Identificacao e mapeamento de areas de maior eficiencia fotossintetica para a cana-de-acucar

The objective was the study of better areas for sugar cane exploitation, using variables related to the classes and exposition of slopes, edaphic and climatic variables. Data were analysed with the aid of a Geographic Information System supported by 8 bit microcomputer, and maps of North exposition, photosynthetically the most efficient, were produced for different gradients of slope. These maps combined with traditional maps can be a very helpful tool to planners. -from English summary

Caracterizacao edafo-climatica do Estado de Minas Gerais para a cultura da Cana-de-acucar

An ecological zoning originates seven regional units according to the main limitations to sugar cane culture. -from English summary

CELULOSE FIBROSA DO BAGACO DA CANA-DE-ACUCAR - AVALIACAO DA ACAO AGLUTINANTE/DESAGREGANTE EM COMPRIMIDOS CONTENDO FARMACO HIDROSSOLUVEL

In this work, a fibrous cellulose obtained from the sugar cane bagasse was analysed about its binder/disintegrating action and about its interference degree in the dissolution rate ('in vitro') of active principles, when incorporated in a compact system that has a water-soluble drug. It was used as reference drug the Lithium Carbonate, considering its solubility in water and it difficulties in the compressibility and flow rate. That cellulose was evaluated in a comparative study, involving another fibrous cellulose generally used in the tablet obtainment (Microcel 3E-200). After the experiment in methodologies of dry granulation and wet granulation, it was concluded that the analysed celluloses presents adequate binder/disintegrating efficience and they are equivalents in these aspect.

Produção de biomassa por fungos Filamentosos em meio de vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar suplementado com melaço

Three species of filamentous fungi, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium fellutanum and Mucor hiemalis, were selected and cultivated in vinasse media with different addition of molasses, pasteurized to 85°C for 30 minutes and with pH = 5.0. The microorganisms, previously adapted to the respective medium for 48 hours, from a solution of 107 spores.ml-1, were cultivated in pure and mixed cultures in Erlenmeyer vessel of 500ml, to 30°C, with constant agitation of 170 rpm, for 24, 48 and 72 hours, with four repetition for each samples. The biomass was separated by vacuum filtration in filter Whatman #1 and dried in oven at 105°C until right weight, the obtained liquid was submited to COD analysis. The datas were statistically analysed using a response surface methodology, to improve the effect on the molasses proportion and culture time, in the biomass production by microorganism in research. According to the obtained results (5.02% of molasses, 55.59h, 70% of spores solution of A. niger and 30% of spores solution of P. fellutanum), cultivating was carried out in Microferm Fermentor New Brunswick for 48 hours at 300 rpm, aired at 1v/v/m, using 5 liters of medium added with 5.0% of molasses on the conditions above described. The average of the results obtained (6.81g.l-1) was higher than the confidence interval (5.937 ; 6.369) and was inside the prediction interval (4.471 ; 7.834) both of them significant at 95% by the statistical test employed.

Sazonalidade, tarifa mais conveniente e fator de carga em indústria de processamento de cana

This paper represents the results of the work carried out in order to study the condition of seasonal consumer, the load factor and the more convenient tariff for a sugar mill located in the Vale do Paranapanema, SP, Brazil. Therefore, data of consume and registered demand were collected during the quadriennium 1990 to 1994. The studies showed that the factory did not maintain the condition of seasonal consumer of electric energy during the analysed period. Low values of the load factor observed in the period showed a non rational use of electric energy supplied by the concessionary. The results showed that only in one situation (load retired in top equal to 90%) the most convenient tariff is the horo-sazonal azul. In the other situations the most convenient tariff is the conventional one.

