Management of waterlogged areas, island and coastal saline soils using fish based mixed farming system

Problems in India regarding the management of various coastal saline soil and waterlogged environments are discussed in detail, considering in particular the potential application of mixed fish farming systems. Various operational and cost requirements of such systems are examined.

Ichthyofaunal diversity of great Nicobar Island, Bay of Bengal

Ichthyofauna was studied in the inshore waters around the Great Nicobar Island to assess the extent of biodiversity of fishery resources in the Great Nicobar waters by using various gears and crafts. During the present study, 258 species of fin fishes belonging to 141 genera, 84 families and 19 orders were recorded. Among these, Perciformes topped the list with 47 families, 84 genera and 169 species followed by Clupeiformes, Angulliformes, Tetrodoniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Scorpaeniformes, Rajiformes, Elopiformes, Pleuronectiformes, Syluriformes, Laminiformes, Bercyformes, Aelopiformes, Syngathiformes and Gonorhychiformes which includes the medicinally important and ornamentally valuable species.

CpG island density and its correlations with genomic features in mammalian genomes

Background: CpG islands, which are clusters of CpG dinucleotides in GC-rich regions, are considered gene markers and represent an important feature of mammalian genomes. Previous studies of CpG islands have largely been on specific loci or within one geno

Effects of salinity and temperature on the larval development of a sesarmid crab Neosarmatium trispinosum Davie (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from mangrove swamp in Okinawa Island, Japan

The larval development of the semiterrestrial sesarmid mangrove crab Neosarmarium trispinosum was studied under laboratory conditions at salinities 0-35%o and constant temperatures of 20-30°C. The larval development consists of five zoeal stages and a megalopa. Larvae survived to the first crab stage at salinities between 15 and 35%o with different percentages. At 0, 5 and 10%o, the larvae died within 12-18 hours without moulting to subsequent stages. The highest survival rate was recorded at 20-25%o and 25-30°C with shortest development duration to the first crab stage ranging from 24-28 days. At the highest salinity (35%o), survival rate was gradually decreased with increasing development duration. There were significant differences (P

Detached-eddy simulation of transonic flow past a fan-blade section

Detached-eddy simulation of transonic flow past a thin section of a fan blade has been carried out. The inflow Mach number is 1.03, and a bow shock forms upstream of the blade. The shock (corresponding to an adjacent blade) impinges on the suction-side boundary layer which causes separation and rapid transition to turbulence. The boundary layer later re-attaches near the trailing edge. The pressure-side boundary layer transitions near the leading edge and remains attached. Mean surface pressure shows basic agreement with a steady RANS calculation; strong shock motion in the DES is the major cause of discrepancy. Surface pressure spectra are investigated, and low-frequency two-dimensional disturbances associated with the shock motion are dominant. Removing the two-dimensional component from the spectra, the pressure-side three-dimensional spectra reproduce the spectral shape given by a correlation for flat-plate boundary layer wall-pressure spectra developed by Goody. 1 The suction-side disturbances produce similar high- and intermediate-frequency scalings despite substantially different boundary layer development. Near-wake results show that disturbance kinetic energy peaks at the suction-side inflection point of the mean profile, and that the energy is concentrated at low frequencies relative to the near-trailing edge surface pressure. Copyright © 2009 by the authors.

Food of two size-groups of the catfish Mystus giulio (Hamilton-Buchanan) in Vemblai canal, Vypeen Island

The stomach contents of two length-groups of the catfish Mystus gulio collected from Vemblai Canal in Vypeen Island (Kochi) were examined by frequency of occurrence and points methods. Analyses using standard indices proved difference in diet composition between the two size-groups.

Some new bounds on eigenvalues of the Hadamard product and the Fan product of matrices

Let A and B be nonsingular M-matrices. A lower bound on the minimum eigenvalue q(B circle A(-1)) for the Hadamard product of A(-1) and B, and a lower bound on the minimum eigenvalue q(A star B) for the Fan product of A and B are given. In addition, an upper bound on the spectral radius rho(A circle B) of nonnegative matrices A and B is also obtained. These bounds improve several existing results in some cases and the estimating formulas are easier to calculate for they are only depending on the entries of matrices A and B. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Milkfish fry occurrence pattern in two localities along the Western Coast of Panay Island

The results are presented of a study of milkfish fry occurrence in the Philippines, namely at Magaba and at Tubog. There were 2 peaks of fry occurrence in the latter, one in May and another in October, whereas only one peak occurred in the former in May. The possible influence on light intensity on the fry seasons is examined.

Occurrence of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) eggs around Panay Island, Philippines

The study documents the occurrence of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) eggs around Panay Island, Philippines: in Cuyo East Pass, Panay Gulf, Visayan Sea, Sibuyan Sea and Cagayan Islands. Most of the eggs, 545 out of 551, were obtained from Cuyo East Pass compared to Cagayan Islands and Sibuyan Sea while no milkfish egg was recovered from either Panay Gulf or Visayan Sea.

Status of the biodiversity of St. Martin's Island, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

A total of 234 species of fish have been recorded from the St Martin Island. Of which, 98 species are coral associated. The total number of recorded mollusc and crab species stands at 187 and 7 species respectively. A total of 66 coral species were recorded, of which 19 are fossil corals, 36 living corals and the rest are under 6 families of subclass Octocorallia (soft corals). A total of 14 species of algae have been recorded from the St. Martin's Island. There is an estimated amount of 1500 MT red sea weed biomass available around the St. Martin's Island. The island contains some of the most unique, benthic community associations in Bangladesh, not found anywhere else in the South Asian region. The unique marine communities have very high scientific value for research and monitoring and there are only a few examples worldwide, where coral-algal communities dominate rocky reefs. The economy of the island is based on fishing. It is estimated that, about 1650 MT of fish are caught annually. Over-exploitation of renewable marine and coastal resources (e.g., rocky reef fisheries, coral and shell extraction; removal of coastal vegetation from inter-tidal and sub-tidal habitats) is a major threat to this ecosystem. Destructive fishing practices, mainly the use of rock-weighted gill nets over the inshore boulder reefs is of prime aggravates. Proper implementation of the rules and regulation for Ecologically Critical Areas (ECA's), alternative livelihood for the local people and further research should be immediately taken for sustainable utilization and to save the rich biodiversity of the only coral island in Bangladesh.