Ponte Nova da zona rural de Bueno Brandão, Minas Gerais, no período de junho de 2015 a agosto de 2015. Os dados foram obtidos no caderno de controle dos exames de Papanicolau realizados na unidade e no momento da consulta. Os resultados encontrados foram que a grande maioria das mulheres que se encontra na faixa etária de risco apresenta fatores e comportamentos que as deixam mais vulneráveis a doença e, que mais programas educativos necessitam ser realizados para a quebra da perpetuação de tabus relacionados à sexualidade. Foi observada que informações gerais sobre câncer de colo de útero precisam ser divulgadas a comunidade local. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam contribuir para orientar e definir ações dentro da Unidade da Família visando à conscientização e educação das mulheres e profissionais de saúde envolvidos.

Cuidados à mulher na prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino e de mama

Panorama geral sobre os cânceres que mais afetam as mulheres, estatísticas. Aborda as políticas públicas e publicitárias do câncer de mama e cércvico-uterino, incidência no Brasil, exames de prevenção e tratamento. Estudos que comprovam o benefício das atividades físicas e alimentação correta nesses casos, o atendimendo nas unidades de saúde etc.

Exame citológico - ampliação da cobertura no Centro de Saúde Felicidade II - Belo Horizonte/ MG

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi elaborar um plano de ação para ampliar a cobertura do exame colpocitológico no Centro de Saúde Felicidade II, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte / MG, promovendo assim, a melhoria das condições de vida e saúde das mulheres. A metodologia utilizada se baseou na revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa. Ao final do estudo foi apresentado um plano de ação, pois, diante dos resultados apurados percebeu-se a necessidade das intervenções a serem efetuadas no Centro de Saúde Felicidade II, visando melhorar o índice de cobertura dos exames preventivos. Sabe-se que a política da saúde tem como principal objetivo promover mudanças no intuito de melhorar o nível da saúde da população. A realidade percebida no Centro de Saúde Felicidade II é que o desempenho da equipe exerce grande impacto no desenvolvimento das ações, alcançando, dessa forma, o objetivo de contribuir com o aprimoramento e a consolidação da assistência à saúde da população, em especial a cobertura da população feminina na prevenção do câncer cérvico-uterino.

Fatores que influenciam na não adesão das mulheres ao exame preventivo cérvico-uterino

O câncer de colo de útero e o segundo tipo de câncer entre as mulheres. Acomete as mulheres em idade jovem sendo identificado em estagio relativamente avançados o que compromete, muitas vezes, a sobrevida dessas mulheres. Este estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa referente à prevenção do câncer colo do útero com o objetivo de conhecer os fatores que influenciam a não adesão das mulheres ao exame preventivo do câncer do colo do útero. Esse tema foi identificado no diagnóstico do território da equipe de Saúde da Família Itapuã II a qual atuava durante a realização do curso de especialização em atenção básica em saúde da família. Naquele momento foi identificado um número elevado de mulheres na idade de 25 a 59 anos que não haviam realizado o exame preventivo. Muitas mulheres faltavam ao exame agendado sem motivos parentes. Para a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema utilizou-se os bancos de dados da BVS, mais especificamente, o LILACS. Conclui-se que são inúmeros os fatores interferentes na não adesão das mulheres dentre esses destacaram-se a vergonha e medo em primeiro lugar, seguido por medo do resultado, dificuldade na marcação da consulta e não conhecerem sua importância

Intervenção educativa para aumentar o nível de conhecimento sobre a síndrome do fluxo vaginal em pacientes grávidas no posto médico de saúde sede, em Moraújo/CE