Uso de resíduos agroindustriais nas produções de cana-de-açúcar, açúcar e álcool

In order to study the effect of gypsum, lime and the mixture of lime-gypsum, associated with syrup in the agricultural and industrial production and in the rooting of sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.), var. IAC 58-480, one experiment was carried out in soil Terra Roxa Estrutura. Sugar-cane was planted in November 1986, and the cane-plant harvesting in September 1988. Three successive harvests were collected.The experiment was set in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications .The treatments were: T1 - 1.2 ton/ha of lime; T2 - 0.8 ton/ha of lime + 0.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T3 - 0.6 ton/ha of lime + 0.6 ton/ha of gypsum; T4 - 0.4 ton/ha of lime + 0.8 ton/ha of gypsum; T5 - 1.2 ton/ha of gypsum; T6 - 2.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T7 - control. Syrup was applied at the amount of 45 m3/ha.In September 1990, after the third harvesting, the second application of the treatments was made, the gypsum being applied in amounts four times greater than those of that put into practice at the planting. During harvest, the following parameters were evaluated: number, length and average diameter of the stalks; yield; and probable sugar and theoretical alcohol production per hectare.The results showed that the second application of the treatments recuperated the crop. Greater yields were achieved when the gypsum was associated with lime or syrup.

Acúmulo de sacarose, produtividade e florescimento de cana-de-açúcar sob reguladores vegetais

Plant regulators have been used successfully for early ripening and flowering control in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid). However, little information is available about the interactions between new genotypes and two plant regulators with regard to those variables. This study determined the effect of the regulators on the sucrose content, stalk production and flowering of seven sugarcane genotypes. The experiment was installed in March 2004 near Ja-, SP, Brazil A randomized complete block design was used with four blocks with a split plot treatment arrangement where the main plots were the genotypes IAC87-3396, IAC87-3410, IAC89-3124, IAC91-2195, 1AC91-5155, P088-62 and SP80-1842 and the subplots were sulfomethuron-methyl (15g i.a.·ha -1), etefon (480g i.a.·ha-1) and unsprayed control. Pol in cane was evaluated at 0, 21, 42, 63, 84, 105 and 126 days after the plant regulators application (DAA). Flowering, pith, stalk production and sucrose content were evaluated at 126 DAA. In most of the genotypes the use of plant regulators anticipated maturation in 21 days when compared with the unsprayed control. Etefon was more efficient for harvesting sugarcane between 42-84 DAA, whereas sulfomethuron-methyl was between 105 and 126 DDA. Both products controlled flowering. For most genotypes, the ripeners did not affect the productivity of stalks, except for sulfomethuron-methyl that reduced it in SP80-1842, and for ethephon that increased it in IAC91-2195. Sugar productivity of IAC89-3124 increased with both regulators, while it was higher in IAC91-2195 with ethephon application and lower in SP80-1842 with sulfomethuron-methyl use.

Irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial na produção e qualidade de cana-de-açúcar

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Níveis constitutivos de compostos fenólicos podem estar relacionados à resistência da cana-de-açúcar à cigarrinha-das-raízes

The interaction of the leafhopper-of-roots with the sugar cane is still poorly marked and there is little information on resistant varieties. The phenolic compounds are involved in resistance mechanisms of the antibiosis type, but few studies are devoted to the studying role of these compounds in the interaction of plants with sucking insects. The study was conducted to determine how the sugar cane responded to the infestation of Mahanarva fimbriolata in terms of accumulation of phenolic compounds. An experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in a randomized design in a factorial schedule 3 x 2 x 4, with 3 genotypes and sugar cane, 2 levels of nymphs infestation of M. fimbriolata and sampling 4 times, with 4 repetitions. The genotypes SP80-1816 and RB72454 showed higher levels of total phenols when subjected to an infestation of the pest, but the duration of the nymphal stage and mortality of sharpshooters were significantly lower in those varieties, indicating that the increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds may had been caused by death and decay of the roots. It was not observed variation in levels of total phenols in the variety SP83- 5073 subject to an infestation of M. fimbriolata. However, the mortality of the leafhopperof- roots and duration of the stage of nymphs were significantly higher in genotype, indicating the existence of resistance-type antibiosis. Analysis of correlation showed that higher initial levels of phenolic compounds resulting in mortality of the pest can increase the duration of the nymph stage.

