O papel dos microfungos associados aos jardins das formigas Attini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Controle biológico de Moniliophthora perniciosa, agente causal da vassoura de bruxa do cacaueiro, por diferentes espécies e linhagens de Trichoderma spp

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Cetamina S(+) como adjuvante na anestesia e no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cl-synch: protocolo alternativo para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em búfalas, criadas em sistema extensivo na Amazônia

Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos alcançados no manejo de criação de búfalos e de técnicas de melhoramento genético, pouco se utilizam na prática para búfalos criados de forma extensiva. O desenvolvimento de protocolos de sincronização, que diminuam o estresse de contenção e reduzem os custos, contribuirá para o incremento da utilização da IATF nos rebanhos bubalinos. O experimento objetivou avaliar um método de sincronização e IATF econômico e pratico compatível ao tipo de criação extensiva. O experimento foi realizado em três fazendas distintas, duas em uma região de várzea, no Estado do Amapá (Local 1 e 2) conduzido na estação reprodutiva favorável. O terceiro no estado do Pará em pastagem cultivada de terra firme. Foram utilizadas 208 búfalas lactantes mestiças mediterrâneo/murrah com idades variadas de 2,5 a 10 anos com histórico de período pós parto ≥ 60 dias. As matrizes que portavam um corpo lúteo foi aplicado 2.0 ml Intra-Muscular de prostaglandina (PGF2α) (150μg/D-cloprostenol) no Dia 0 = D0. Setenta duas horas depois (Dia 3 = D3), foram realizados exame ginecológico para verificar a presença de muco e contratilidade uterina, e posterior inseminação e aplicação de 1.0 ml (100μg) IM de GnRH, com sêmen, de diferentes reprodutores. O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado entre 45 a 90 dias, através da palpação retal. O CL-Synch proporcionou uma taxa de prenhez media de 42,79%. Houve efeito significativo das variáveis: presença de contratilidade uterina (χ²= 10.9891; P= 0.0009), muco (χ²= 10.9891; P= 0.0009) e a condição corporal, (χ²= 20.2247; P= 0.0005). A presença do tônus uterino e do muco uterino mostraram-se como excelentes sinais indicativos de uma resposta de crescimento e diferenciação folicular e ovulação à estimulação hormonal. A relação reprodutor e taxa de prenhez não foi estatisticamente significativo (P=0,1684), sugerindo a uniformidade na qualidade do sêmen congelado proveniente da mesma central. Concluí-se que o CL-synch é promissor e suas vantagens se concentram no manejo de contenção das fêmeas e o baixo custo, pois possibilita a contenção somente duas vezes, quando comparado aos demais protocolos que necessitam de contenção de quatro vezes ou mais, diminuindo consideravelmente o estresse.

Controle biológico como componente do manejo integrado de doenças fúngicas em begônia

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Avaliação da responsividade hipotalámica-hipofisária durante o pós-parto em vacas nelore

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da administração da Deslorelina por 70 dias na forma de implante na dinâmica folicular, perfil endócrino e expressão de receptores endométriais de estrógeno, progesterona e ocitocina de vacas nelore (Bos taurus indicus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficiência de diferentes doses de acetato de fertirelina na sincronização da emergência da onda folicular e indução da ovulação em vacas leiteiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controle de Guignardia citricarpa e Penicillium digitatum em laranja com óleos essenciais e agentes de biocontrole

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação dos mecanismos de ação envolvidos na atividade antiulcerogênica de Serjania marginata frente á doença ulcerosa péptica experimental

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Farmacologia) - IBB

Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da administração subaracnóide de cetamina ou da associação com ifenprodil em equinos anestesiados com sevofluorano

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Inducing ovulation early postpartum influences uterine health and fertility in dairy cows

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of GnRH early postpartum on induction of ovulation, uterine health, and fertility in dairy cows. Holstein cows without a corpus luteum (CL) at 17 +/- 3 DIM were assigned randomly to receive i.m. GnRH (n = 245) at 17 +/- 3 and 20 +/- 3 DIM or remain as controls (n = 245). Ovaries were scanned by ultrasonography twice weekly totaling 4 examinations. Ovulation was characterized by the appearance of a CL >= 20 mm at any ultrasound or CL <20 mm in 2 consecutive examinations. Clinical and cytological endometritis were diagnosed at 35 DIM. Compared with control, GnRH increased ovulation up to 3.5 d after the last treatment (78.7 vs. 45.0%) and did not affect the prevalence of clinical endometritis (23.9 vs. 18.6%) or cytological endometritis (30.9 vs. 32.8%). Prevalence of clinical endometritis increased in cows that had calving problems (32.6 vs. 15.9%) and metritis (40.6 vs. 15.8%). Metritis increased prevalence of cytological endometritis (50.7 vs. 23.5%). Treatment with GnRH did not affect pregnancy per artificial insemination at 32 (37.6 vs. 38.6%) or 74 d after artificial insemination (35.0 vs. 31.5%), but reduced pregnancy loss (6.8 vs. 18.1%). No overall effect of GnRH treatment on hazard of pregnancy was observed; however, an interaction between GnRH treatment and ovulation showed that GnRH-treated cows that ovulated had increased hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM compared with GnRH-treated and control cows that did not ovulate (hazard ratio = 2.0 and 1.3, respectively), but similar to control cows that ovulated (hazard ratio = 1.1). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone early postpartiim induced ovulation without affecting uterine health, but failed to improve pregnancy per artificial insemination or time to pregnancy, although it reduced pregnancy loss.

