5-13岁儿童对惯性运动的认知发展

Research on naïve physics investigates children’s intuitive understanding of physical objects, phenomena and processes. Children, and also many adults, were found to have a misconception of inertia, called impetus theory. In order to investigate the development of this naïve concept and the mechanism underlying it, four age groups (5-year-olds, 2nd graders, 5th graders, and 8th graders) were included in this research. Modified experimental tasks were used to explore the effects of daily experience, perceptual cues and general information-processing ability on children’s understanding of inertia. The results of this research are: 1) Five- to thirteen-year-olds’ understanding of inertia problems which were constituted by two ogjects moving at the same spped undergoes an L-shaped developmental trend; Children’s performance became worse as they got older, and their performance in the experiment did not necessarily ascend with the improvement of their cognitive abilities. 2) The L-shaped developmental curve suggests that children in different ages used different strategies to solve inertia problems: Five- to eight-year-olds only used heuristic strategy, while eleven- to thirteen-year-olds solved problems by analyzing the details of inertia motion. 3) The different performance between familiar and unfamiliar problems showed that older children were not able to spontaneously transfer their knowledge and experience from daily action and observation of inertia to unfamiliar, abstract inertia problems. 4) Five- to eight-year-olds showed straight and fragmented pattern, while more eleven- to thirteen-year-olds showed standard impetus theory and revised impetus theory pattern, which showed that younger children were influenced by perceptual cues and their understanding of inertia was fragmented, while older children had coherent impetus theory. 5) When the perceptual cues were controlled, even 40 percent 5 years olds showed the information-processing ability to analyze the distance, speed and time of two objects traveling in two different directions at the same time, demonstrating that they have achieved a necessary level to theorize their naïve concept of inertia.

Café e coragem: 13 anos de colonização agrícola em Rondônia.

Durante treze anos, uma equipe de pesquisadores da Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite apoiada por outras instituições nacionais e estrangeiras, acompanhou um grupo de 438 famílias de produtores rurais em Machadinho d´Oeste, Rondônia, na fronteira agrícola da Amazônia Ocidental. Nessas terras recentemente ocupadas por pequenos agricultores, oriundos principalmente das Regiões Sul e Sudeste do país, as atividades de produção familiar foram avaliadas através de métodos e procedimentos modernos, baseados na utilização de imagens de satélite, Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e tratamento numéricos. As extensas bases de dados, constituídas durante a pesquisa, serviram para análise da evolução e diferenciação da pequena agricultura familiar, em termos da produção agrícola e da manutenção da sua sustentabilidade agroecológica. Procurando sabe as principais razões que diferenciam evolutivamente os lotes amostrados, foram analisados os questionários respondidos por produtores entrevistados em 1986, 1989, 1996 e 1999. As análises permitiram a comparação dos dados técnicos e sua possível utilização na avaliação dos sistemas de produção. O estudo foi complementado com análises explicativas através das variáveis qualitativas. Entre os anos de 1986 e 1999 houve uma evolução significativa, como se esperava, nos sistemas de produção agrícola de Machadinho d´Oeste (RO).

Avaliação econômica da produção de soja para a safra 2012/13.

Estimativa do custo de produção de soja convencional e de soja transgênica, por hectare, em diversas microrregiões do Brasil, safra 2012/13.

Eficiência de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem-asiática da soja, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, na safra 2012/13: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

2013

Disponibilidade de água no solo para o cultivo de macieira nas safras 2008/09 a 2012/13 em Vacaria, RS.

Apresenta resultados de pesquisas realizadas no intuito de avaliar a demanda hídrica e a disponibilidade de água do solo nas condições de cultivo de macieira em Vacaria, RS.

Bacteremic pneumonia before and after withdrawal of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine from a public vaccination program in Spain: a case-control study

The objective of this study is to compare the incidence and epidemiology of bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the setting of changes in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) coverage. In the region of Madrid, universal immunization with the PCV13 started in May 2010. In July 2012, public funding ceased. Vaccination coverage decreased from >95% to 82% in 2013 and to 67% in 2014. We performed a multicenter surveillance and case-control study from 2009-2014. Cases were hospitalized children with bacteremic CAP. Controls were children selected 1:1 from next-admitted with negative blood cultures and typical, presumed bacterial CAP. Annual incidence of bacteremic CAP declined from 7.9/100 000 children (95% CI 5.1-11.1) in 2009 to 2.1/100 000 children (95% CI 1.1-4.1) in 2012. In 2014, 2 years after PCV13 was withdrawn from the universal vaccination program, the incidence of bacteremic CAP increased to 5.4/100 000 children (95% CI 3.5-8.4). We enrolled 113 cases and 113 controls. Streptococcus pneumoniae caused most of bloodstream infections (78%). Empyema was associated with bacteremia (P = .003, OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4-8.9). Simple parapneumonic effusion was not associated with bacteremia. Incomplete PCV immunization was not a risk factor for bacteremic pneumonia.

Na-23, Si-29, and C-13 MAS NMR investigation of glass-forming reactions between Na2CO3 and SiO2

Winter, Rudolf; Jones, A.R.; Greaves, G.N.; Smith, I.H., (2005) 'Na-23, Si-29, and C-13 MAS NMR investigation of glass-forming reactions between Na2CO3 and SiO2', Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109(49) pp.23154-23161 RAE2008

Letter to nephew, 01/13/1868

January 13 1868 letter from Daniel A. Whedon to nephew.

Letter to Daniel A. Whedon. New York. April 13, 1867

Handwritten 1867 letter from Daniel D. Whedon to his nephew, Daniel A. Whedon, requesting books.

Water vapor line parameters in the 13 000-9250 cm-1 region.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published