Efeito da aplicação de maturadores químicos na cultura da cana de açúcar (Saccharum spp.) variedade SP81-3250

Sugarcane is one of the most important grass crops. This study evaluated the effects of chemical ripeners on the sugarcane variety SP81-3250 in terms of technological quality. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks with split split-plots. Main treatments were: 1) Control; 2) Aminolon Maduracion, at a rate of 0.7 L of commercial product (c.p.) ha -1; 3) Aminolon Maduracion, at a rate of 1.0 liter of c.p. ha -1; 4) Aminolon Maduracion, at a rate of 1.3 liter of c.p. ha -1; 5) Trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus), at a rate of 0.8 liter of c.p. ha -1. Secondary treatments were the sampling dates: 10 days before application (- 10 d.a.a.); 11; 46; 71; 100 and 117 d.a.a. (days after application). Ripeners differently affected the technological parameters, and trinexapac-ethyl showed the best behavior, followed by Aminolon (0.7 L of c.p. ha -1). The best results were found at the 3rd and 4th sampling dates, 46 and 71 days after application, respectively.

Influência da queima e aditivos químicos e bacterianos na composição química de silagens de cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the chemical (urea, sodium benzoate, and sodium hydroxide) and microbiological (Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus buchneri) additives on the sugarcane nutritive value, ensiled crude or after burned, using a factorial scheme 2 (burned or crude sugar cane) x 6 (five additives urea, sodium benzoate, sodium hydroxide, Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus buchneri plus control). It was evaluated the sugar cane chemical composition, before and after ensilage. The sugar cane NDF contents increased (51.3%, before ensilage) to 67.8% after fermentation period. The highest true digestible dry matter recovery values, 83.6 and 79.8% were observed on the burned sugar cane silage treated with NaOH or L. buchneri, respectively. The NaOH, and L. buchneri showed more efficiency in reducing nutritive looses during the fermentation phase of the crude or burned sugar cane silage.

Planejamento agrícola e implantação de sistema de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar com auxílio de técnicas geoestatísticas

Sugarcane is one of the most important crops of the Brazilian agribusiness and this importance justifies the use of techniques that allow the implementation of cultivation systems capable of reducing the variability of soil characteristics and the establishment of efficient agricultural planning. The aim of the present work was the planning and implementation of cultivation systems for sugarcane using geostatistical techniques, in the Pereira Barreto region, SP. An area of 505 ha was mapped using the global positioning system (GPS) and a Digital Elevation Model was elaborated (MDE). Soil samples were collected for 0-0.25 m depth, in each 7 ha, for their chemical attributes and texture characterization. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The determination of the spatial distribution of soil granulometric and chemical attributes allowed the allocation of the studied sugarcane varieties according to soil fertility and clay content. The kriging maps of soil granulometric and chemical attributes brought useful information to the establishment of production environments with different soil and crop managements. The identification of different environments by means of geostatistical techniques allowed the precise planning of the sugarcane cultivation, as well as the adequacy of fertilization practices and the allocation of suitable sugarcane varieties adapted to the conditions imposed by differences in the soil attributes.

Influência de fontes de nitrogênio no consumo e digestibilidade aparente total e parcial de novilhos alimentados com cana- deaçúcar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources, using sugarcane supplemented with urea, corn gluten meal-60 or soybean meal. It was evaluated Intake, total and partial apparent digestibility were evaluated using four rumen and duodenal cannulated crossbred steers. The treatments were evaluated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The total feces were collected to determine the apparent digestibility on the total intestinal tract. The indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) was used as marker of duodenal flux to determine ruminal and intestinal digestibility and dry matter daily flux. The DM, OM, CP, EE, DE, NDF, ADF and TC intakes and digestibility rates were influenced by nitrogen sources, and lower intake was observed in animals fed exclusively with cane sugar compared to animals fed the other experimental diets. Meanwhile the sources of nitrogen did not affect the total digestible nutrients (TDN) values. The RDP sources did not affect the total, ruminal, and intestinal nutrients apparent digestibility. However, the total, ruminal, and intestinal dry matter, and protein apparent digestibility were affected by the RDP sources.