Manipulation of the periovulatory sex steroidal milieu affects endometrial but not luteal gene expression in early diestrus Nelore cows

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relationships between growth of the preovulatory follicle and gestation success in lactating dairy cows

This report summarizes three studies conducted with lactating dairy cows aiming to increase pregnancy rates to fixed time artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Experiment 1 was designed to determine if changing the timing of PGF2 alpha treatment during an E2/P4-based program would affect fertility to TAI or fixed-time embryo transfer (TET). In experiment 2, pregnancy rates to AI were compared following synchronized ovulation using two protocols that have been developed to reduce the period between follicular wave emergence and TAI. The Ovsynch-type protocol utilizes GnRH to synchronize the follicular wave by inducing ovulation of a dominant follicle at the beginning of the protocol, and to synchronize ovulation at the end of the protocol allowing TAI. In contrast, E2/P4-based protocols utilize E2 products in the presence of P4 to induce atresia of antral follicles and synchronize emergence of a new follicular wave. At the end of E2/P4-based protocol another E2 treatment in the absence of P4 is used to induce LH release and synchronize ovulation and allow TAI. Experiment 3 was designed to determine whether increasing the length time interval with reduced circulating P4 (proestrus) would increase fertility in a TAI program that utilized E2 and P4 to synchronize ovulation of cycling, lactating dairy cows. The overall conclusions are that circulating concentrations of progesterone and estradiol prior to and circulating concentrations of progesterone following ovulation can affect fertility in cattle. In addition, small increases in P4 concentrations near the time of AI, due to lack of complete CL regression, result in reductions in fertility. Earlier treatment with PGF2 alpha should allow greater time for CL regression, an increase in estradiol and subsequent reductions in circulating P4 that could be critical for fertility. Optimization of follicle size in TAI programs is clearly an intricate balance between oocyte quality, adequate circulating E2 near AI, and adequate circulating P4 after AI.

Effect of follicle age on conception rate in beef heifers

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age of the ovulatory follicle on fertility in beef heifers. Ovulation was synchronized with the 5 d CO-Synch + controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) program in heifers in Montana (MT; n = 162, Hereford and Angus Crossbred) and Ohio (OH; n = 170, Angus Crossbred). All heifers received estradiol benzoate (EB; 1 mg/500 kg BW, [i.m.]) 6 d after the final GnRH of the synchronization program to induce follicular atresia and emergence of a new follicular wave (NFW) followed by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF(2 alpha); 25 mg, i.m.) administration either 5 d (young follicle [YF]; n = 158) or 9 d (mature follicle [MF]; n = 174) after EB. Estrous detection was performed for 5 d after PGF(2 alpha) with AI approximately 12 h after onset of estrus. Ovarian ultrasonography (MT location only) was performed in YF and MF at EB, 5 d after EB, PGF(2 alpha), and AI. Heifers in MT (n = 20) and OH (n = 18) that were not presynchronized or did not initiate a NFW were excluded from further analyses, resulting in 142 and 152 heifers in MT and OH, respectively. Heifers from the MF treatment in MT that initiated a second NFW after EB but before PGF(2 alpha) (MF2; n = 14) were excluded from the primary analysis. In the secondary analysis, the MF2 group was compared to MF and YF treatments in MT. Estrous response was similar (90%; 252/280) between treatments and locations. Proestrus interval (from PGF(2 alpha) to estrus) and age of the ovulatory follicle at AI were similar for MF heifers between locations (54.6 +/- 1.7 h and 8.3 +/- 0.07 h) but were greater (P < 0.01) for YF heifers in OH (78.5 +/- 1.4 h and 5.3 +/- 0.06 h) than MT (67.4 +/- 1.6 h and 4.8 +/- 0.06 h; treatment x location, P < 0.01). However, conception rate did not differ for MF (63.8%; 74/116) and YF (67.0%; 91/136) treatments. In the MT heifers, follicle size and follicle age atAI in the YF treatment (10.4 +/- 0.15 mm and 4.8 +/- 0.06 d, respectively) was less (P < 0.01) than in the MF treatment (11.0 +/- 0.18 mm and 8.3 +/- 0.11 d, respectively), but conception rate to AI did not differ between treatments in MT. In the MF2 group proestrus interval was greater (P < 0.01); hence, diameter of the ovulatory follicle and age were similar to that for the YF treatment. Conception rate to AI did not differ between MF2, MF, and YF (61.5, 63.3, and 64.7%, respectively) in MT. In conclusion, manipulation of age of the nonpersistent ovulatory follicle at spontaneous ovulation did not influence conception rate.