O presente trabalho constitui um estudo de intervenção educativa com o objetivo de implementar um programa sobre a síndrome de corrimento vaginal em pacientes grávidas do PSF Sede do município Moraujo, estado Ceará, Brasil. O Sindrome de Currimento Vaginal pode ser generica e clinicamente definido por uma alteração da ecologia microbiana vaginal que geralmente resulta de um ou mais dos seguintes sintomas: corrimento vaginal, fedor, ardor, coceira e dor. O total do universo de mulheres grávidas, está representado por 117 gestantes. De modo que o universo e a amostra são os mesmos. Nesta investigação será utilizado como meio de obter a informação um questionário pra ser aplicado a cada paciente. Uma vez aplicado, o conhecimento será avaliado usando uma escala de classificação. Os tópicos a tratar são conceito, comportamento e etiologia da síndrome de corrimento vaginal, fatores associados à síndrome corrimento vaginal nas grávidas, as complicações clínicas e possíveis dele derivados. como realizar a prevenção do corrimento vaginal e como realizar a prevenção. Posteriormente será aplicada aos pacientes um programa de intervenção educativa e será reaplicado o questionário para avaliar o nível de conhecimento alcançado depois da intervenção. O estudo tem como resultado esperado aumentar o nível de conhecimento das pacientes para contribuir com a prevenção do sindrome nas pacientes grávidas.

[climacteric Syndrome In A Northeastern Brazilian City: A Household Survey].

To assess the prevalence of Climacteric Syndrome (CS) in women from a municipality of Northeastern Brazil which is less developed socioeconomically. A prospective household survey was performed in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil with 1,210 climacteric women aged 45 to 60 years. Interviews were applied using previously tested standard questionnaires from April to July 2008. The severity of climacteric symptoms was analyzed by circulatory and psychological indexes and the latter were associated with menopausal status. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to assess the relation among climacteric symptoms. Most patients were 55 to 60 years old (35.3%), mulatto (37.9%), with 9-11 years of schooling (39.8%), with a partner (56%), Catholic (73.9%) and belonged to the socioeconomic class C (51.1%). The prevalence of CS was 85.9%, and hot flashes (56.4%) and sweating (50.4%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The most frequent psychological symptoms were nervousness (45%) and emotional liability (44.8%). The severity of vasomotor and psychological symptoms was significantly higher during the peri and postmenopausal period (p<0.05). Vaginal dryness (62.7%) was the most prevalent urogenital complaint. The prevalence of CS was high among women from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

The Effect Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone Or In Combination With Electrostimulation In The Treatment Of Sexual Dysfunction In Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Sexual dysfunction (SD) affects up to 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play an important role in the sexual function of these patients. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a rehabilitation program to treat lower urinary tract symptoms on SD of women with MS. Thirty MS women were randomly allocated to one of three groups: pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and sham neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) (Group I), PFMT with EMG biofeedback and intravaginal NMES (Group II), and PFMT with EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) (Group III). Assessments, before and after the treatment, included: PFM function, PFM tone, flexibility of the vaginal opening and ability to relax the PFMs, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. After treatment, all groups showed improvements in all domains of the PERFECT scheme. PFM tone and flexibility of the vaginal opening was lower after the intervention only for Group II. All groups improved in arousal, lubrication, satisfaction and total score domains of the FSFI questionnaire. This study indicates that PFMT alone or in combination with intravaginal NMES or TTNS contributes to the improvement of SD.

Sinonasal Disorders In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with more respiratory infections due to immunosuppression. this study aimed to verify the frequency of rhinosinusitis after HSCT, and the association between rhinosinusitis and chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and type of transplantation, clinical treatment, surgical treatment, and survival. this was a retrospective study in a tertiary university hospital. A total of 95 patients with hematological diseases undergoing HSCT between 1996 and 2011 were selected. chronic myeloid leukemia was the most prevalent disease. The type of transplant most often performed was the allogenic type (85.26%). The frequency of rhinosinusitis was 36%, with no difference between the autologous and the allogenic types. Chronic GVHD occurred in 30% of patients. Patients with GVHD had a higher frequency and recurrence of rhinosinusitis, in addition to more frequent need for endoscopic sinusectomy and decreased overall survival. there was a higher frequency of rhinosinusitis in HSCT and GVHD. The type of transplant does not appear to predispose to the occurrence of rhinosinusitis. GVHD seems to be an aggravating factor and requires a more stringent treatment.

