Audit report on the Iowa Sheep and Wool Promotion Board for the years ended June 30, 2006 and 2005

Audit report on the Iowa Sheep and Wool Promotion Board for the years ended June 30, 2006 and 2005

Need of reduced and harmonized bureaucracy in multi-centre clinical research - a case-report from a Swiss trial

Introduction: We launched an investigator-initiated study (ISRCTN31181395) to evaluate the potential benefit of pharmacokinetic-guided dosage individualization of imatinib for leukaemiapatients followed in public and private sectors. Following approval by the research ethics committee (REC) of the coordinating centre, recruitment throughout Switzerland necessitatedto submit the protocol to 11 cantonal RECs.Materials and Methods: We analysed requirements and evaluation procedures of the 12 RECs with associated costs.Results: 1-18 copies of the dossier, in total 4300 printed pages, were required (printing/posting costs: ~300 CHF) to meet initial requirements. Meeting frequencies of RECs ranged between 2 weeks and 2 months, time from submission to fi rst feedback took 2-75 days. Study approval was obtained from a chairman, a subor the full committee, the evaluation work being invoiced by0-1000 CHF (median: 750 CHF, total: 9200 CHF). While 5 RECs gave immediate approval, the other 6 rose in total 38 queries before study release, mainly related to wording in the patient information, leading to 7 different fi nal versions approved. Submission tasks employed an investigator half-time over about 6 months.Conclusion: While the necessity of clinical research evaluation by independent RECs is undisputed, there is a need of further harmonization and cooperation in evaluation procedures. Current administrative burden is indeed complex, time-consuming and costly. A harmonized electronic application form, preferably compatible with other regulatory bodies and European countries, could increase transparency, improve communication, and encourage academic multi-centre clinical research in Switzerland.

Revitalização dos Patrimónios Arquitectónicos da Cidade Da Ponta Do Sol – Uma Proposta

O objectivo deste trabalho foi de propor propostas de revitalização dos patrimónios arquitectónicos, históricos e culturais da cidade de Ponta do Sol, no intuito de que essa acção pudesse contribuir, de forma significativa, para a preservação dos patrimónios e um possível crescimento económico de Santo Antão, sobretudo do ponto de vista turístico. A cidade de Ponta do Sol, no passado, teve grande importância no que tange à produção e escoamento de vários produtos a exemplo do café, aguardente e quina, tanto para as outras ilhas como para países europeus. Mantém em seu espaço várias e belas construções dos tempos coloniais, entretanto esquecidas, e muitas delas já destruídas e outras encontrando-se em elevado estado de degradação. Além disso, possui uma grande presença judaica e também uma diversidade de herança histórica e cultural, que precisa continuar existindo para que não se perca a identidade cultural da comunidade, uma vez que há presença de tentativas de homogeneização da cultura, imposta principalmente pelos países desenvolvidos e pela globalização. Sendo assim, a preservação e revitalização dos edifícios, tanto público como privado, como do centro histórico em geral, poderá servir de base promotora para o fortalecimento da actividade turística da cidade. Para isso utilizaram-se como fontes bibliográficas, vários documentos, livros diversos, entrevistas, fotografias e trabalho de campo. Depois, com a recolha de dados foi possível constatar que a cidade de Ponta do Sol está atravessando um processo de degradação e modernização. Apesar de ainda activo e vivo, o centro está-se deteriorando, e se não houver intervenções que revertam esse processo, este perderá muito da sua identidade, da sua história-cultural e principalmente os seus patrimónios. Mas, propostas, projectos intervencionistas e acções executoras podem ainda reverter parte dessa situação e dando soluções ao centro da Cidade. Algumas propostas serão implementadas e até mesmo aglutinadas a novas propostas, podendo ser benéficas tanto para a cidade como também para a população. The aim of this work is to make proposals for the revitalization of the historic, cultural and architectural heritage of the city of Ponta do Sol, hoping that this action could contribute in a meaningful way to preserve the patrimony and the possible economic growth of Santo Antão, an island which is particularly considered for the production and trade of different products, especially coffee, liquor and quinine for other islands as well as for European countries. It displays several beautiful colonial constructions. However, they have been forgotten and some of degradation. Besides, this city hosts a great Judaic presence and also some diversity of the cultural identity, since there is the presence of attempts for the homogenization of the culture, imposed mainly by developed countries and the globalization. Thus, the preservation and revitalization of both public and private buildings as well as of the historic centre in general, can serve of a promotion basis for the strength of the historic activity in this town. That´s why a lot of documents, several books, interviews, photos, and field work as local evidence were used as bibliography. Afterwards, with the collected data it was possible to notice that the city of Ponta do Sol is facing a process of degradation and modernization. In spite of still being active and alive, the center is up deteriorating and if on interventions are made to revert this process, it will lose a lot of its identity, cultural history and mainly its patrimony. But proposals, interventionist projects and executive actions can still revert part of this situation and get solutions for the City centre. Some proposal which will be implemented and even be agglutinated to new proposal can be helpful for the city as well as for the population.

