Experiences of family members regarding the oral health care of children

Este estudo objetivou verificar a compreensão das experiências dos familiares em relação ao cuidado com a saúde bucal das crianças. É estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2007, em distrito de saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, com 12 cuidadores. Utilizou-se referencial teórico da vulnerabilidade e a perspectiva hermenêutica. Três categorias empíricas foram elaboradas: os significados do cuidado com a saúde bucal, em busca das causas e da prevenção de agravos bucais e a realidade dos serviços de saúde bucal. Entre outros elementos potencializadores da vulnerabilidade infantil aos agravos bucais, emergiu a supervalorização da causalidade biológica, do atendimento de alta complexidade e da odontologia estética e, entre os protetores, a valorização do saber popular e a integração de ações e conhecimentos profissionais. Aponta-se para a revisão das estratégias de prevenção e promoção de saúde bucal, fornecendo elementos para auxiliar os serviços de saúde a reorganizarem o cuidado com a saúde bucal de crianças.

Determining the season of death from the family composition of insects infesting carrion

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Association between breast-feeding practices and sucking habits: A cross-sectional study of children in their first year of life

In addition to providing nutrition and immunological protection, breast-feeding has positive effects on the development of the infant's oral cavity. The aim of the present study is to assess breast-feeding patterns and to analyze the influence of breast-feeding practices and maternal sociodemographic variables on the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits in a sample of Brazilian infants. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Southern Brazil. A random sample of 100 mothers of infants up to 12 months of age was interviewed during the National Vaccination Campaign Day. The prevalence and median duration of breast-feeding were assessed. Breast-feeding practice, the exposure factor, was categorized as exclusive breast-feeding, predominant breast-feeding, complementary breast-feeding, or weaning. Maternal sociodemographic variables included age, race, marital status, educational level, profession, and family income. The outcome investigated was the prevalence of sucking habits (pacifier use and thumb sucking). We used two-sample tests, the chi-square test and Fisher exact test0 for statistical analyses of the data. The study revealed that 75% of infants were being breast-fed. Pacifier use and thumb sucking were common in 55%. Bottle-feeding was prevalent in 74% of infants. Breast-feeding was negatively correlated with pacifier use and thumb sucking (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.4). Bottle-feeding was strongly associated with weaning (p = 0.0003). Among the sociodemographic variables, only marital status showed a statistical association with sucking habits (p = 0.04). These findings suggest that breast-feeding can prevent the occurrence of sucking habits. Although we could not evaluate causality assessment, malocclusion prevention seems to be yet one more reason for promoting breast-feeding practices.

La familia frente a las necesidades de los niños y adolescentes en el desarrollo nacional = The family vis-a-vis the needs of children and adolescents in national development

Incluye Bibliografía

Adolescentes em conflito com a lei: memórias e trajetórias de vivências na escola

O presente estudo objetiva desvelar, a memória de escola de adolescentes em conflito com a Lei e que cumprem medidas na Fundação da Criança e do Adolescente do Pará, na Unidade Socioeducativa de Internação de Val-de-Cães. A intenção é traçar por meio dos enunciados discursivos destes sujeitos, suas incursões no ambiente educacional e assim identificar o que os fizeram abandonar a escola de forma precoce e/ou apresentarem em seus currículos escolares um alto índice de repetência. As questões que norteiam este estudo são: Que fatores contribuíram para que estes adolescentes abandonassem o ambiente educacional de forma precoce? Até que ponto a escola e a exclusão social foram fatores relevantes para o envolvimento destes adolescentes com a violência e criminalidade? Qual o comprometimento da escola na formação dos adolescentes em conflito com a Lei, levando em consideração o papel da escola na formação do sujeito? Partindo das questões norteadoras o estudo objetiva identificar que Rede de Significados estão envolvidas nestes questionamentos. A amostra contou com a participação de 18 adolescentes na faixa etária de 12 a 17 anos de idade, com escolaridade de 13 série do ensino básico até a 83 série do ensino fundamental, nascidos no Estado do Pará, cumprindo medidas socioeducativas pelo ato infracional que vai do dano ao patrimônio público (Art. 163) a assalto seguido de morte (Art.12l c/c Art. 14). Foi utilizado como instrumentos de coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada e documentos cedidos pela Fundação, como os prontuários, com os dados pessoais e acompanhamento de cada adolescente. O corpus da pesquisa foi analisado por meio dos seguintes eixos-temáticos: Escola; Família; Violência e Criminalidade; Relações Interpessoais e Perspectivas Futuras. O referencial teórico utilizado para análise dos dados segue a concepção de Bakhtin sobre a rede de significados e de autores que discutem aspectos relacionados aos eixos temáticos. Para tal utilizei autores como ROSSETTI e FERRElRA (2004); ARROYO (1997); BOSSA (2002); CORDIÉ (1996); VYGOTSKY (2000); PINTO (2002), entre outros. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo foi o de encontrar correspondência com os princípios e critérios que pudessem contribuir para a fundamentação desta análise, favorecendo a interação entre as diferentes formas de produção de conhecimento, sobretudo, pelos dados apresentados ao processo de escolarização destes sujeitos, uma vez que contribuiu para reprovações, repetências, defasagens, e não raro, para a evasão escolar.

Characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women

Background: Sexual violence is considered a serious violation of human rights which affects mainly young women and adolescents. There is little information about the conditions under which sexual offences occur. We evaluated characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women.Method: This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. Analyses were carried out on data collected from 1118 women, 546 adolescents (10-19 years) and 572 adults (>= 20 years), with a complaint of rape treated at Hospital Perola Byington, Sao Paulo, between 1994 and 1999. The age limit of the adolescent sample met the World Health Organization's (WHO) criteria. We analyzed the type of sexual contact, degree of intimidation, perpetrator and activity of the victim during the approach.Results: Crimes without penetration were five times more frequent in adolescents and use of threats of death or intimidation was common in both groups. Mental illness was more prevalent in adult victims and the majority of adolescent victims were aged < 14 years. Uncle and stepfather perpetrators were more frequent among adolescents and partners or former intimate partners in adult women. In most cases the approach occurred in public places, although sex crimes at the perpetrator's residence were more frequent amongst adolescents.Conclusions: Although children and adolescents require the same intervention measures and legal protection, a considerable proportion of adolescent sex offenders can face conditions similar to those of adult women.

Experience of family members as a result of children's hospitalization at the Intensive Care Unit

Objective. To describe the experience of family members as a result of children’s hospitalization at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methodology. Descriptive and cross-sectional study. A structured interview was held with 20 relatives of patients hospitalized at two clinics of the Botucatu Medical School at Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Information was collected between July and September 2010. Results. The main characteristics of the participating relatives were: 80% mothers of the children; 70% low education level and 70% married. Sixty percent of the children were hospitalized at the ICU for the first time. Eighty percent of the interviewees believe that the children’s behavior changes inside the unit and 85% consider that visiting hours are sufficient. The predominant negative feelings are fear (50%) and insecurity (20%), while the predominant positive feelings are hope (50%) and the expectation of discharge (25%). The professional who most supported the relatives was the nurse (35%). Conclusion. The family members’ experience as a result of the children’s hospitalization at the ICU involves positive and negative aspects, which also affect the child’s behavior at the unit.

Enfermagem cuidando de paciente adulto e família no processo de morte em sala de emergência

The purpose of the study was to understand the experience of nursing professionals on the care provided to adult patients and relatives who experience the dying process in an emergency room. Statements of 12 nursing professionals, being 8 technicians and 4 registered nurses of the emergency room of a high-complexity university hospital were analyzed. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and evaluated according to Bardin’s content analysis. As a result, the theme entitled the relative’s mourning process emerged with two categories: alterity as an opening and suffering as a limit. when subjectivity, which was revealed under the principle of alterity, permeated the subjects’ actions, the nursing practices were targeted at the patients and their relative’s needs, but suffering as a limit imposed distancing by the professionals during care provision, even when it was perceived as necessary.

Jimmie E. Nunnery Family Papers - Accession 1353

The Jimmie E. Nunnery Papers consists of correspondence, death certificates, certificate for administrator of estate, court petition for name change, birth certificates, other various certificates, photographs, high school diploma, plaques, marriage license, legal agreements, wills, newspapers, invitations to graduation, passport, property maps, genealogical information, school programs, recipes, church brochures, boy scout patches, report cards, drawings, records from the House of Representatives, stationary, SC legislative manuals, florist magazine, Kodak movie film, various books, American flag, recording tape, cemetery booklet, family bulletin, high school yearbook, and a scrapbook of time spent in the House of Representatives.

RP93-395 Liability Insurance and the Family Child Care Provider

Life other small business owners, family child care providers need adequate life, health, and disability insurance to protect their families from the loss of their income. However, child care providers also face unique risks. Perhaps the most important of these risks is the financial loss that would result if the provider were found liable or responsible for the injury or death of a child or a child's parent. If a claim were filed against you as a provider, three different types of financial losses are possible: medical expenses, damages awarded to the victim or his/her family after a lawsuit, and court costs related to your defense. This booklet will help you to: (1) evaluate options for insuring a family child care operation, and (2) evaluate available liability insurance policies.

The impact of dental caries and trauma in children on family quality of life

Objectives: To assess the impact of childrens dental caries (DC) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) on parents quality of life (QoL), adjusted by family income. Methods: Parents of 219 children aged 5 and 6 years answered the Family Impact Scale (FIS) on their perception of QoL and data about income. Three calibrated dentists examined the severity of DC according to decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth index, and children were categorized into: 0 = caries free; 15 = low severity; and =6 = high severity. TDI were classified into uncomplicated and complicated injuries. QoL was measured through FIS items and total score, and Poisson regression was used to associate the variables with the outcome. Results: Severity of DC showed a negative impact on the total score and subscales on parental/family activities, parental emotions and financial burden (P < 0.001). TDI showed a negative impact on total score and in some FIS items. The multivariate-adjusted model showed that only the increase in the severity of childrens DC (RR = 3.19; 95% CI = 2.36, 4.31; P < 0.001) was associated with a greater negative impact on parents QoL, while high family income was a protective factor (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.95; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The severity of childrens DC has a negative impact on parents QoL, whereas TDI do not. A lower family income might have a negative impact on parents QoL.

Depression in children and adolescents: family narratives in Brazilian primary attention

Background: The incidence of depression in children and adolescents still increasing and this disorder is now a major public health challenge worldwide. The Psychiatric Reform suggested an end to the fragmented and inefficient service by proposing integrated and quality care. In this context, family narratives are a way to recognize vulnerabilities and provide psychopathology prevention in primary care. Methods: Two medical databases (LILACS and SciELO) were surveyed and 14 texts published between 2004 and 2011 were selected and reviewed. Results and discussion: Children and adolescents are nowadays exposed to several stressing factors, in addition to natural vulnerabilities of this age group. Prevention is associated with a qualified hearing of family narratives in primary care and healthcare professionals should be able to perceive said and unsaid elements across the speech. Conclusion: In spite of the advances about children and adolescents mental health, some procedures must be adapted to achieve an efficient mental health policy though analyzing family discourse.