A preference-based semantics for CTD reasoning

In [8] the authors developed a logical system based on the definition of a new non-classical connective ⊗ capturing the notion of reparative obligation. The system proved to be appropriate for handling well-known contrary-to-duty paradoxes but no model-theoretic semantics was presented. In this paper we fill the gap and define a suitable possible-world semantics for the system for which we can prove soundness and completeness. The semantics is a preference-based non-normal one extending and generalizing semantics for classical modal logics.

Reproduction of painted portrait of Marcus Elias Marcus, age 76. Portraits Men

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Reproduction of painted portrait of Marcus Elias Marcus, age 76 Portraits Men

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Reproduction of painted portrait of Marcus Elias Marcus, age 76. Portraits Men

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Reproduction of painted portrait of Marcus Elias Marcus, age 76 Portraits Men

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Inhibition of Human Two-Pore Domain K+ Channel TREK1 by Local Anesthetic Lidocaine: Negative Cooperativity and Half-of-Sites Saturation Kinetics

TWIK-related K+ channel TREK1, a background leak K+ channel, has been strongly implicated as the target of several general and local anesthetics. Here, using the whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp technique, we investigated the effect of lidocaine, a local anesthetic, on the human (h) TREK1 channel heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells by an adenoviral-mediated expression system. Lidocaine, at clinical concentrations, produced reversible, concentration-dependent inhibition of hTREK1 current, with IC50 value of 180 mu M, by reducing the single-channel open probability and stabilizing the closed state. We have identified a strategically placed unique aromatic couplet (Tyr352 and Phe355) in the vicinity of the protein kinase A phosphorylation site, Ser348, in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of hTREK1, that is critical for the action of lidocaine. Furthermore, the phosphorylation state of Ser348 was found to have a regulatory role in lidocaine-mediated inhibition of hTREK1. It is interesting that we observed strong intersubunit negative cooperativity (Hill coefficient = 0.49) and half-of-sites saturation binding stoichiometry (half-reaction order) for the binding of lidocaine to hTREK1. Studies with the heterodimer of wild-type (wt)-hTREK1 and Delta 119 C-terminal deletion mutant (hTREK1(wt)-Delta 119) revealed that single CTD of hTREK1 was capable of mediating partial inhibition by lidocaine, but complete inhibition necessitates the cooperative interaction between both the CTDs upon binding of lidocaine. Based on our observations, we propose a model that explains the unique kinetics and provides a plausible paradigm for the inhibitory action of lidocaine on hTREK1.

Synthesis, structural characterization and ferroelectric properties of Pb(0.76)Ca(0.24)TiO(3) nanotubes

A capillary-enforced template-based method has been applied to fabricate Pb(0.76)Ca(0.24)TiO(3) (PCT24) nanotubes via filling PCT24 precursor solution, prepared by modified sol-gel method, into nanochannels of anodic aluminum oxide templates. The morphology and structure of as-prepared PCT24 were examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The obtained PCT24 nanotubes with diameter of similar to 200 nm and wall thickness of similar to 20 nm exhibited a tetragonal perovskite structure. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis confirmed that as-obtained PCT24 nanotubes made up of nanoparticles (5-8 nm) which were randomly aligned in the nanotubes. Formation of some solid crystalline PCT24 nanorods, Y-junctions and multi-branches were observed. Interconnections in the pores of template are responsible for the growth of Y-junctions and multi-branches. The possible formation mechanism of PCT24 nanotubes/nanorods was discussed. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops of PCT24 nanotube arrays were measured, showing a room temperature ferroelectric characteristic of as-prepared PCT24 nanotubes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determinación de aptitud combinatoria de ocho lineas de maiz (Zea mays L.) derivadas de la población 76 C2 (Tropical Intermedia Blanco Cristalino)

En las épocas de primera y postrera de 2000 en terrenos de las estaciones experimentales Santa Rosa y San Cristóbal del Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (CNIA) pertenecientes al Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), se evaluaron 28 cruzas dialélicas, derivadas de 8 líneas promisorias de maíz (Zea mays L.) de la Población 76 C 2. Los objetivos fueron: (1) Determinar los efectos de aptitud combinatoria general y específica, (2) Identificar las mejores cruzas simples y (3) Determinar la heterosis de las cruzas simples en estudio. Se establecieron tres ensayos uniformes, dos en la época de primera y uno en postrera, el diseño experimental fue un Bloques Completos al Azar, con cuatro repeticiones. El análisis de las cruzas dialélicas fue a través del diseño IV de Griffing (1956) (Martínez, 1983), en el cual se ensaya P(P-1)12 combinaciones, donde P se refiere al número de progenitores involucrados en los cruzamientos. El análisis dialélico combinado, la aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) y específica (ACE), presentaron diferencias altamente significativas (a=0.01) para cada tratamiento, en cada localidad y a través de localidades, lo que indica que algunas líneas al combinarse dieron como resultado cruzas con un comportamiento superior o simi1ar al esperado a la ACG de sus padres. Las líneas LN-l, LN-5, LN-7 y LN-9 presentaron los efectos positivos de ACG (0.17, 0.06, 0.07 y 0.13 t/ha). Asimismo, las cruzas simples (LN-1 x LN-5), (LN-7 x LN-11), (LN-7 x LN-15) y (LN-13 x LN-13) obtuvieron estimaciones de ACE positivas (0.69, 0.63, 0.76 y 0.08 t/ha) y con porcentajes de heterosis de 202.7, 172.0, 184.2 y 156.1% respectivamente, lo que es un buen indicador para el aprovechamiento de los efectos genéticos no aditivos principalmente genes de acción de dominancia que son aprovechados en la heterosis.

Sapientia, 1965, Vol. XX, nº 76 (número completo)

Contenido: Humanismo y trascendencia / Octavio N. Derisi – La sustancia como sujeto en Aristóteles / Cesáreo López Salgado – La significación de la muerte / Oswaldo Robles – La obra de arte y el intelecto / Omar Argerami – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Epidermis differentiation in Salmo irideus Gilb. development [Translation from: Archo ital.Anat.Embriol. 76, 19-30, 1971]

Recent histochemical and histophysiological research on the skin of fish has posed interesting problems both with regard to the presence of specialized types of cell and with regard to the function of this organ. The present paper intends to study the development and the functional differentiation of the trout's skin, both from the histomorphological and the histochemical point of view. The skin of Salmonids is devoid of specialized cells; the granular cells of Petromyzonti, the serous cells of Selacii and the clavate cells described in many other teleosts and it lacks keratin. As such it can be considered a good working model which can be used to show the eventual histomorphological and histochemical changes occurring both in the transformation from the endovular to the aqueous environment. Histomorphological observations were carried out demonstrate the great structural simplicity of the trout's skin at all stages. The article concludes that glycogen increases greatly when the epidermis thickens and therefore when it becomes necessary to guarantee resistance, amongst which is a support mechanism.

A contribution to the algal flora of the Kola Peninsula [Translation from: Trudy Institut Botaniki Trudy Institut Botaniki Kharkivskii. Univ Vol. 4, pp. 53-76, 1941]

During recent years in connection with the industrialisation of the Kola Peninsula, the study of this district in the botanical respect, in particular the study of the microflora of various bodies of water, began to advance markedly. This article describes the algal flora of the Kola Peninsula. Morphological descriptions are given for three Tetraspora: Tetraspora simplex, Tetraspora tenera, Tetraspora imperfecta. Chlorophysema aduata is also described, and short descriptions of further algae found in the Kola Peninsula are given.