Introducing systematic dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (telephone-CPR) in a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS): implementation process and costs.

OBJECTIVE: In order to improve the quality of our Emergency Medical Services (EMS), to raise bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates and thereby meet what is becoming a universal standard in terms of quality of emergency services, we decided to implement systematic dispatcher-assisted or telephone-CPR (T-CPR) in our medical dispatch center, a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System. The aim of this article is to describe the implementation process, costs and results following the introduction of this new "quality" procedure. METHODS: This was a prospective study. Over an 8-week period, our EMS dispatchers were given new procedures to provide T-CPR. We then collected data on all non-traumatic cardiac arrests within our state (Vaud, Switzerland) for the following 12months. For each event, the dispatchers had to record in writing the reason they either ruled out cardiac arrest (CA) or did not propose T-CPR in the event they did suspect CA. All emergency call recordings were reviewed by the medical director of the EMS. The analysis of the recordings and the dispatchers' written explanations were then compared. RESULTS: During the 12-month study period, a total of 497 patients (both adults and children) were identified as having a non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Out of this total, 203 cases were excluded and 294 cases were eligible for T-CPR. Out of these eligible cases, dispatchers proposed T-CPR on 202 occasions (or 69% of eligible cases). They also erroneously proposed T-CPR on 17 occasions when a CA was wrongly identified (false positive). This represents 7.8% of all T-CPR. No costs were incurred to implement our study protocol and procedures. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates it is possible, using a brief campaign of sensitization but without any specific training, to implement systematic dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a non-Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System such as our EMS that had no prior experience with systematic T-CPR. The results in terms of T-CPR delivery rate and false positive are similar to those found in previous studies. We found our results satisfying the given short time frame of this study. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to improve the quality of emergency services at moderate or even no additional costs and this should be of interest to all EMS that do not presently benefit from using T-CPR procedures. EMS that currently do not offer T-CPR should consider implementing this technique as soon as possible, and we expect our experience may provide answers to those planning to incorporate T-CPR in their daily practice.

Audit report on the Iowa Corn Promotion Board for the years ended August 31, 2007 and 2006.

Audit report on the Iowa Corn Promotion Board for the years ended August 31, 2007 and 2006.

The structural nature of perceptual experiences

Intuitively, we think of perception as providing us with direct cognitive access to physical objects and their properties. But this common sense picture of perception becomes problematic when we notice that perception is not always veridical. In fact, reflection on illusions and hallucinations seems to indicate that perception cannot be what it intuitively appears to be. This clash between intuition and reflection is what generates the puzzle of perception. The task and enterprise of unravelling this puzzle took, and still takes, centre stage in the philosophy of perception. The goal of my dissertation is to make a contribution to this enterprise by formulating and defending a new structural approach to perception and perceptual consciousness. The argument for my structural approach is developed in several steps. Firstly, I develop an empirically inspired causal argument against naïve and direct realist conceptions of perceptual consciousness. Basically, the argument says that perception and hallucination can have the same proximal causes and must thus belong to the same mental kind. I emphasise that this insight gives us good reasons to abandon what we are instinctively driven to believe - namely that perception is directly about the outside physical world. The causal argument essentially highlights that the information that the subject acquires in perceiving a worldly object is always indirect. To put it another way, the argument shows that what we, as perceivers, are immediately aware of, is not an aspect of the world but an aspect of our sensory response to it. A view like this is traditionally known as a Representative Theory of Perception. As a second step, emphasis is put on the task of defending and promoting a new structural version of the Representative Theory of Perception; one that is immune to some major objections that have been standardly levelled at other Representative Theories of Perception. As part of this defence and promotion, I argue that it is only the structural features of perceptual experiences that are fit to represent the empirical world. This line of thought is backed up by a detailed study of the intriguing phenomenon of synaesthesia. More precisely, I concentrate on empirical cases of synaesthetic experiences and argue that some of them provide support for a structural approach to perception. The general picture that emerges in this dissertation is a new perspective on perceptual consciousness that is structural through and through.