Histologic Correlation Of Expression Of Ki-67 In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Glottis According To The Degree Of Cell Differentiation.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the larynx and glottis, and its prognosis depends on the size of the lesion, level of local invasion, cervical lymphatic spread, and presence of distant metastases. Ki-67 (MKI67) is a protein present in the core, whose function is related to cell proliferation. To evaluate the expression of marker Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and glottis and its correlation to pathological findings. Experimental study with immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67, calculating the percentage of the cell proliferation index in glottic squamous cell carcinomas. Sixteen cases were analyzed, with six well-differentiated and 10 poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. There was a correlation between cell proliferation index and degree of cell differentiation, with higher proliferation in poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. The cell proliferation index, as measured by Ki-67, may be useful in the characterization of histological degree in glottic squamous cell tumors.

Anatomical Study Of Minor Alterations In Neonate Vocal Folds.

Minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover are frequent causes of voice abnormalities. They may be difficult to diagnose, and are expressed in different manners. Cases of intracordal cysts, sulcus vocalis, mucosal bridge, and laryngeal micro-diaphragm form the group of minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover investigated in the present study. The etiopathogenesis and epidemiology of these alterations are poorly known. To evaluate the existence and anatomical characterization of minor structural alterations in the vocal folds of newborns. 56 larynxes excised from neonates of both genders were studied. They were examined fresh, or defrosted after conservation via freezing, under a microscope at magnifications of 25× and 40×. The vocal folds were inspected and palpated by two examiners, with the aim of finding minor structural alterations similar to those described classically, and other undetermined minor structural alterations. Larynges presenting abnormalities were submitted to histological examination. Six cases of abnormalities were found in different larynges: one (1.79%) compatible with a sulcus vocalis and five (8.93%) compatible with a laryngeal micro-diaphragm. No cases of cysts or mucosal bridges were found. The observed abnormalities had characteristics similar to those described in other age groups. Abnormalities similar to sulcus vocalis or micro-diaphragm may be present at birth.

[larynx Cancer: Quality Of Life And Voice After Treatment].

Treatments for patients with laryngeal cancer often have an impact on physical, social, and psychological functions. To evaluate quality of life and voice in patients treated for advanced laryngeal cancer through surgery or exclusive chemoradiation. Retrospective cohort study with 30 patients free from disease: ten total laryngectomy patients without production of esophageal speech (ES); ten total laryngectomy patients with tracheoesophageal speech (TES), and ten with laryngeal speech. Quality of life was measured by SF-36, Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) protocols, applied on the same day. The SF-36 showed that patients who received exclusive chemoradiotherapy had better quality of life than the TES and ES groups. The V-RQOL showed that the voice-related quality of life was lower in the ES group. In the VHI, the ES group showed higher scores for overall, emotional, functional, and organic VHI. Quality of life and voice in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy was better than in patients treated surgically. The type of medical treatment used in patients with laryngeal cancer can bring changes in quality of life and voice.

[balloon Laryngoplasty For Acquired Subglottic Stenosis In Children: Predictive Factors For Success].

The treatment of subglottic stenosis in children remains a challenge for the otorhinolaryngologist, and may involve both endoscopic and open surgery. To report the experience of two tertiary facilities in the treatment of acquired subglottic stenosis in children with balloon laryngoplasty, and to identify predictive factors for success of the technique and its complications. Descriptive, prospective study of children diagnosed with acquired subglottic stenosis and submitted to balloon laryngoplasty as primary treatment. Balloon laryngoplasty was performed in 37 children with an average age of 22.5 months; 24 presented chronic subglottic stenosis and 13 acute subglottic stenosis. Success rates were 100% for acute subglottic stenosis and 32% for chronic subglottic stenosis. Success was significantly associated with acute stenosis, initial grade of stenosis, children of a smaller age, and the absence of tracheostomy. Transitory dysphagia was the only complication observed in three children. Balloon laryngoplasty may be considered the first line of treatment for acquired subglottic stenosis. In acute cases, the success rate is 100%, and although the results are less promising in chronic cases, complications are not significant and the possibility of open surgery remains without prejudice.

