A disseminação seletiva da informação e a tecnologia RSS nas bibliotecas de tribunais em Brasília

Verifica a utilização do serviço de disseminação seletiva da informação (DSI) e a tecnologia RSS em bibliotecas de tribunais em Brasília. Propõe identificar como os serviços de referência de tais bibliotecas vêem a validade do serviço de disseminação seletiva e mais especificamente a tecnologia RSS como instrumentos para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e serviços de informação com o foco nas necessidades do usuário. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os profissionais ainda veem utilidade do serviço de DSI, apesar de apenas duas das bibliotecas visitadas o utilizarem. Também foi possível verificar que os profissionais vislumbram a utilização da tecnologia RSS nos serviços de referência, apesar de nenhuma biblioteca visitada já ter pensado na utilização da tecnologia e os sites dessas bibliotecas ainda possuírem uma baixa disponibilização de serviços e utilização.

Oaklands College: Creating Collaborative Classrooms Online with LAMS (The Learning Activity Management System)

e-Learning Developer, Charlie Williams, has improved efficiencies at Oaklands College with the introduction of LAMS, the Learning Activity Management System. Charlie has worked alongside teachers at the College to create activities for a range of individual tasks, small group work and whole classes, based on online content and collaboration. Since 2010, this blended learning environment has improved retention as students can work at hours that suit them, and has given teachers more time to work on future lessons and other tasks.

Potential Application of Adsorptive Media to Enhance Phosphorus Uptake in Stormwater Basins and Wetlands at Lake Tahoe : literature review. Report to the University of California Davis Tahoe Research Group

Phosphorus removal by wetlands and basins in Lake Tahoe may be improved through designing these systems to filter storm water through media having higher phosphorus removal capabilities than local parent material. Substrates rich in iron, aluminum and calcium oftentimes have enhanced phosphorus removal. These substrates can be naturally occurring, byproducts of industrial or water treatment processes, or engineered. Phosphorus removal fundamentally occurs through chemical adsorption and/or precipitation and much of the phosphorus can be irreversibly bound. In addition to these standard media, other engineered substrates are available to enhance P removal. One such substrate is locally available in Reno and uses lanthanum coated diatomaceous earth for arsenate removal. This material, which has a high positive surface charge, can also irreversibly remove phosphorus. Physical factors also affect P removal. Specifically, specific surface area and particle shape affect filtration capacity, contact area between water and the surface area, and likelihood of clogging and blinding. A number of substrates have been shown to effectively remove P in case studies. Based upon these studies, promising substrates include WTRs, blast furnace slag, steel furnace slag, OPC, calcite, marble Utelite and other LWAs, zeolite and shale. However, other nonperformance factors such as environmental considerations, application logistics, costs, and potential for cementification narrow the list of possible media for application at Tahoe. Industrial byproducts such as slags risk possible leaching of heavy metals and this potential cannot be easily predicted. Fly ash and other fine particle substrates would be more difficult to apply because they would need to be blended, making them less desirable and more costly to apply than larger diameter media. High transportation costs rule out non-local products. Finally, amorphous calcium products will eventually cementify reducing their effectiveness in filtration systems. Based upon these considerations, bauxite, LWAs and expanded shales/clays, iron-rich sands, activated alumina, marble and dolomite, and natural and lanthanum activated diatomaceous earth are the products most likely to be tested for application at Tahoe. These materials are typically iron, calcium or aluminum based; many have a high specific surface area; and all have low transportation costs. (PDF contains 21 pages)

Síntese e caracterização de biodiesel obtido via catálises homogênea e heterogênea de óleo extraído de sementes de Helianthus annuus

O biodiesel é definido como um mono alquil éster de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa derivado de fontes renováveis tais como óleos vegetais e gorduras animais. Sua importância esta associada ao uso como um combustível alternativo para motores do ciclo Diesel podendo ser utilizado puro ou em misturas com o diesel representando economia de petróleo e menor poluição ambiental. Em geral é obtido por meio da reação de transesterificação na qual os triacilgliceróis, principais constituintes dos óleos e gorduras reagem com álcool, em presença de um catalisador ácido ou básico, produzindo ésteres de ácidos graxos e glicerol. A transesterificação pode ser conduzida por catálise homogênea ou heterogênea. O grande desafio da indústria é otimizar o processo a fim de alcançar um produto e uma rota de produção tecnologicamente eficiente e ambientalmente correta. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a síntese do biodiesel utilizando o processo de transesterificação do óleo de girassol por catálises homogênea e heterogênea. Foram realizadas reações de transesterificação via rotas metílica e etílica, empregando como catalisador homogêneo alcóxido de potássio e como catalisador heterogêneo a resina comercial de troca iônica Amberlyst 26

