Anàlisi d'un spot televisiu segons el model proposat per Frederic Chaume : Estudi d'un cas: Beauty is nothing without brains

L’estudi de les situacions comunicatives sempre m’ha atret de manera significativa. El món de la publicitat, també. L’assignatura de Semiòtica audiovisual ha estat el vincle que ha inspirat el tema d’aquest treball. L’idea inicial era la d’analitzar des d’una perspectiva semiòtica un document audiovisual, concretament, Beauty is nothing without brains, un espot televisiu de Mercedes-Benz emès als Estats Units l’any 2007. Es pretenia identificar i analitzar cadascun dels elements que configuren la comunicació audiovisual i presentar possibles versions traductològiques del mateix. La dificultat de crear un esquema d’anàlisi que em permetés estructurar-ne l’estudi va conduir-me a Frederic Chaume. És llavors quan aconsegueixo concretar el tema del treball: es pretén analitzar aquest document audiovisual seguint el model proposat per Chaume, responent a un hipotètic encàrrec de traducció el qual demana la seva adaptació al mercat català.

Isolation of compounds attractive to the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa forel (hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Mabea fistulifera elaiosome

Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae)is a pioneer plant species with seeds dispersed by the ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Since the ants are attracted to the seeds to use its elaiosome as a source of energy, we investigated its composition. The elaiosomes from 13,000 seeds were extracted with a methanol:chloroform mixture (2:1 v/v) and yielded 22% of a residue. This residue was fractionated by column chromatography and its composition determined by infrared spectroscopy and chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The elaiosome lipids are constituted mainly by free fatty acids, triacylglycerols and minor quantities of monoacylglycerols or diacylglycerols.

Desenvolvimento de um spot test para o monitoramento da atividade da peroxidase em um procedimento de purificação

In this work we describe both a chromatographic purification procedure and a spot test for the enzyme peroxidase (POD: EC 1.11.1.7). The enzyme was obtained from crude extracts of sweet potatoes and the chromatographic enzyme purification procedure resulted in several fractions. Therefore a simple, fast and economic spot test for monitoring peroxidase during the purification procedure was developed. The spot test is based on the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol, which is catalyzed by the presence of peroxidase yielding the colored tetraguaiacol.

Operador dipolo-dipolo na base de momento angular: um complemento ao estudo de ressonância magnética nuclear

The relationship between the magnetic dipole-dipole potential energy function and its quantum analogue is presented in this work. It is assumed the reader is familiar with the classical expression of the dipolar interaction and has basic knowledge of the quantum mechanics of angular momentum. Except for these two points only elementary steps are involved.

Optimization of the carrot leaf dehydration aiming at the preservation of omega-3 fatty acids

The carrot leaf dehydration conditions in air circulation oven were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) for minimizing the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic (LNA, 18:3n-3). The optimized leaf drying time and temperature were 43 h and 70 ºC, respectively. The fatty acids (FA) were investigated using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and fused silica capillary column; FA were identified with standards and based on equivalent-chain-length. LNA and other FA were quantified against C21:0 internal standard. After dehydration, the amount of LNA, quantified in mg/100 g dry matter of dehydrated carrot leaves, were 984 mg.

Leaf and root volatiles produced by tissue cultures of Alpinia zerumbet (pers.) Burtt & Smith under the influence of different plant growth regulators

Volatiles produced by plantlets of Alpinia zerumbet were obtained by means of simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). The effects of indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, thidiazuron and 6-benzylaminopurine on leaf and root volatile composition obtained by tissue cultures were investigated. A higher content of b-pinene and a lower content of sabinene were observed in leaf volatile of plantlets cultured in control, IAA and IAA+ TDZ media, as compared with those of donor plants. In vitro conditions were favorable to increase caryophyllene content. Volatile compounds from the root were characterized mainly by camphene, fenchyl-acetate and bornyl acetate; which constitute about 60% of total volatile.

Herança da resistência à mancha-angular do feijoeiro e identificação de marcadores moleculares flanqueando o loco de resistência

A mancha-angular, cujo agente causal é o fungo Phaeoisariopsis griseola, é uma das principais doenças do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Os marcadores moleculares disponíveis ainda não são suficientes para monitorar todos os genes de resistência a essa doença. Por isso, objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a herança da resistência aos patótipos 63.39 e 31.23 de P. griseola, em populações derivadas de 'Ouro Negro' (ON) e 'US Pinto 111' (PT), e identificar marcadores moleculares ligados a genes de resistência presentes nessas cultivares. Quando inoculadas com o patótipo 63.39, as plantas ON, F1 (ON x PT) e 3/4 da população F2 mostraram-se resistentes enquanto que PT e 1/4 da população F2 foram suscetíveis. Quando inoculadas com o patótipo 31.23, as plantas PT e 1/4 das famílias F2:3 foram resistentes e todas as demais, suscetíveis. Esses dados indicam que a resistência proveniente de ON é conferida por um gene dominante enquanto que a de PT, por um recessivo. Esses dois genes segregaram independentemente. Amostras de DNA das plantas F2 foram amplificadas pela técnica de RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) de acordo com a estratégia de análise de bulks segregantes. Foram identificados os marcadores OPM02(460C) e OPAA19(600C,) respectivamente a 5,3 e 10 centimorgans (cM) do loco de resistência proveniente de ON. Eles flanqueiam este loco e, quando empregados simultaneamente, proporcionam uma eficiência de seleção de 97,4%. Não foram identificados marcadores para o loco de resistência proveniente de PT.

