Postmortem imaging of sudden cardiac death

Postmortem imaging is increasingly used in forensic practice in cases of natural deaths related to cardiovascular diseases, which represent the most common causes of death in developed countries. While radiological examination is generally considered to be a good complement for conventional autopsy, it was thought to have limited application in cardiovascular pathology. At present, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), CT angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in postmortem radiological investigation of cardiovascular pathologies. This review presents the actual state of postmortem imaging for cardiovascular pathologies in cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), taking into consideration both the advantages and limitations. The radiological evaluation of ischemic heart disease (IHD), the most frequent cause of SCD in the general population of industrialized countries, includes the examination of the coronary arteries and myocardium. Postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA) is very useful for the detection of stenoses and occlusions of coronary arteries but less so for the identification of ischemic myocardium. MRI is the method of choice for the radiological investigation of the myocardium in clinical practice, but its accessibility and application are still limited in postmortem practice. There are very few reports implicating postmortem radiology in the investigation of other causes of SCD, such as cardiomyopathies, coronary artery abnormalities, and valvular pathologies. Cardiomyopathies representing the most frequent cause of SCD in young athletes cannot be diagnosed by echocardiography, the most widely available technique in clinical practice for the functional evaluation of the heart and the detection of cardiomyopathies. PMCTA and MRI have the potential to detect advanced stages of diseases when morphological substrate is present, but these methods have yet to be sufficiently validated for postmortem cases. Genetically determined channelopathies cannot be detected radiologically. This review underlines the need to establish the role of postmortem radiology in the diagnosis of SCD.

« Recueil de diverses genealogies ».

Contient : « Genealogie des comtes de Lyon et de Forests par Mr le chevalier GUICHENON, avec l'epitaphe d'Artaud, evesque de Belley » ; « Memoires touchant les comtes de Bar sur Seyne », dressés dans une lettre de M. « De VILLEPROUVEE », écrite « à Troyes, ce 4 febvrier 1653 » et adressée au P. J. Vignier ; « Contrele testament de Gerard de Roussillon » ; « Genealogies des maisons de Soissons, de Neelle et autres, par le R. Père JACQUES VIGNIER, de la Compagnie de Jésus » ; « Genealogie de la maison de Grandprey, avec des memoires la concernants » ; Genealogie de la maison de Choiseul par M. le marquis « DE LANQUES » : Notes adressées au R. P. Jacques Vignier, par lettres datées du 4 et du 9 février 1661. Epitaphes de différents membres de la famille de Choiseul, la première relevée à Metz par M. le marquis de Lanques, et les autres par le Père Vignier en l'eglise d'Aigremont et en l'abbaye de Morimond ; Lettre du comte D'HAUSSONVILLE au P. Vignier, concernant les sépultures de la maison de Choiseul à Morimond. « A Choiseul, ce 16 aoust 1658 » ; « Memoires de monseigneur DU CANGE, concernant la maison de Beaujeu » ; « Origine de la maison de Pontaillier ou Pontaillé », par le Père J. Vignier. A la suite : « genealogie de la maison de Pontaillier, suivant les lettres de madame la marquise de Rinel, en 1658 » et « Esclaircissements envoyés au P. J. Vignier de la Cie de Jésus, sur la genealogie de la maison de Pontaillier, descendue des comtes de Champagne » ; « Genealogie de la maison Dessalles de Rorté » adressée dans une lettre datée de Toul, 16 mars 1660, au P. J. Vignier par un descendant de cette famille « LOUYS DESSALLES DE RORTE » ; « Genealogie de la maison de Bourlemont », accompagnee d'une lettre au P. Vignier du Sr DE THUMERY, lettre datée de Bourlemont, le 23 octobre, sans désignation d'année ; « Memoires des seigneurs de Plancy » en Champagne, accompagnés d'une lettre de M. « DE VILLEPROUVEE » au P. J. Vignier ; « Memoires de la maison de Montbel » ; Lettre du Sr « DE VILLEPROUVEE » au P. J. Vignier sur les comtes de Champagne, la maison de Ravenel, les seigneurs de Sablonnière. « Troyes, ce premier de febvrier 1659 » ; Lettre du sieur « DE BEURVILLE » sur le même sujet. Cette lettre, adressée au P. J. Vignier, porte au dos 2 cachets de cire rouge aux armes des Srs de Beurville ; « Lettre de Mr DU LION, Sgr DE POINSSON » au P. J. Vignier, concernant la « genealogie de la maison du Lion ou de Lyon », dont l'auteur de la lettre était issu. Poinsson, 2 janvier 1664 ; Lettre du Sr « DE GAND » concernant sa famille, audit Père. « Dijon, 12 avril 1662 » ; « Genealogie de la maison de Fontetes... prez de St-Seine » ; « Mémoires de la maison de messieurs le Grand » ; « Eloge et genealogie de Jean Mercier, professeur royal en l'Université de Paris » ; Notes, qui semblent autographes, concernant le mariage et la naissance des enfants de JOSIAS MERCIER, seigneur DE GRIGNY etc ; Nouveau tableau généalogique avec blasons relatifs à cette famille ; Lettre autographe signée de PIERRE, « NEVELET DE DOSCHE », audit Père. Chaumont, 11 juin 1662 ; « Genealogie de messieurs de Beze » depuis Guyot de Beze, bourgeois de Cosne, vers le milieu du XVe siècle, jusqu'à Theodore de Beze, qui résigna le prieuré de Villeselve en 1548