[repeated Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology For The Diagnosis And Follow-up Of Thyroid Nodules].

The recently-proposed Bethesda reporting system has offered clinical recommendations for each category of reported thyroid cytology, including repeated fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for non-diagnostic and atypia/follicular lesions of undetermined significance, but there are no sound indications for repeated examination after an initial benign exam. To investigate the clinical validity of repeated FNA in the management of patients with thyroid nodules. The present study evaluated 412 consecutive patients who had repeated aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules after an initial non-diagnostic, atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, or benign cytology. The majority of patients were female (93.5%) ranging from 13 to 83 years. Non-diagnostic cytology was the most common indication for a repeated examination in 237 patients (57.5%), followed by benign (36.8%), and A/FLUS (5.6%) cytology. A repeated examination altered the initial diagnosis in 70.5% and 78.3% of the non-diagnostic and A/FLUS patients, respectively, whereas only 28.9% of patients with a benign cytology presented with a different diagnosis on a sequential FNA. Repeat FNA is a valuable procedure in cases with initial non-diagnostic or A/FLUS cytology, but its routine use for patients with an initial benign examination appears to not increase the expected likelihood of a malignant finding.

Dyspareunia In Hiv-positive And Hiv-negative Middle-aged Women: A Cross-sectional Study.

To evaluate whether dyspareunia is associated with HIV status in menopausal women and also to assess which factors are associated with dyspareunia in a group of HIV-positive menopausal women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 178 HIV-negative and 128 HIV-positive women aged 40-60 years. The Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ) was used to collect data. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural and reproductive factors were evaluated, as well as factors related to the HIV infection. Dyspareunia was defined as pain during intercourse. A bivariate analysis and Poisson multiple regression analysis were performed. Overall, 41.4% of the HIV-positive women reported dyspareunia compared with 34.8% of the HIV-negative women (p=0.242). In the HIV-positive women, bivariate analysis revealed an association between dyspareunia and having a steady partner (p=0.047); the woman's partner having undergone HIV testing (p=0.020); vaginal dryness (p<0.001); muscle/joint pain (p=0.021); physical/emotional violence (p=0.049); urinary incontinence (p=0.004); and the use of lamivudine/zidovudine (p=0.048). The Poisson multiple regression analysis found an association between dyspareunia and vaginal dryness (prevalence ratio (PR)=1.96, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.50, p=0.023) and urinary incontinence (PR=1.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.27, p=0.031). Dyspareunia was common in this group of HIV-positive women and was associated principally with vaginal dryness and urinary incontinence. The importance of treating dyspareunia within the context of sexual health in this group of women should be emphasised and appropriate management of this issue may reduce the likelihood of lesions on the vaginal wall, which may act as a portal of entry for other infections.

Hearing Preservation And Cochlear Implants According To Inner Ear Approach: Multicentric Evaluation.

Electroacoustic stimulation is an excellent option for people with residual hearing in the low frequencies, who obtain insufficient benefit with hearing aids. To be effective, the subject's residual hearing should be preserved during cochlear implant surgery. To evaluate the hearing preservation in patients that underwent implant placement and to compare the results in accordance with the approach to the inner ear. 19 subjects underwent a soft surgical technique, and the electrode MED-EL FLEX™ EAS, designed to be atraumatic, was used. We evaluated pre- and postoperative tonal audiometric tests with an average of 18.4 months after implantation, to measure the rate of hearing preservation. 17 patients had total or partial preservation of residual hearing; 5 had total hearing preservation and two individuals had no preservation of hearing. The insertion of the electrode occurred through a cochleostomy in 3 patients, and in 2 of these there was no hearing preservation; the other 16 patients experienced electrode insertion through a round window approach. All patients benefited from the cochlear implant, even those who are only using electrical stimulation. The hearing preservation occurred in 89.4% of cases. There was no significant difference between the forms of inner ear approach.