Percepção sobre o papel do Código de Ética Profissional na solução de dilemas éticos: um estudo empírico na Controladoria Geral do Município do Rio de Janeiro (CGM)

O grande impacto dos escândalos que afetam organizações das mais diversas áreas, inclusive as públicas, tem difundido um interesse generalizado em comportamentos éticos e antiéticos. A administração ideal baseia-se em um modelo de gestão, cujo processo utiliza mecanismos que assegurem sua eficiência e eficácia e, conseqüentemente, propiciem a redução de conflitos dentro da organização. A observância de um código de ética profissional favorece essa redução de conflitos, pois seu objetivo central é a formação da consciência sobre padrões de conduta. Nesse contexto, os servidores públicos devem constituir e observar determinadas regras de conduta que norteiam seu exercício profissional, pois a consciência dos princípios morais, seja no exercício do cargo ou função, ou fora dele, refletirá no exercício vocacional do poder do estado. Seus atos, comportamentos e atitudes deverão preservar a honra e a tradição do Funcionalismo Público diante da sociedade. Entretanto, a efetividade do cumprimento de um Código de Ética não se baseia nas leis administrativas e nem com estas se confunde, mas se apóia no sentimento de adesão moral e de convicção íntima de cada servidor público. Diante dos desafios encontrados na gestão de organizações públicas e de sua importância para a sociedade em geral, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar os fatores que influenciam a percepção dos servidores públicos civis municipais quanto ao valor do Código de Ética Profissional da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro como auxiliar na solução de dilemas éticos. A amostra foi constituída por 90 (noventa) servidores lotados na Controladoria Geral do Município (CGM). A metodologia utilizada para a análise exploratória e confirmatória dos dados, necessitou de técnicas de análise fatorial na redução de dados e regressão linear múltipla para testar as cinco hipóteses oriundas do problema de pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a percepção dos servidores sobre os valores morais professados no Código de Ética e o conhecimento deles sobre o Código influenciam a percepção sobre o seu valor como auxiliar na resolução de dilemas éticos. Os resultados também sugerem que o servidor municipal percebe, em um nível baixo, o compromisso da Administração com o código.

Invisíveis sociais: elementos para pensar formas de (des)integração de uma sociedade de capitalismo dependente

Diante do estreitamento do horizonte emancipatório para uma parcela significativa da população brasileira, procuramos, neste estudo, descrever a história real destes muitos, para não dizer milhões, que acabaram condenados à margem de formas sociais, econômicas, estilísticas, consagradas pelos aparatos ideológicos que perpetuam e justificam a reprodução da racionalidade do capital como o único e exclusivo sistema social. Na contemporaneidade, a mercantilização da vida em sociedade e seu indissociável processo de descartabilidade marcam presença constante no cenário das médias e grandes cidades brasileiras. Perscrutando o campo exploratório, presenciamos grupos humanos cada vez mais desvinculados do sistema produtivo. Destituídos de qualidades aceitáveis circunscritas à esfera econômica e moral capitalista, figuram, apenas, como paisagem, apenas, como fragmentos do universo objetivo. Vidas em sobrestado permanente, confundidas e misturadas com o descartável, sem lugar no mundo produtivo, galgam a invisibilidade social. É esta incivilidade levada ao seu paroxismo chamada invisibilidade que, aqui, identificamos e trazemos à luz. Uma invisibilidade que se constrói não pelo olhar, mas num imaginário persistente que fixa a pobreza como marca de inferioridade, potencializando um modo de ser que descredencia indivíduos para o exercício de seus direitos e da vida social, já que percebidos numa diferença incomensurável, aquém das regras da equivalência, isto é, da alteridade que a formalidade da lei e o exercício dos direitos deveriam concretizar. É neste espaço de interpelação do outro que a invisibilidade se constitui. Ela habita o registro do impensável, do conflito com a ideia de essência, de alteridade que arbitra todas as formas de ser. O invisível surge como alguém que não É, provocação que incita o estranhamento, o que o torna assediado por um forte ranço moral que preserva a depreciação de tudo que perdeu o valor de uso. É assim decretada a sua tripla negação: desistoricizado, desumanizado e dessignificado, mesclado a um universo de contravalores que imobilizam a vida, tornando-o incodificável, um personagem inefável colocando em xeque toda a lógica da representação. Nossa proposta, com este trabalho, foi o de ir além de um trabalho documental, mas de constatação e denúncia, procurando ultrapassar visões reducionistas que naturalizam a pobreza e a miséria, reencontrando assim, nas mediações e contrapontos, as contradições fundas que conduzem muitos a invalidação social, cujas violações e mutilações, de toda ordem, prosperam a favor de uma ordem econômica que se apresenta desvinculada e independente de limites e de justificações morais

Sustainable binders for soil stabilisation

Portland cement is the most commonly and widely used binder in ground improvement soil stabilisation applications. However, many changes are now affecting the selection and application of stabilisation additives. These include the significant environmental impacts of Portland cement, increased use of industrial by-products and their variability, increased range of application of binders and the development of alternative cements and novel additives with enhanced environmental and technical performance. This paper presents results from a number of research projects on the application of a number of Portland cement-blended binders, which offer sustainability advantages over Portland cement alone, in soil stabilisation. The blend materials included ground granulated blastfurnace slag, pulverised fuel ash, cement kiln dust, zeolite and reactive magnesia and stabilised soils, ranging from sand and gravel to clay, and were assessed based on their mechanical performance and durability. The results are presented in terms of strength and durability enhancements offered by those blended binders.

The influence of geometry on jet plume development

Our recent efforts of using large-eddy simulation (LES) type methods to study complex and realistic geometry single stream and co-flow nozzle jets and acoustics are summarized in this paper. For the LES, since the solver being used tends towards having dissipative qualities, the subgrid scale (SGS) model is omitted, giving a numerical type LES (NLES). To overcome near wall streak resolution problems a near wall RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) model is smoothly blended in the LES making a hybrid RANS-NLES approach. Several complex nozzle geometries including the serrated (chevron) nozzle, realistic co-axial nozzles with eccentricity, pylon and wing-flap are discussed. The hybrid RANS-NLES simulations show encouraging predictions for the chevron jets. The chevrons are known to increase the high frequency noise at high polar angles, but decrease the low frequency noise at lower angles. The deflection effect of the potential core has an important mechanism of noise reduction. As for co-axial nozzles, the eccentricity, the pylon and the deployed wing-flap are shown to influence the flow development, especially the former to the length of potential core and the latter two having a significant impact on peak turbulence levels and spreading rates. The studies suggest that complex and real geometry effects are influential and should be taken into count when moving towards real engine simulations. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Numerical simulation of single-stream jets from a serrated nozzle

Hybrid large-eddy type simulations for cold jet flows from a serrated nozzle are performed at an acoustic Mach number Ma ac = 0.9 and Re = 1.03×10 6. Since the solver being used tends towards having dissipative qualities, the subgrid scale (SGS) model is omitted, giving a numerical type LES (NLES) or implicit LES (ILES) reminiscent procedure. To overcome near wall streak resolution problems a near wall RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) model is smoothly blended to the LES making a hybrid RANS-ILES. The geometric complexity of the serrated nozzle is fully considered without simplification or emulation. An improved but still modest hexahedral multi-block grid with circa 20 million grid points (with respect to 12.5 million in Xia et al.; Int J Heat Fluid Flow 30:1067-1079, 2009) is used. Despite the modest grid size, encouraging and improved results are obtained. Directly resolved mean and second-order fluctuating quantities along the jet centerline and in the jet shear layer compare favorably with measurements. The radiated far-field sound predicted using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) surface integral method shows good agreement with the measurements in directivity and sound spectra. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Path-following steering control for articulated vehicles

Passive steering systems have been used for some years to control the steering of trailer axles on articulated vehicles. These normally use a 'command steer' control strategy, which is designed to work well in steady-state circles at low speeds, but which generates inappropriate steer angles during transient low-speed maneuvers and at high speeds. In this paper, 'active' steering control strategies are developed for articulated heavy goods vehicles. These aim to achieve accurate path following for tractor and trailer, for all paths and all normal vehicle speeds, in the presence of external disturbances. Controllers are designed to implement the path-following strategies at low and high speeds, whilst taking into account the complexities and practicalities of articulated vehicles. At low speeds, the articulation and steer angles on articulated heavy goods vehicles are large and small-angle approximations are not appropriate. Hence, nonlinear controllers based on kinematics are required. But at high-speeds, the dynamic stability of control system is compromised if the kinematics-based controllers remain active. This is because a key state of the system, the side-slip characteristics of the trailer, exhibits a sign-change with increasing speeds. The low and high speed controllers are blended together using a speed-dependent gain, in the intermediate speed range. Simulations are conducted to compare the performance of the new steering controllers with conventional vehicles (with unsteered drive and trailer axles) and with vehicles with command steer controllers on their trailer axles. The simulations show that active steering has the potential to improve significantly the directional performance of articulated vehicles for a wide range of conditions, throughout the speed range. © VC 2013 by ASME.

Strong carrier lifetime enhancement in GaAs nanowires coated with semiconducting polymer.

The ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in GaAs/conjugated polymer type II heterojunctions are investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K. By probing the photoluminescence at the band edge of GaAs, we observe strong carrier lifetime enhancement for nanowires blended with semiconducting polymers. The enhancement is found to depend crucially on the ionization potential of the polymers with respect to the Fermi energy level at the surface of the GaAs nanowires. We attribute these effects to electron doping by the polymer which reduces the unsaturated surface-state density in GaAs. We find that when the surface of nanowires is terminated by native oxide, the electron injection across the interface is greatly reduced and such surface doping is absent. Our results suggest that surface engineering via π-conjugated polymers can substantially improve the carrier lifetime in nanowire hybrid heterojunctions with applications in photovoltaics and nanoscale photodetectors.

Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells based on SnS/SnO nanocrystals and MDMO-PPV

SnS/SnO heterojunction structured nanocrystals with zigzag rod-like connected morphology were prepared by using a simple two-step method. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using the SnS/SnO nanocrystals blended with poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MDMO-PPV) as the active layer. Compared with solar cells using SnS nanoparticles hybridized with MDMO-PPV as the active layer, the SnS/SnO devices showed better performance, with a power conversion efficiency higher by about one order in magnitude.

Preparation and performance of cellulose acetate/polyethyleneimine blend microfiltration membranes and their applications

A modified microfiltration membrane has been prepared by blending a matrix polymer with a functional polymer. Cellulose acetate (CA) was blended with polyethyleneimine (PEI), which was then crosslinked by polyisocyanate, in a mixture of solvents. In the membrane, PEI can supply coupling sites for ligands in affinity separation or be used as ligands for metal chelating, removal of endotoxin or ion exchange. The effects of the time of phase inversion induced by water vapor, blended amount of PEI and amount of crosslinking agent on membrane performance were investigated. The prepared blend membranes have specific surface area of 12.04-24.11 m(2)/g and pure water flux (PWF) of 10-50 ml/cm(2) min with porosity of 63-75%. The membranes, made of 0.15 50 wt.% PEI/CA ratio and 0.5 crosslinking agent/PEI ratio, were applied to adsorbing Cu2+ and bovine serum albumin (BSA) individually. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ion on the blend membrane is 7.42 mg/g dry membrane. The maximum adsorption capacities of BSA on the membranes with and without chelating Cu2+ ion are 86.6 and 43.8 mg/g dry membrane, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study on structure and molecular dynamics of starch/poly(sodium acrylate)grafted superabsorbent by C-13 solid state NMR

The domain-structure of samples containing a series of starch/poly(sodium acrylate)-grafted superabsorbents, pure starch, pure poly(sodium acrylate), and blend of starch/poly(sodium acrylate) has been studied by high-resolution solid-state C-13 NMR spectroscopy at room temperature. The result shows that the crystallinity of starch decreases greatly in the grafted and blended samples.

Toughening effects of poly(butylene terephthalate) with blocked isocyanate-functionalized poly(ethylene octene)

BACKGROUND: Blocked isocyanate-functionalized polyolefins have great potential for use in semicrystalline polymer blends to obtain toughened polymers. In this study, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was blended with allyl N-[2-methyl-4-(2-oxohexahydroazepine-1 -carboxamido)phenyl] carbamate-functionalized poly(ethylene octene) (POE-g-AMPC).RESULTS: New peaks at 2272 and 1720 cm(-1), corresponding to the stretching vibrations of NCO and the carbonyl of NH-CO-N, respectively, in AMPC, appeared in the infrared spectrum of POE-g-AMPC. Both rheological and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated a new copolymer was formed in the reactive blends. Compared to uncompatibilized PBT/POE blends, smaller dispersed particle sizes with narrower distribution were found in the compatibilized PBT/POE-g-AMPC blends. There was a marked increase in impact strength by about 10-fold over that of PBT/POE blends with the same rubber content and almost 30-fold higher than that of pure PBT when the POE-g-AMPC content was 25 wt%.