Audit report on the Iowa Sheep and Wool Promotion Board for the years ended June 30, 2007 and 2006

Audit report on the Iowa Sheep and Wool Promotion Board for the years ended June 30, 2007 and 2006

Développement des filières agricoles et promotion des marchés

Le Gouvernement Capverdien avec l´assistance de la FAO à élaborer une stratégie de développement du secteur agricole au sens large, à long terme (horizon 2015) ainsi qu‟un Plan d‟action correspondant pour le moyen terme. Dans le cadre de l´initiative de la CEDEAO, Cap Vert c´est lance dans l‟élaboration de la présente sub-composante que s‟inscrit dans le cadre de l‟appui à la Formulation et mise en oeuvre d‟un Programme National d‟ Investissement Agricole (PNIA) pour la mise en oeuvre du PDDAA/NEPAD. Le document de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté (DECRP) du pays indique la sécurité alimentaire et la garantie de la cohésion sociale en milieu rural comme les axes stratégiques centraux et dans le cadre des stratégies nationales de lutte contre la pauvreté et de sécurité alimentaire, le gouvernement du Cap-Vert a adoptée et mis en oeuvre un certain nombre de programmes pour lever les contraintes multiples auxquelles le pays est confronté, et relancer le secteur agricole. La vision stratégique de développement à court et moyen termes du Gouvernement est présentée dans le document intitulé „Grandes Options du Plan‟, basés sur les orientations suivantes: a. Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance comme facteur de développement, en réformant l‟Etat, en intensifiant la démocratie et en renforçant la citoyenneté, b. Promouvoir la capacité entrepreneur, la compétitivité et la croissance ; élargir la base productive, c. Développer le capital humain et orienter le système d‟enseignement/ formation vers les domaines prioritaires de développement, d. Promouvoir une politique globale de développement social, luttant contre la pauvreté et renforçant la cohésion et la solidarité, e. Développer des infrastructures de base et économiques et promouvoir l‟aménagement du territoire pour un développement équilibré. Étant un secteur important de l‟activité économique et sociale du Cap-Vert, l‟agriculture doit jouer les rôles fondamentaux ci-après: améliorer les conditions d‟existence durable des ruraux par la promotion d‟une approche intégrée du développement des communautés rurales, en misant sur le développement agrosylvo-pastoral comme axe fondamental,  renforcer la sécurité alimentaire des populations rurales et urbaines, l‟approvisionnement du marché interne et le développement du secteur touristique en plein essor. Le gouvernement préconise la modernisation de l‟agriculture, la déconcentration des services et institutions d‟appui a la production, la promotion de la compétitivité dans l‟agriculture et la pêche, notamment par l‟élargissement et la diversification de la base productive. La modernisation du secteur agricole et le développement rural par l‟introduction de nouvelles technologies pour l‟intensification et la diversification, doivent assurer le renforcement du tissu économique rural. A cet effet, la croissance durable de la production agricole dépend prioritairement de mesures de rationalisation et d‟optimalisation de l‟utilisation de l‟eau d‟irrigation. Les orientations devront privilégier le montage de mécanismes d‟investissements dirigés vers une nouvelle agriculture spécialisée, complétée par la formation agro-alimentaire, et le développement d‟autres secteurs stratégiques et, particulièrement le tourisme. Les orientations stratégiques pour le secteur agricole, sont identifiées comme suit :  la réorganisation de la production pluviale (végétale et animale) en vue de renforcer la capacité productive et la protection de ces zones,  la diversification des activités de production et la prestation des services en milieu rural, élargissant ainsi la base productive, en accord avec les grandes orientations du Plan Stratégique,  le développement et la valorisation de l‟écotourisme.

Développement des filières agricoles et promotion des marchés

Le Gouvernement Capverdien avec l´assistance de la FAO à élaborer une stratégie de développement du secteur agricole au sens large, à long terme (horizon 2015) ainsi qu‟un Plan d‟action correspondant pour le moyen terme. Dans le cadre de l´initiative de la CEDEAO, Cap Vert c´est lance dans l‟élaboration de la présente sub-composante que s‟inscrit dans le cadre de l‟appui à la Formulation et mise en oeuvre d‟un Programme National d‟ Investissement Agricole (PNIA) pour la mise en oeuvre du PDDAA/NEPAD. Le document de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté (DECRP) du pays indique la sécurité alimentaire et la garantie de la cohésion sociale en milieu rural comme les axes stratégiques centraux et dans le cadre des stratégies nationales de lutte contre la pauvreté et de sécurité alimentaire, le gouvernement du Cap-Vert a adoptée et mis en oeuvre un certain nombre de programmes pour lever les contraintes multiples auxquelles le pays est confronté, et relancer le secteur agricole. La vision stratégique de développement à court et moyen termes du Gouvernement est présentée dans le document intitulé „Grandes Options du Plan‟, basés sur les orientations suivantes: a. Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance comme facteur de développement, en réformant l‟Etat, en intensifiant la démocratie et en renforçant la citoyenneté, b. Promouvoir la capacité entrepreneur, la compétitivité et la croissance ; élargir la base productive, c. Développer le capital humain et orienter le système d‟enseignement/ formation vers les domaines prioritaires de développement, d. Promouvoir une politique globale de développement social, luttant contre la pauvreté et renforçant la cohésion et la solidarité, e. Développer des infrastructures de base et économiques et promouvoir l‟aménagement du territoire pour un développement équilibré. Étant un secteur important de l‟activité économique et sociale du Cap-Vert, l‟agriculture doit jouer les rôles fondamentaux ci-après: