894 resultados para Blake, Robert J. -- Interviews
Resumo:
Foram estudados dois clones de Eucalyptus com densidades bsicas de 447 e 552 kg/m³. O processo kraft foi utilizado para a produo de celulose, tendo sido aplicadas diferentes cargas de lcali para se obterem polpas com nmero kappa 18 ± 0,5. As polpas foram branqueadas pela seqncia ODEopDD, a alvuras de 90 ± 1% ISO, e refinadas, sendo suas propriedades fsico-mecnicas e pticas analisadas. A madeira de baixa densidade mostrou-se mais recomendvel para a produo de celulose, por ter apresentado maior rendimento depurado, viscosidade da polpa mais elevada, ter requerido menor carga de lcali no cozimento, ter proporcionado menor teor de slidos no licor residual e menor consumo de reagentes qumicos no branqueamento. As propriedades mecnicas e estruturais das polpas no foram afetadas significativamente pela densidade bsica das madeiras.
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades de chapas de madeira aglomerada fabricadas com partculas de Eucalyptus urophylla (massa especfica = 0,55 g/cm) e de Schizolobium amazonicum (Paric) (massa especfica = 0,30 g/cm). Foram confeccionadas chapas com cinco propores de madeira e dois tipos de partculas (maravalhas e cavacos). As chapas apresentaram dimenses de 60 cm x 60 cm x 1 cm e massa especfica mdia de 0,60 g/cm. Utilizou-se adesivo base de uria-formaldedo, na proporo de 8%. As chapas foram prensadas temperatura de 170 C e 3,2 MPa de presso, em ciclos de 8 min, e as suas propriedades foram determinadas segundo a norma NBR 14810-3. A massa especfica, a dureza Janka e a expanso linear no foram influenciadas pelas variveis experimentais. De modo geral, o aumento na porcentagem de paric elevou a resistncia flexo, ao arrancamento de parafuso e trao perpendicular. O tipo de partcula afetou significativamente apenas a resistncia trao perpendicular e o inchamento em espessura. As chapas produzidas com partculas provenientes de cavacos (coeficiente de esbeltez menor) tiveram maior resistncia trao perpendicular. Contudo, apresentaram valores mais elevados de inchamento em espessura.
Resumo:
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade de uso da madeira de clones de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, de 6 e 8 anos, e Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, de 10 anos, no que tange aos processos de usinagem, visando ao seu uso na indstria de mveis. A madeira utilizada originou-se de plantios comerciais cultivados em sistema de consrcio agrossilvipastoril, proveniente da Votorantim Metais Zinco S/A, situada no Municpio de Vazante, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Utilizaram-se seis rvores por clone, totalizando 18 exemplares. Foram realizados os seguintes ensaios de usinagem: corte paralelo s fibras, corte transversal s fibras, fresagem, aplainamento, furao, furao para espiga, furao para cavilha e moldura. Os resultados mostraram-se satisfatrios, com destaque para o clone de Eucalyptus urophylla com 8 anos, principalmente nos ensaios de corte paralelo e furao para espiga, apresentando grande potencial de uso da espcie para produo de mveis. A madeira dos clones testados apresentou bom desempenho na realizao dos ensaios de usinagem, no que se refere trabalhabilidade, no havendo entraves na sua utilizao como fonte de matria-prima na indstria moveleira.
Resumo:
Utilizou-se Schizolobium parahyba, objetivando analisar a alocao dos teores de acares solveis totais e de reserva (amido) e biomassas no desenvolvimento das plntulas. Aps a quebra de dormncia, 200 sementes foram semeadas em substrato composto por casca de arroz carbonizada e areia. Em cada coleta foram utilizadas 10 amostras para dosagem de acares solveis totais e amido e 10 para mensurao das massas frescas e secas (MS e MF) no 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dia aps a germinao (DAG). As sementes apresentaram 94,5% de germinao. Os acares solveis totais esto em maiores quantidades nas razes, hipoctilo e epictilos. Os cotildones apresentaram maiores teores de amido, j que este um rgo de reserva. O aumento da MF diretamente proporcional ao incremento de acares solveis e amido nas estruturas analisadas. As relaes de biomassa e teores de acares solveis totais e amido encontrados ressaltaram a mobilizao dos compostos de reserva dos cotildones nas outras partes da planta, medida que a reduo da biomassa e de acares dos cotildones reflete o aumento na produo de biomassa de epictilos, hipoctilos e razes da plntula.
Resumo:
Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da microbiolizao de sementes com bactrias extremfilas facultativas (Bacillus sp. e Enterobacter sp.), isoladas, em trabalhos anteriores, a partir de condies extremas de pH e NaCl e capazes de levar ao incremento na fitomassa de eucalipto, na germinao de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. Para avaliar a germinabilidade, foram mensurados o tempo mdio, a velocidade e o coeficiente de velocidade de germinao. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 11 tratamentos (cinco estirpes de Bacillus sp., cinco de Enterobacter sp. e uma testemunha sem bactria), formados por oito repeties com 25 sementes cada. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que as estirpes UnB 1366 e UnB 1374 de Bacillus sp. reduziram, significativamente, menor tempo mdio e maiores coeficientes e velocidades de germinao em relao s demais estirpes.
Resumo:
O Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, popularmente conhecido por “guapuruvu”, apresenta anis de crescimento distintos, evidenciados por maior espessamento de suas paredes no lenho tardio e pela presena de parnquima em faixa marginal. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi construir a cronologia dos anis de crescimento de rvores de S. parahyba de ocorrncia na ReBio de Tingu, RJ, visando gerar conhecimento sobre a dinmica de crescimento da espcie, bem como sobre a sensibilidade da formao dos anis de crescimento por fatores climticos. Das 30 rvores selecionadas foram coletadas quatro amostras radiais do tronco, utilizando-se uma sonda Pressler. As amostras passaram por polimento mecnico para melhor visualizao dos anis de crescimento e posterior delimitao e mensurao da largura deles. Para verificar a sincronizao da largura dos anis de crescimento e gerar uma srie mestra da cronologia para a espcie, foi utilizado o programa estatstico COFECHA. A espcie apresenta timo potencial dendrocronolgico, confirmado por elevada correlao da largura dos anis de crescimento dentre e entre rvores. Alm disso, exibe elevado coeficiente de sensibilidade mdia, que demonstra resposta s variaes ambientais. O crescimento da espcie correlacionado com a precipitao na estao seca.
Resumo:
Virantyttprosessin taustaa ; Viran hakijat ; Nyteluennot ; Ptevyyden mittaamisen ongelmat ; Kajanuksen ehdollepanovalitus ; Salapoliisintyt ; Kajanuksen kunnianpalautus ; "Ketunhnt kainalossa..." ; Mit hvittiin, mit voitettiin?.
Resumo:
The present thesis had two main objectives: The first was to assess how child sexual abuse (CSA) interviews in Finland are conducted through analysing the interviewing techniques applied and the language used by the interviewers, as well as to suggest ways to improve interviews if they were found to have deficiencies. The second main aim was to contribute to the growing research corpus concerning CSA interviews, in particular, by addressing how interviewers follow up information provided by the child, by analysing whether child health care professionals would use childadapted language, and by studying the kind of modifications in the verbal behaviour of interviewers and children that were associated with a) repeated interviews, b) a support persons presence at the interview, and c) the use of anatomically detailed dolls. Two complementary samples of CSA interviews were analysed. The first one was composed of child interviews with 3-12-year-old children (N = 27) that had been considered problematic by lawyers or other involved professionals (Studies I and IV). The second sample consisted of unselected interviews (N = 43) with children aged 3 to 8 years conducted in a number of hospitals in different parts of the country (Studies II and III). Study I: The verbal interaction between interviewer and child was analysed in a sample of interviews that had been considered to be problematic by involved professionals. Results showed that interviewers used inappropriate questioning techniques, relying on option-posing, specific suggestive and unspecific suggestive questions to a significant extent, these comprising around 50% of all interviewer utterances. The proportion of invitations, which the research community recommends interviewers to rely on, was strikingly low. Invitations and directive utterances were associated with an increase in informative responses by the child in terms of response type, number of new details reported, as well as length of response. The opposite was true for option-posing and suggestive utterances. Longer questions by the interviewer (in number of words) often rendered no reply from the child, whereas shorter questions were followed by descriptive answers. Even after the child had provided an informative answer, interviewers failed to follow up the information in an adequate way and instead continued to rely on focused and leading questions. Study II: Due to the possible bias of the sample analysed in Study I, the most important analyses were rerun with the unselected sample and reported separately. Results were quite similar between the two studies, indicating that the problems observed in Study I, with interviewers relying on option-posing and suggestive questions to a significant extent, are likely to be general and not specific for those interviews. Even if suggestive questions were slightly less and invitations slightly more common in this sample than in the previous study, almost half of the interviewer questions were still optionposing or suggestive, and also in this sample, interviewers failed to follow up information by the child in a facilitating manner. Differentiating between judicial and contextual details showed that while facilitators, invitations, and directive utterances elicited more contextual than judicial details, the opposite was true for specific suggestive utterances. These results might be explained by the reluctance of children to describe sexual details related to the abuse events. Alternatively, they may also be due to children describing incorrect sexual details as a result of suggestive interviewing techniques. Study III: This study examined features of the language used by the interviewers. Interviewer utterances included multiple questions, long statements, complicated grammar and concepts, as well as unclear references to persons and situations. More than a fifth of the interviewer utterances were coded as belonging to at least one of these categories. The results suggest that even professionals who are experienced in interacting with children may have difficulties in using a child-sensitive language, adding to the pool of studies showing similar problems to occur in legal hearings with children conducted by lawyers. As children rarely comment on, or even recognise, their lack of comprehension, the use of a language that is too complex can have detrimental consequences for the outcomes of investigative interviews. Interviewers used different approaches to introduce the topic of abuse. While 15% of the children spontaneously addressed the topic of abuse, probably indicating that they felt confident with the interviewer and the situation, in almost 50% of the cases, the interviewer introduced the topic of abuse in a way that can be considered leading. Interviews were characterised by a lack of structure, apparent in frequent rapid switches of topic by the interviewer. This manner was associated with a decrease in the number of new details provided by the children. Study IV: This study analysed possible changes in the interview dynamics associated with repeated interviewing, the presence of a support person (related to the child), and the use of anatomically detailed (AD) dolls. Repeated interviewing, in combination with suggestive questions, has previously been found to seriously contaminate childrens accounts. In the present material, interviewers used significantly more suggestive utterances in the repeated condition, thus endangering the reliability of the childrens reports. Few studies have investigated the effects of a support persons presence at the interview. The results of the present study showed that interviewers talked more and children provided less information when a support person was present. Supporting some earlier findings regarding the use of AD dolls, the present results showed that using AD dolls was associated with longer interviewer utterances and shorter, less responsive, and less detailed child responses. Interviewers used up to five times more unspecific suggestive utterances when dolls were used, for instance through repeatedly asking the child to show what really happened with the dolls. Conclusion: The results indicate that CSA interviews in Finland are not conducted in a manner that follows best practice as defined by the research community and as stated in a number of guidelines. When comparing these questioning strategies with the recommendations, which have been predominant in the field for more than ten years now, it can be concluded that the interviews analysed were conducted in a manner that undermines the possibility to elicit an uncontaminated and accurate narrative from the children. A particularly worrying finding was the fact that interviewers did not follow up relevant information by the children in an adequate way. A number of clinical implications can be drawn from the results, particularly concerning the need for improvement in the quality of CSA interviews. There is convincing research regarding how to improve CSA interviews, notably through training forensic child interviewers to use a structured interviewing protocol, and providing them with continuous supervision and feedback. Allocating appropriate resources to improve the quality of forensic child interviews is a matter of protecting the rights of all persons involved in CSA investigations, in particular those of the children.
Resumo:
Sir Robert Thompson mritti vuonna 1966 julkaistussa kirjassaan Defeating Communist Insurgency viisi vastakumoukselliselle sodankynnille keskeist periaatetta, jotka ovat: - Hallituksella tulee olla selke poliittinen tavoite. - Hallituksen tytyy toimia lainmukaisesti. - Hallituksella pit olla kaikille toimijoilleen yhteinen yleissuunnitelma ja suunnittelu. - Hallituksen tulee asettaa painopiste poliittisen kumouksellisuuden, ei sissien voittamiseen. - Kumouksellisen sodan ollessa sissisodan vaiheessa, hallituksen tulee turvata ensimmisen omat tukialueensa Thompsonin periaatteet pohjautuvat hnen kokemuksiinsa Malaijin kriisin aikana 1948 60 ja ne siirtyivt osaksi ensimmisi brittilisi vastakumouksellisen sodankynnin ohjesntj, jotka julkaistiin vuonna 1969. Samana vuonna alkoi Pohjois-Irlannin konflikti (1969 98). Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvitt miten Thompsonin periaatteita toteutettiin ne posin synnyttneess Malaijin kriisiss ja Pohjois-Irlannin konfliktissa. Tutkimuskysymyksi ovat: Mit Thompsonin periaatteet tarkoittavat ja miten ne ovat ilmenneet brittilisess ohjesntkirjallisuudessa? Mik periaatteiden toteutuksessa yhdisti Malaijin ja Pohjois-Irlannin konflikteja? Mit eroja periaatteiden toteuttamisessa oli konfliktien vlill? Mitk tekijt aiheuttivat keskeiset erot periaatteiden toteuttamisessa konfliktien vlill?Tutkimuksen kytetty lhdemateriaali koostuu tysin laadullisesta aineistosta. Tutkimusmenetelmn on kytetty laadullista, teorialhtist sisllnanalyysi Eri lhteit vertailemalla tehty analyysi on ohjannut Thompsonin mrittmien periaatteiden kehys. Malaijin ja Pohjois-Irlannin konflikteista saatua analysoitua tietoa on verrattu keskenn kytten teoriakehyst, ja nin on pyritty lytmn yhtlisyyksi ja eroja Thompsonin periaatteiden toteuttamisessa konfliktien vlill. Tutkimuksen kannalta keskeisi lhdeteoksia ovat: Sir Robert Thompson: Defeating Communist Insurgency, David McKittrick ja David McVea: Making Sense of the Troubles, Magne Haugseng: The Tightening Grip: Northern Ireland The Military and 35 Years of Terror. Tutkimuksen kannalta keskeisi lhdeasiakirjoja ovat Britannian asevoimien Pohjois-Irlannin konfliktista kirjoittama tutkimusraportti Operation Banner - An Analysis of Military Operations in Northern Ireland ja Riley Sunderlandin RAND-tutkimuslaitokselle vuonna 1964 laatimat Malaiji-raportit. Keskeisin ohjesntlhde oli Britannian asevoimien vuosina 1969 70 julkaisema kolmiosainen vastakumouksellisen sodankynnin ohjesnt Land Operations Volume III Counter Revolutionary Operations. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, ett Britannian hallituksella oli molemmissa operaatioissa selket tavoitteet. Molemmissa operaatioissa httilavaltuudet laadittiin mahdollistamaan asevoimille ja poliisille laajat toimivaltuudet. Tst huolimatta molemmissa operaatioissa tapahtui turvallisuusjoukkojen vrinkytksi. Pohjois-Irlannin vrinkytksi on tuotu selkemmin esille PIRA:n propagandan ja tiedotusvlineiden lsnolon takia. Kummassakaan operaatiossa ei ole ollut yht selke suunnitelmaa, vaan sarja erilaisia suunnitelmia. Malaijilla kaikkien toimijoiden yhteinen suunnittelu toimi koska sit varten luotiin organisaatiorakenne. Pohjois-Irlannissa yhteisen suunnittelun periaatetta ei toteutettu poliitikkojen haluttomuuden takia. Sek Malaijilla ett Pohjois-Irlannissa toiminnan kohdentaminen kumouksellisuuteen toteutettiin hiritsemll kumouksellisen vastustajan huoltoa. Malaijilla kumouksellisuuden oikeutusta heikennettiin mys muilla keinoilla kuten yhteiskunnallisia oloja kehittmll sek kynnistmll Malaijin itsenistymiskehitys. Kummassakaan operaatiossa hallituksen tukialueet eivt olleet vakavasti uhattuna. Keskeinen erottava tekij operaatioiden vlill johtui tapahtumapaikasta ja ajasta. Vastustajana PIRA oli kehittyneempi ja se kykeni muuttamaan toimintaansa vastaamaan muutoksia turvallisuusjoukkojen toiminnassa.
Resumo:
Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Robert Kajanuksen arkiston sisllst (arkistoluettelo 96). Ks. mys arkistoluettelo 658.
Resumo:
Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Robert Kajanuksen arkiston sisllst (ks. mys arkistoluettelo 96)
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No presente trabalho, foram estudados aspectos morfolgicos e anatmicos do pericarpo em desenvolvimento de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, com o objetivo de descrever esse rgo, fornecendo subsdios para trabalhos taxonmicos e filogenticos envolvendo a subfamlia Caesalpinioideae; objetivou-se, tambm, identificar e relacionar as estruturas do fruto, envolvidas no processo de fragmentao do pericarpo, que culmina na disperso das sementes. Nos frutos em desenvolvimento, foi possvel a definio de quatro estdios: I - ovrio; II - frutos muito jovens, com atividade meristemtica no pericarpo; III - frutos jovens at seu tamanho definitivo, caracterizado pelo alongamento celular; IV - fase de amadurecimento, em que ocorre a lignificao em clulas mesocrpicas e endocrpicas, culminando na fragmentao do pericarpo. Do estudo ontogentico, conclui-se que a parte papircea responsvel pela disperso da semente o endocarpo como um todo, incluindo o estrato esclerenquimtico e clulas parenquimticas internas.
Resumo:
Este artigo apresenta reflexes sobre as possibilidades e as dificuldades do estudo de festas religiosas atravs da interpretao de um texto de Robert Hertz (um dos pesquisadores da Escola Francesa de Sociologia), originalmente publicado em 1913, que versa sobre a festa de So Besso, um evento religioso que ocorre nos alpes italianos. O objetivo do presente trabalho destacar as pistas que Hertz deixou abertas em seu estudo e sugerir maneiras de nos apropriarmos de seus insights em nossas anlises atuais.