Multi-phase postmortem CT angiography: recognizing technique-related artefacts and pitfalls.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multi-phase postmortem CT angiography (MPMCTA) is increasingly being recognized as a valuable adjunct medicolegal tool to explore the vascular system. Adequate interpretation, however, requires knowledge about the most common technique-related artefacts. The purpose of this study was to identify and index the possible artefacts related to MPMCTA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An experienced radiologist blinded to all clinical and forensic data retrospectively reviewed 49 MPMCTAs. Each angiographic phase, i.e. arterial, venous and dynamic, was analysed separately to identify phase-specific artefacts based on location and aspect. RESULTS: Incomplete contrast filling of the cerebral venous system was the most commonly encountered artefact, followed by contrast agent layering in the lumen of the thoracic aorta. Enhancement or so-called oedematization of the digestive system mucosa was also frequently observed. CONCLUSION: All MPMCTA artefacts observed and described here are reproducible and easily identifiable. Knowledge about these artefacts is important to avoid misinterpreting them as pathological findings.

Transformation of a microprolactinoma into a mixed growth hormone and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Combined prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) secretion by a single pituitary tumor can occur in approximately 5% of cases. However, in all previously reported patients, combined secretion of both hormones was present at the time of diagnosis. Here we describe a patient initially diagnosed with a pure prolactin-secreting microadenoma, who experienced the progressive apparition of symptomatic autonomous GH secretion while on intermittent long term dopamine agonist therapy. She was operated on, and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue confirmed the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma with uniform co-staining of all cells for both GH and PRL. This patient represents the first documented occurrence of asynchronous development of combined GH and PRL secretion in a pituitary adenoma. Although pathogenic mechanisms implicated remain largely speculative, it emphasizes the need for long term hormonal follow up of patients harboring prolactinomas.

European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe.

Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME's one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.

An Overview of the association between schizotypy and dopamine

Schizotypy refers to a constellation of personality traits that are believed to mirror the subclinical expression of schizophrenia in the general population. Evidence from pharmacological studies indicates that dopamine is involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia. Based on the assumption of a continuum between schizophrenia and schizotypy, researchers have begun investigating the association between dopamine and schizotypy using a wide range of methods. In this article, we review published studies on this association from the following areas of work: (1) Experimental investigations of the interactive effects of dopaminergic challenges and schizotypy on cognition, motor control and behaviour, (2) dopaminergically supported cognitive functions, (3) studies of associations between schizotypy and polymorphisms in genes involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission, and (4) molecular imaging studies of the association between schizotypy and markers of the dopamine system. Together, data from these lines of evidence suggest that dopamine is important to the expression and experience of schizotypy and associated behavioural biases. An important observation is that the experimental designs, methods, and manipulations used in this research are highly heterogeneous. Future studies are required to replicate individual observations, to enlighten the link between dopamine and different schizotypy dimensions (positive, negative, cognitive disorganisation), and to guide the search for solid dopamine-sensitive behavioural markers. Such studies are important in order to clarify inconsistencies between studies. More work is also needed to identify differences between dopaminergic alterations in schizotypy compared to the dysfunctions observed in schizophrenia.

Volumenes de Zooplancton e Ictioplancton frente a la costa peruana en verano e inicios de otoño 1999. Crucero BIC Jose Olaya Balandra 9902-03, de Tumbes a Tacna

Durante el crucero BIC José Olaya Balandra 9902-03 se colectaron 160 muestras de zooplancton, utilizando una red Hensen con 300 micras de abertura, en la columna de agua de 50 a 0 m de profundidad. Se obtuvieron volúmenes de zooplancton, entre 0,4 y 53,0 mL/muestra, observándose los mayores valores al norte de los 06° S. Se determinó la presencia de 54 especies de peces, siendo los más abundantes y frecuentes los huevos y larvas de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), las larvas de pez luminoso (Vinciguerria lucetia), linterna de Diógenes (Diogenichthys laternatus), bregmaceros (Bregmaceros bathymaster), entre otros. Se presentan cartas de distribución y abundancia de las especies más frecuentes y abundantes. Se concluye que la anchoveta desovó en sus áreas tradicionales de desove, encontrándose dos núcleos de alta concentración (mayores a 4000 huevos/m2). Los desoves de sardina (Sardinops sagax sagax) y caballa (Scomber japonicus) fueron menores, tanto en magnitud como en área de distribución, con relación al año anterior.

Cartas mensuales de promedios y desviaciones de datos oceanográficos y meteorológicos en enero y febrero de 1974

Presenta información sobre la temperatura promedio de la superficie del mar, la temperatura del aire y presión atmosférica en el período de enero y febrero de 1974.