Lichen metabolites modulate hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in mouse macrophages

The activities of perlatolic acid (1), atranorin (2), and lecanoric acid (3) and their derivatives, such as orsellinates and β-methyl orsellinates obtained by alcoholysis, were assessed for stimulation of the release of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in cultures of peritoneal macrophage cells from mice. The hydrogen peroxide production was estimated by oxidation of phenol red, while the Griess reagent was used to determine the nitric oxide production. 1 and 4-methoxy-ethyl orsellinate (XVII) were the compounds that induced the greatest release of H 2O 2, whereas n-pentyl orsellinate (IV), iso-propyl orsellinate (V), sec-butyl orsellinate (VI), and XVII induced a small release of NO. These results indicate that lichen products and their derivatives have potential immune-modulating activities. © 2009 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen.

¿Existe aún una crisis de deuda latinoamericana?

Incluye Bibliografía

Time-frequency analysis combining wavelets and the envelope technique for fault identification in rotary machines

Nowadays the method based on demodulation by envelope finds wide application in industry as a technique for evaluation of bearings and other components in rotating machinery. In recent years the application of Wavelets for fault diagnosis in machinery has also obtained good development. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined application of Wavelets and envelope technique (also known as HFRT High-Frequency Resonance Technique) to remove background noise from signals collected from defect bearings and identification of the characteristic frequencies of defects. A comparison of the results obtained with the isolated application of only one method against the combined technique is performed showing the increased capacity in detection of faults in rolling bearings. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons

Introduction: Our objective was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypeople with respect to asymmetries on the maxillary incisor edges in a frontal smile analysis. Methods: Two frontal close-up smile photos of 2 women, 1 white and 1 Afro-Brazilian, were selected for this study. Both smiles displayed healthy maxillary anterior dentitions. The images were digitally altered to create tooth wear on the maxillary left central and lateral incisors in 0.5-mm increments. The final images were randomly assembled into a photo album that was given to 120 judges, 60 orthodontists and 60 laypersons. Each rater was asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images with visual analog scales. The data collected were statistically analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired Student t test. Results: The most attractive smiles in both types of smiles were those without asymmetries and the 0.5-mm wear in the lateral incisor. In general, tooth wear was considered unattractive by both groups of raters following a pattern: the more tooth wear, the more unattractive the smile; tooth wear in the central incisor was considered more unattractive than in the lateral incisor. For both group of raters, 0.5 mm of wear in the central incisor was considered unattractive, whereas the thresholds for lateral incisor discrepancies were 0.5 mm for orthodontists and 1.0 mm for laypersons. Conclusions: The result of this study corroborates the clinical assumption that symmetry between the maxillary central incisors is a paramount goal for esthetic treatments. Copyright © 2013 by the American Association of Orthodontists.

Problemas y perspectivas del desarrollo industrial latinoamericano

Publicado en 1964 por Solar/Hachette, Buenos Aires

Prospects for the use of municipal tree pruning wastes in particleboard production

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made with pruning wastes from Ipê (Tabebuia serratifolia) and Chapéu-de-Sol (Terminalia catappa) trees. Particleboards were prepared with both wood species, using all the material produced by grinding the pruning wastes. The particleboards had dimensions of 45×45 cm, a thickness of approximately 11.5 mm and an average density of 664 kg/m3. A urea-formaldehyde adhesive was used in the proportion of 12% of the dry particle mass. The particleboards were pressed at a temperature of 130 C for 10 mins. The physical and mechanical properties analyzed were density, moisture content, thickness swelling, percentage of lignin and cellulose, modulus of resilience, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength parallel to the grain, accordingly to the standards NBR 14810 and CS 236-66 (1968). The particleboards were considered to be of medium density. The particle size significantly affected the static bending strength and tensile strength parallel to the grain. Ipê presented better results, demonstrating a potential for the production and use of particleboard made from this species. © The Author(s) 2013.

Sistemática da seção Virescentia do gênero Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales) no Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cuba: evolución económica durante 2004 y perspectivas para 2005

Incluye Bibliografía

Trade and investment flows between the Caribbean and the rest of the hemisphere in the context of the FTAA

Includes bibliography

El Parlamento Andino: órgano principal del Acuerdo de Cartagena

Analiza las nuevas modalidades de accion y responsabilidades del Parlamento Andino, organo principal, segun el Protocolo Modificatorio del Acuerdo de Cartagena.

Filogeografia de duas espécies de Rhodophyta da ordem Batrachospermales no Brasil

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE

Valor prognóstico e preditivo de genes candidatos selecionados após análise de oligoarrays em carcinomas mamários

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Necesidades de cuidado de las personas mayores en la Ciudad de México: diagnóstico y lineamientos de política

Uno de los grandes retos del siglo XXI y de la región es avanzar hacia el reconocimiento y la inclusión del cuidado en las políticas públicas, en un marco de solidaridad e igualdad. A este panorama se suma una previsión prácticamente nula de la necesidad de cuidado como un riesgo en los sistemas de protección social, lo que impacta en la posibilidad de que las personas mayores reciban la atención que necesitan de manera adecuada, accesible y oportuna. En este escenario, la construcción de una política pública de cuidados es más importante y urgente que nunca. Este documento asume esta demanda imperiosa, pues fue elaborado con el propósito de brindar sustento teórico y empírico para la elaboración de un programa de cuidados en la Ciudad de México. Para ello se entregan en primer lugar algunos antecedentes conceptuales sobre el tema, con la finalidad de circunscribir el enfoque y los contenidos de la intervención que está diseñando el Gobierno de la Ciudad en la materia. En segundo lugar, se describe el contexto general en el que se desarrolla la problemática del cuidado en la Ciudad de México, específicamente, se estima su demanda y se analizan las formas en que las familias le están dando respuesta. Por último, se entregan los resultados de la “Encuesta sobre necesidades de cuidado de las personas derechohabientes de la Pensión Alimentaria en el Distrito Federal”.

Biodigestão anaeróbia e compostagem de dejetos de suínos, com e sem separação de sólidos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Metabolismo do glicogênio em Neurospora crassa: um estudo molecular e bioquímico e análise de interação proteína-proteína

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)