Nutrient distribution in Picea likiangensis trees growing in a plantation in West Sichuan, Southwest China

Abstract

How the West "invented" fertility restriction

We analyze the rise of the first socio-economic institution in history that limited fertility ? long before theDemographic Transition. The "European Marriage Pattern" (EMP) raised the marriage age of women andensured that many remained celibate, thereby reducing childbirths by up to one third between the 14thand 18th century. To explain the rise of EMP we build a two-sector model of agricultural production ?grain and livestock. Women have a comparative advantage in the latter because plow agriculture requiresphysical strength. After the Black Death in 1348-50, land abundance triggered a shift towards the landintensivepastoral sector, improving female employment prospects. Because women working in animalhusbandry had to remain unmarried, more farm service spelled later marriages. The resulting reductionin fertility led to a new Malthusian steady state with lower population pressure and higher wages. Themodel can thus help to explain the divergence in income per capita between Europe and Asia long beforethe Industrial Revolution. Using detailed data from England after 1290, we provide strong evidence forour mechanism. Where pastoral agriculture dominated, more women worked as servants, and marriageoccurred markedly later. Overall, we estimate that pastoral farming raised female ages at first marriage bymore than 4 years.

08023-013 DMACC Lake Final Report

The DMACC Lake Watershed Improvement project will focus on water quality and quantity as well as channel and lake restoration. Roadway, parking lot, and roof drainage from the west and northwest portions of the campus add significant amounts of pollutants and silt to the lake. Severe channel erosion exists along the northern creek channel with exposed cut banks ranging from 2-10 feet in height devoid of vegetation. Heavy lake sedimentation and algae blooms are a result of accumulated sediment being conveyed to the lake. Most sections of the north channel have grades of between 0.5% and 1%. This channel receives large scouring flow velocities. There are no natural riffle or pool systems. There are five areas where these riffle and pool systems may need to be created in order to slow overall channel velocities. This will create a series of rock riffles and a still pool that will mimic the conditions that natural channels tend to create, protecting the channel from undercutting. Multiple practices will need to be implemented to address the pollutant, silt, and channel erosion. Improvements will be specifically tailored to address problems observed within the north channel, on-site drainage from the west and northwest, as well as off-site drainage to the north of the campus and east of Ankeny Blvd (Hwy 69). The result will be improved quality and quantity of site drainage and a channel with a more natural appearance and reduced scour velocities. Sections of the north channel will require grading to establish slopes that can support deep rooted vegetation and to improve maintenance access. Areas with eroded banks will require slope pull back and may also require toe armor protection to stabilize. A constructed wetland will collect and treat runoff from the west on site parking lot, before being discharged into the lake. This project will create educational opportunities to both students and the general public as well as interested parties outside of the local area for how an existing system can be retro fitted for improved watershed quality.

Report on a special investigation of Café DMACC within Des Moines Area Community College campus in Ankeny, Iowa for the period January 4, 2013 through May 2, 2014

Report on a special investigation of Café DMACC within Des Moines Area Community College campus in Ankeny, Iowa for the period January 4, 2013 through May 2, 2014

El futbol femení a Osona: desigualtats, necessitats, demanda i potencialitat d'un campus de futbol per a noies de la comarca

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és determinar si existeix una desigualtat entre el futbol femení i el masculí en esdeveniments esportius i en el seu cas realitzar propostes ajustades a les necessitats actuals. D’una banda, les dades cedides per la Federació Catalana de Futbol permeten comparar l’evolució de futbolistes federats i federades i certifiquen que hi ha un canvi de socialització de la dona dins de l’esport, concretament, del futbol osonenc. D’altra banda, de la literatura es desprèn que és possible detectar que la progressió de la dona en l’esport no va d’acord amb les necessitats d’aquest gènere. És per això, que mitjançant la tècnica de treball dels grups de discussió, integrats per jugadores, entrenadors i pares i mares, ens acostarem a la realitat per tal d’esbrinar la demanda d’un possible campus de futbol femení; els seus objectius i les preferències d’aquest col·lectiu per aconseguir satisfer les seves necessitats.

Audit report on the City of West Branch, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2014

Audit report on the City of West Branch, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2014

Lee County, Township 67 North Range 7 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Van Buren County, Township 67 North Range 8 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Van Buren County, Township 67 North Range 9 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Lee County, Township 68 North Range 7 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Van Buren County, Township 68 North Range 8 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Van Buren County, Township 68 North Range 9 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Van Buren County, Township 68 North Range 10 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.