Resistência de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum à ferrugem e à mancha-angular em condições de casa de vegetação

Foram inoculadas 17 cultivares de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) recomendadas para plantio em Minas Gerais com cinco patótipos (6, 7, 9, 10 e 12) de Uromyces appendiculatus e cinco (63.55, 31.23, 63.39, 31.55 e 63.23) de Phaeoisariopsis griseola. Foi conduzido um ensaio separadamente para cada um dos patótipos dos dois patógenos, totalizando 10 ensaios. Nos ensaios de ferrugem foi avaliada a freqüência de infecção (FI) e estimado o tamanho médio das pústulas (TMP) e, nos ensaios de mancha-angular foram avaliados os sintomas utilizando uma escala de notas variando de 1 a 9. A maioria das cultivares se mostrou suscetível a pelo menos três dos cinco patótipos de ferrugem. As cultivares mais suscetíveis foram Roxo 90 e Meia Noite e a mais resistente foi a Ouro Negro, a qual apresentou proteção completa aos cinco patótipos testados. Com relação à mancha angular, além do Roxo 90, as cultivares Carioca MG, Pérola, Carioca 1030 e Aporé, extensivamente plantadas em Minas Gerais, foram altamente suscetíveis. As cultivares Ouro Negro e EMGOPA 201-Ouro apresentaram genes de resistência a diferentes patótipos e a combinação desses genes em uma nova cultivar resultaria em resistência a todos os patótipos testados.

Controle da ferrugem da folha e da mancha bronzeada da folha de trigo pelo uso de fungicidas em tratamento de sementes

The control of leaf rust and tan spot of wheat by seed treatment with fungicides was evaluated during 1998 in Passo Fundo, RS. Except for treatments including triadimenol and iprodione, leaf rust and tan spot severity in above ground parts of wheat plants was drastically reduced by the fluquinconazole fungicide used.

Detection and partial characterization of an isolate of Groundnut ringspot virus in Solanum sessiliflorum

The cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum) fruit, originating in the Amazon basin, is commonly used in that region for food, medicine, and cosmetics. In an experimental culture of cubiu, in order to evaluate its adaptation to conditions in the Northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, it was observed plants with mosaic symptoms. A cubiu plant was collected and analyzed to identify the etiological agent. After mechanical passage through a local lesion host, a host range test was performed. The virus induced chlorotic local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa, necrotic local lesions in Gomphrena globosa, mosaic in S. sessiliflorum, leaf and stem necrosis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) 'Rutgers', mosaic and leaf distortion in Datura stramonium and Physalis floridana, and necrotic local lesions followed by systemic necrosis and plant death in four Nicotiana species. Electron microscopic observations of ultra thin sections from infected cubiu leaves showed the presence of spheroidal, membrane-bound particles typical of tospovirus species. Analysis of the nucleocapsid protein from concentrated virus particles indicated the presence of a 28 kDa protein. RT-PCR was performed after total RNA extraction from infected IPA-6 tomato leaves. A fragment of approximately 0,8 kbp corresponding to the N gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced. The N protein from the cubiu isolate was 95% homologous to the Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) protein, and no more than 85% homologous to those from Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV) and Chrysanthemun stem necrosis virus (CSNV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). This is the first report of the occurrence of GRSV (or any other plant virus) in cubiu.

Effect of population densities of Heterodera glycines race 3 on leaf area, photosynthesis and yield of soybean

The effect of Heterodera glycines on photosynthesis, leaf area and yield of soybean (Glycine max) was studied in two experiments carried out under greenhouse condition. Soybean seeds were sown in 1.5 l (Experiment 1) or 5.0 l (Experiment 2) clay pots filled with a mixture of field soil + sand (1:1) sterilized with methyl bromide. Eight days after sowing, seedlings were thinned to one per pot, and one day later inoculated with 0; 1.200; 3.600; 10.800; 32.400 or 97.200 J2 juveniles of H. glycines. Experiment 1 was carried out during the first 45 days of the inoculation while Experiment 2 was conducted during the whole cycle of the crop. Measurements of photosynthetic rate, stomatic conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf color, leaf area, and chlorophyll leaf content were taken at ten-day intervals throughout the experiments. Data on fresh root weight, top dry weight, grain yield, number of eggs/gram of roots, and nematode reproduction factor were obtained at the end of the trials. Each treatment was replicated ten times. There was a marked reduction in both photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, as well as an evident yellowing of the leaves of the infected plants. Even at the lowest Pi, the effects of H. glycines on the top dry weight or grain yield were quite severe. Despite the parasitism, soybean yield was highly correlated with the integrated leaf area and, accordingly, the use of this parameter was suggested for the design of potential damage prediction models that include physiological aspects of nematode-diseased plants.