Crystallization and optical properties of CCTO thin films under pressure influence

CCTO thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO 2/Si substrates using a chemical (polymeric precursor) and pressure method. The pressure effects on the CCTO thin films were evaluated by XRD, FEG-SEM and optical properties. Pressure films were found to be more homogeneous and dense than chemical deposition films. Pressure also leaded to an increase in the photoluminescence emission; it is suggested that the displacement of Ti in the titanate clusters, favors the charge transference from TiO 6 to [TiO 5V o z], TiO 5V o z] to [CaO 11V o z] and [TiO 5V o z] to [CuO 4] x. The low synthesis temperature used in the pressure method allows the deposition of films on less expensive substrates (i.e. glass, aluminum, polymer and others).

Photodynamic inactivation of planktonic cultures and biofilms of Candida albicans mediated by aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine entrapped in nanoemulsions

New drug delivery systems, such as nanoemulsions (NE), have been developed to allow the use of hydrophobic drugs on the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This study evaluated the photodynamic potential of aluminum-chloride- phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) entrapped in cationic and anionic NE to inactivate Candida albicans planktonic cultures and biofilm compared with free ClAlPc. Fungal suspensions were treated with different delivery systems containing ClAlPc and light emitting diode. For planktonic suspensions, colonies were counted and cell metabolism was evaluated by XTT assay. Flow cytometry evaluated cell membrane damage. For biofilms, the metabolic activity was evaluated by XTT and ClAlPc distribution through biofilms was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fungal viability was dependent on the delivery system, superficial charge and light dose. Free ClAlPc caused photokilling of the yeast when combined with 100 J cm-2. Cationic NE-ClAlPc reduced significantly both colony counts and cell metabolism (P < 0.05). In addition, cationic NE-ClAlPc and free ClAlPc caused significant damage to the cell membrane (P < 0.05). For the biofilms, cationic NE-ClAlPc reduced cell metabolism by 70%. Anionic NE-ClAlPc did not present antifungal activity. CLSM showed different accumulation on biofilms between the delivery systems. Although NE system showed a lower activity for planktonic culture, cationic NE-ClAlPc showed better results for Candida biofilms. Candida albicans biofilm overview after 30 min of contact with free ClAlPc. This study presents the photodynamic potential of aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) entrapped in cationic and anionic nanoemulsions (NE) to inactivate C. albicans planktonic cultures and biofilm comparing with free ClAlPc. The photodynamic effect was dependent on the delivery system, superficial charge and light dose. Cationic NE-ClAlPc and free ClAlPc caused significant reduction in colony counts, cell metabolism and damage to the cell membrane (P < 0.05). However, only the free ClAlPc was able to cause photokilling of the yeast. The anionic NE-ClAlPc did not present antifungal activity. Although NE system showed a lower activity for planktonic culture, cationic NE-ClAlPc showed better results for Candida biofilms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Photochemistry and Photobiology © 2012 The American Society of Photobiology.

A development strategy founded on natural resource-based production clusters

Includes bibliography

Tolerance of physic nut plants to aluminum activity in nutrient solution

Plants have different levels of tolerance to phytotoxic effects of aluminum and the exploitation of this characteristic is of significant importance to the use of acid soils. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum activity in nutrient solution on growth of physic nut young plant. After seven days of adaptation, plants were submitted to Al concentrations of 0; 200; 400; 600; 800 and 1,000 μmol L-1, corresponding to Al3+ activity solution, of: 14.5, 21.4; 46.6; 75.6; 108.3 e 144.8 μmol L-1, respectively. The increased activity of Al3+ decreased linearly the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, shoot dry matter and root length of physic nut plant. Physic nut young plants are sensitive to high aluminum activity in solution. The root length, number of leaves, shoot dry matter and total dry matter were variables more affected by Al activity in solution, and can be used to discriminate the tolerance levels to aluminum in physic nut plants. The accumulation of aluminum increased in a activity-dependent manner; however, its translocation from root to shoot was low.

Preparation of films from aluminum acetylacetonate by plasma sputtering

Aluminum acetylacetonate has been reported as a precursor for the deposition of alumina films using different approaches. In this work, alumina-containing films were prepared by plasma sputtering this compound, spread directly on the powered lowermost electrode of a reactor, while grounding the substrates mounted on the topmost electrode. Radiofrequency power (13.56 MHz) was used to excite the plasma from argon atmosphere at a working pressure of 11 Pa. The effect of the plasma excitation power on the properties of the resulting films was studied. Film thickness and hardness were measured by profilometry and nanoindentation, respectively. The molecular structure and chemical composition of the layers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Surface micrographs, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, allowed the determination of the sample morphology. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the structure of the films. Amorphous organic layers were deposited with thicknesses of up to 7 μm and hardness of around 1.0 GPa. The films were composed by aluminum, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, their proportions being strongly dependent on the power used to excite the plasma. A uniform surface was obtained for low-power depositions, but particulates and cracks appeared in the high-power prepared materials. The presence of different proportions of aluminum oxide in the coatings is ascribed to the different activations promoted in the metalorganic molecule once in the plasma phase. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

XAS/WAXS time-resolved phase speciation of chlorine LDH thermal transformation: Emerging roles of isovalent metal substitution

The XAS/WAXS time-resolved method was applied for unraveling the complex mechanisms arising from the evolution of several metastable intermediates during the degradation of chlorine layered double hydroxide (LDH) upon heating to 450 °C, i.e., Zn2Al(OH)6·nH2O, ZnCuAl(OH)6·nH2O, Zn2Al 0.75Fe0.25(OH)6·nH2O, and ZnCuAl0.5Fe0.5(OH)6·nH2O. After a contraction of the interlamellar distance, attributed to the loss of intracrystalline water molecules, this distance experiences an expansion (T > 175-225 °C) before the breakdown of the lamellar framework around 275-295 °C. Amorphous prenucleus clusters with crystallo-chemical local order of zinc-based oxide and zinc-based spinel phases, and if any of copper-based oxide, are formed at T > 175-225 °C well before the loss of stacking of LDH layers. This distance expansion has been ascribed to the migration of Zn II from octahedral layers to tetrahedral sites in the interlayer space, nucleating the nano-ZnO or nano-ZnM2O4 (M = Al or Fe) amorphous prenuclei. The transformation of these nano-ZnO clusters toward ZnO crystallites proceeds through an agglomeration process occurring before the complete loss of layer stacking for Zn2Al(OH)6· nH2O and Zn2Al0.75Fe0.25(OH) 6·nH2O. For ZnCuAl(OH)6·nH 2O and ZnCuAl0.5Fe0.5(OH)6· nH2O, a cooperative effect between the formation of nano-CuO and nano-ZnAl2O4 amorphous clusters facilitates the topochemical transformation of LDH to spinel due to the contribution of octahedral CuII vacancy to ZnII diffusion. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Report of the workshop in Caribbean small and medium-sized enterprises and trade liberalization: challenges of clusters and network initiatives

Includes bibliography

Estudo de percolação de clusters de Monte Carlo para o modelo de Ising bidimensional

Pós-graduação em Física - IFT

Proposta de método para introdução de práticas integradas de gestão em clusters industriais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diretrizes de práticas para transferência de tecnologia de gestão entre Clusters industriais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Proposta para desenvolvimento de círculos de controle da qualidade em clusters industriais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Una estrategia de desarrollo a partir de los complejos productivos (clusters) en torno a los recursos naturales

Incluye Bibliografía

Alianças e desenvolvimento de políticas para o desenvolvimento local: imbricações na mineração de alumínio em Oriximiná-PA

Aborda, por um lado, a relação entre a economia local no Município de Oriximiná - PA e sua inserção no Comércio Internacional do minério de alumínio. E, por outro, os mecanismos de interação e alianças entre os atores locais público e privado com o setor minerador de alumínio, representado pela Companhia MRN, vis à vis a consecução de um projeto de desenvolvimento local em bases endógenas. O estudo busca compreender como a interação entre interesses públicos/privados, coletivos/individuais, orgânicos/corporativos em âmbito local influenciam no desenvolvimento endógeno do Município. Não obstante, avaliar a dimensão das restrições estruturais, condicionadas pela dinâmica das relações comerciais no setor mundial do minério de Alumínio, aos processos internos de articulação para o desenvolvimento local. O Problema proposto está em compreender como as oportunidades e restrição da explotação de uma mina world class impulsiona processos de desenvolvimento local. Partindo-se da Nova Teoria Econômica aliada à Teoria do Comércio Internacional e Geografia Econômica, buscou-se delinear os parâmetros de inserção da economia mineradora do alumínio local no cenário internacional e suas inter-relações resultantes, sejam estas sob o aspecto tecnológico ou mercadológico. Numa perspectiva local, procurou-se identificar os processos interativos e seu grau de convergência entre Setor Público (via Plano Diretor Municipal) com vistas à concretização de um projeto de desenvolvimento endógeno mediado pela formação de alianças (Clusters) que atendessem às suas respectivas exigências tecnológica, econômica e institucional. Para tanto, o trabalho recorreu às Teorias do Crescimento e Desenvolvimento econômico e dos Sistemas para explicitar os mecanismos que regem as interações entre os atores locais e, em última análise, determinam suas ações sociais no processo de desenvolvimento endógeno. O método adotado é o hipotético-dedutivo utilizando-se instrumentos de coleta de dados secundários e primários. Através de um processo de modelagem computacional e, recorrendo aos Relatórios Fiscais da Prefeitura de Oriximiná e Contábeis da Mineração Rio do Norte buscou-se o aprofundamento sobre a natureza e aplicação dos recursos gerenciados por ambas Instituições. Desenvolve-se ainda, um modelo representativo da dinâmica do desenvolvimento endógeno local tendo o PIB Municipal per capita como proxy através do método de análise multivariada utilizando a técnica da regressão linear múltipla. Desenvolve-se também uma análise da autocorrelação da economia de Oriximiná com o seu entorno a partir da técnica de processamento de dados espaciais geograficamente referenciados bem como a técnica de acessibilidade locacional de Oriximiná. A apresentação dos resultados utiliza modelos simbólicos, tabelas e gráficos diversos. A conclusão é de que a atividade minerária encontra-se descolada do processo de crescimento local por não produzir spillover e por não internalizar o grosso da sua renda no Município dada sua estratégia competitiva. Contudo, a dinâmica local também sofre restrições por conta de sua localização espacial à margem do eixo econômico Regional e pela baixa capacidade empreenditiva e articulatória demonstrada pela administração pública local.

Synthesis and characterization of zeolite NaP using kaolin waste as a source of silicon and aluminum

The synthesis of zeolite NaP using kaolin waste, from the Amazon region, as a predominant source of silicon and aluminum has been studied. The zeolitisation process occurred in hydrothermal conditions using static autoclaving and the effects of time, temperature, and the Si/Al ratio were investigated. The starting material and the phases formed as reaction products were characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The results showed that pure zeolite NaP is hydrothermally synthesized, at 100 °C for 20 hours, using metakaolin waste material in alkaline medium in presence of additional silica. The XRD and SEM analyses indicate that the synthesized zeolite presents good crystallinity.